Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-06T12:50:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Ribeiro Coaracy Neto.pdf: 1132672 bytes, checksum: a96187ba83cdb808e8259b19764c541a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T12:50:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Ribeiro Coaracy Neto.pdf: 1132672 bytes, checksum: a96187ba83cdb808e8259b19764c541a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research seeks to establish a dialogue between psychoanalysis and the Amplified Clinic. The purpose of this interlocution is to discuss social participation as a strategic guideline of Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS), from the perspective of a Participatory Democracy. For this, the subject notions related to psychoanalysis and to the Amplified Clinic are specified, which also delimits their clinical methods. To highlight the characteristics of the subject of the Amplified Clinic, the works of Gastão Wagner and Rosana Onocko are studied. In addition, a history chapter is elaborated, showing the struggle against the military dictatorship and Brazil’s redemocratization process, with emphasis on the work of Sérgio Arouca. Thus, we observe in the theories and commitments that create SUS a notion of subject that is characterized by the autonomy and responsibility to participate socially. These characteristics are linked to the forms of participation such as social control (Law 8.142/90) and sharing, taken as a principle of the Amplified Clinic. On the part of psychoanalysis, the subject of the unconscious is specified from the reading of Freud and Lacan. Hence, we conceive it as beyond the representation’s field, between the signifiers. In the sequence, we see how psychoanalysis allows a collective practice in health institutions oriented by the singularities of the subject, which stands out in three points: the savoir y faire with a symptom, the establishment of transference and the decentralization of the demands. Each point corresponds to ways of sustaining a mode of collective participation that includes the subject of the unconscious, which necessarily implies a distance from imperatives of participation or any form of domination of the subjects. This occurs in a case-by-case and contingency manner, provoking forms of participation in which the subject is able to bring the participatory discourse in the terms of his own narrative. In the end, as an effect of our interlocution we see the possibility of the collective production of responsibility and autonomy regarding the singularities of the subjects, which incites the differentiation of the offer and demand logic supported by the massifying and homogenizing principles of the capitalist discourse / Esta pesquisa procura realizar uma interlocução entre psicanálise e Clínica Ampliada. O objetivo dessa interlocução é discutir a participação social enquanto diretriz estratégica do SUS, na perspectiva de uma Democracia Participativa. Para isso, especificam-se as noções de sujeito correlatas à psicanálise e à Clínica Ampliada, o que também delimita seus métodos clínicos. Para realçar as características do sujeito da Clínica Ampliada, estudam-se os trabalhos de Gastão Wagner e Rosana Onocko. Além disso, elabora-se um capítulo histórico, mostrando a luta contra a ditadura militar e o processo de redemocratização do Brasil, com destaque para a obra de Sérgio Arouca. Dessa forma, observamos, nas teorias e apostas que fundam o SUS, uma noção de sujeito que se caracteriza pela autonomia e responsabilidade para participar socialmente. Tais características ligam-se às formas de participação do controle social (Lei 8.142/90) e ao compartilhamento, tomado como um princípio da Clínica Ampliada. Por parte da psicanálise, especifica-se o sujeito do inconsciente a partir da leitura de Freud e Lacan. Assim, o concebemos como além do campo das representações, entre os significantes. Na sequência, vemos como a psicanálise permite uma prática coletiva em saúde orientada pela singularidade do sujeito do inconsciente, o que se destaca em três pontos: o saber fazer com um sintoma, a instauração de transferências e a descentralização das demandas. Cada um desses pontos corresponde a maneiras de sustentação de um modo de participação coletivo que inclua o sujeito do inconsciente, o que implica necessariamente um afastamento de imperativos de participação ou de quaisquer formas de dominação dos sujeitos. Isso ocorre no caso a caso e contingencialmente, suscitando formas de participação em que o sujeito é capaz de trazer nos termos de sua própria narrativa o discurso participativo. Ao final, como efeito de nossa interlocução, vislumbramos a possibilidade de produção coletiva de responsabilidade e de autonomia a partir das singularidades, o que suscita a diferenciação de lógicas de oferta e demanda apoiadas nos princípios massificantes e homogeneizadores do discurso capitalista

Excerpt: Tinnitus: Clinical and Research Perspectives summarizes contemporary findings from basic and clinical research regarding tinnitus mechanisms, effects, and interventions. The text features a collection of international authors, active researchers, and clinicians who provide an expansive scope of material that ensures relevance for patients and professionals. Reviews and reports of contemporary research findings underscore the text s value for classroom use in audiology and otolaryngology programs. Patients and students of audiology will benefit from the text s coverage of tinnitus mechanisms, emerging practice considerations, and expectations for outcomes--for example, recent successes of cognitive behavioral therapy, neuromodulation, and hearing aid use. These and other topics, such as the effects of noise and drugs on tinnitus, are reported in a way that enhances clinicians ability to weave such strategies into their own work. The influence of tinnitus on all aspects of life is explored, from art to medicine and communication to isolation, thereby providing clinicians and patients a deeper understanding of and greater facility managing a tinnitus experience. Finally, this text includes case studies that provide a practical view of tinnitus effects and management approaches. The editors hope that the consideration of mechanisms, interventions, and outcomes resonates with patients, clinicians, and students of audiology.

The microelectronics industry has made remarkable progress with the development of integrated circuit (IC) technology which depends on the advance of micro-fabrication and integration techniques. On one hand, next-generation lithography (NGL) technologies which utilize extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and the state-of-art 193 nm immmersion and double patterning lithography have emerged as the promising candidates to meet the resolution requirements of the microelectronic industry roadmap. On the other hand, the development and advanced characterization of novel resist materials with the required critical imaging properties, such as high resolution, high sensitivity, and low line edge roughness (LER), is also indispensable. In conventional multi-component chemically amplified resist (CAR) system, the inherent incompatibility between small molecule photoacid generator (PAG) and the bulky polymer resin can lead to PAG phase separation, PAG aggregation, non-uniform PAG and acid distribution, as well as uncontrolled acid migration during the post-exposure baking (PEB) processes in the resist film. These problems ultimately create the tri-lateral tradeoff between achieving the desired lithography characteristics. Novel resist materials which can relief this constraint are essential and have become one of the most challenging issues for the implementation NGL technologies. This thesis work focuses on the development and characterization of novel resist materials for NGL technologies. In the first part of the thesis work, advanced characterization techniques for studying resist fundamental properties and lithographic performance are developed and demonstrated. These techniques provide efficient and precise evaluations of PAG acid generation, acid diffusivity, and intrinsic resolution and LER of resist materials. The applicability of these techniques to the study of resist structure-function relationships are also evaluated and discussed. In the second part of the thesis work, the advanced characterization and development of a novel resist system, the polymer-bound-PAG resists, are reported. The advantages of direct incorporation of PAG functionality into the resist polymer main chain are investigated and illustrated through both experimental and modeling studies. The structure-function relationships between the fundamental properties of polymer-bound-PAG resists and their lithographic performance are also investigated. Recommendations on substantial future works for characterizing and improving resist lithographic performance are discussed at the end of this thesis work.

The three South African crane species, namely, the Wattled Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus), the Blue Crane (Anthropoides paradisea) and the Grey Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum regulorum) are all threatened. South African legislation protects the cranes, however eggs and/or fledglings are sometimes illegally collected from the wild. These are then sold, often by registered breeders, who falsely claim them as the offspring of their captive breeding pair. DNA fingerprinting is one method to detect this crime. Fifteen RAPD primers were screened for polymorphism in the three species. Seven primers produced polymorphic profiles in the Blue Crane and eight each in the Grey Crowned Crane and Wattled Crane, with an average of 14.57, 12.38 and 5.88 scorable loci per primer, respectively. The Band Sharing Coefficient for unrelated individuals was found to be 0.665, 0.745 and 0.736 for the Blue, Grey Crowned and Wattled Crane respectively. Five microsatellite primers, originally developed for use in Whooping Cranes (Grus american), had previously been shown to be polymorphic in the Wattled Crane. This was also the case in this study with an average of 3.6 alleles per primer. Although all primers cross amplified, only a single primer each showed polymorphism in the Blue Crane (showing 6 alleles) and the Grey Crowned Crane (showing 5 alleles). The RAPDs were found to be irreproducible, show high numbers of novel bands and had parent: offspring BSC values that were not significantly higher than those of unrelated individuals. Statistics showed that, in the Blue Crane, the probability that misassigned parents would be detected was low whilst there was an almost certainty that true parents would be incorrectly excluded. The five microsatellite primers examined gave exclusionary powers of 0.869 and 0.641 where one or two parents were unknown in the Wattled Crane. The exclusionary powers for the Blue Crane and Grey Crowned Crane calculated at only one locus were much lower. It was concluded that RAPDs were totally inappropriate for parentage analyses, however, microsatellites are a suitable technique and recommendations are made that other microsatellites, developed for other species of crane, should be examined for their potential in this respect. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important agronomic crop with the maize industry forming an important component of the South African economy. Considerable effort has been directed towards the genetic improvement of maize through both conventional breeding and biotechnology. Genotype identification by DNA fingerprinting is becoming an important activity in plant breeding. A widely used molecular based and relatively inexpensive method for DNA fingerprinting is the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The RAPD technique was tested in this study for its potential use in maize breeding programmes. Initial results using the technique showed a low degree of reproducibility, therefore both the DNA isolation and RAPD protocols were extensively optimised. DNA quality and quantity, and choice of Taq polymerase buffer were three of the variables found to be influential in ensuring reproducibility. The ability of the RAPD technique to characterise seven maize genotypes was evaluated. Sixty random oligonucleotide primers were screened. Forty two primers scored a total of 233 fragments (an average of 5.5 per primer), but not all primers gave reproducible profiles. Eighteen primers scored a total of 110 loci for the presence (1) and absence (0) of DNA fragments. RAPD markers were able to distinguish between all seven genotypes with five primers producing specific fragments for four genotypes. Genetic similarity matrices were calculated using two software programmes i.e. Genstat 5™ release 4.1 (1993) and PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) 4.0 beta version (Swafford, 1998). Cluster analysis was used to generate dendrograms to visualise the genetic relationships of the seven maize genotypes (only minor differences were observed between the Genstat or PAUP method of analysis). Genetic diversity ranged from 0.62 to 0.96. The estimation of genetic relationship was in accordance with the presumed pedigree of the genotypes showing that the RAPD technique demonstrates potential for genome analysis of maize. The applicability of the technique for marker assisted selection was also evaluated. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) for leaf blight (Helminthosporium spp.) were screened for polymorphisms using a total of 120 primers. Ten primers identified polymorphisms between the NILs. Four primers produced five polymorphic fragments present in the resistant inbred K0315Y and absent in the susceptible inbred D0940Y. A small F2 population of 14 individuals was produced by selfing the F1 of a cross between K0315Y and D0940Y. To speed up the generation time, the F1 and F2 plants were cultured by embryo rescue from 18d old harvested seed. One fragment of 627 base pairs produced by primer OPB-01 (5' GTTTCGCTCC 3') showed a 3: 1 segregation in the small F2 population and was considered putatively linked to the HtN gene for leaf blight resistance. This study shows that the RAPD technique does have application in maize breeding programmes. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.

In this work, we study the nonlinear propagation of light in liquid crystals (LCs) and the optical gain provided by LCs when they are polymer- or dye-doped.We will focus on nematic LCs, which are characterized by a mean orientation (also called director) of the elongated molecules and by a subsequent birefringence. After a general introduction on LCs, we focus on the nonlinear propagation of light in nematic LCs, and in particular the soliton-like propagation (nematicon). Indeed, if the light injected in the cell is intense enough, it can create a waveguide that counteracts the diffraction of the light. The light then propagates with an almost constant (or periodic) transverse profile.Our contribution to the subject starts with the numerical modeling of the thermal noise that characterizes the nematic LCs and the study of spatial instabilities of the soliton propagation caused by that noise. In Ch.3 we show that, by explicitly implementing the spatial correlation of the director in the LC thermal noise, it is possible to reproduce some of the features that characterize the LC response, such as the speckle generation or the fluctuating trajectory of the spatial optical soliton in LCs. Indeed, when the nematicon diameter is of the same order ofmagnitude as or smaller than the refractive index perturbations caused by the thermal noise, the nematicon starts to fluctuate in space. These fluctuations are not present when the noise is not correlated, indicating that the long-range interactions in LCs are crucial to explain the fluctuations. The model also allows us to introduce the propagation losses experienced by the nematicon without the use of an ad-hoc term. The simulations are in agreement with the experimental results. This method could also help the modeling of complex nonlinear phenomena in LCs that rely on noise, such as modulation instabilities or filamentation.Then, the optical gain is included in the LCs by dissolving photoluminescent polymers or dyes in it. In particular, we show that a particular polymer, the polyfuorene, when dissolved in nematic LCs, creates an intricate supramolecular pattern composed by homogeneous LC-rich regions surrounded by polymer-rich boundaries. The study of these structures through an ultra-fast spectroscopic technique (the pump-probe technique) and confocal microscopy reveals that the boundaries are composed by ordered and isolated chains of polymers. This particular morphology allows the observation of the optical gain from an oxidized unit of the polymeric chain (keto defects). This signal is usually covered by the absorption caused by the chain aggregation in solid state samples, while in LCs it is clearly visible. The optical gain from the keto defects appears also to be polarized orthogonal to the LC director, which is also the orientation of most of the boundaries. When a dye, one of the pyrromethenes, is dissolved in the LCs, the sample appears to be homogeneous. The optical gain from the dye ispolarized along the LC director and it shows an important spectral blue-shift (10 nm) passing from a polarization parallel to orthogonal to the LC director. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) shows the same shift when changing the direction of the sample excitation.When the ASE and the nematicon are generated in the same sample, it is possible to study the interaction between the two. In particular, the waveguide induced by the soliton can be used to guide another signal at another wavelength. We show that the nematicon can collect the ASE generated in the same device and guide it to the same fiber used to inject the nematicon in the LC cell. The extraction of the ASE from the device increases almost one order of magnitude when the soliton is present. However, due to the nematicon spatial fluctuations in LCs, an optimal nematicon power has to be found. Indeed, by increasing the soliton power, the light guiding is improved since the refractive index contrast of the nematicon-induced waveguide is increased. However, very high soliton powers have to be avoided, since the power-dependent soliton fluctuations prevent an optimal collection of the light. The nematicon is also found to increase the spectral purity and the polarization degree of the guided signal.Another LC system is studied, the chiral nematic LCs. In this system, the molecules are disposed following an helicoidal distribution. Due to their optical anisotropy and the periodic distribution, the system presents an optical band-gap. If the LC is also dye-doped, the combination of optical band-gap and gain generates laser emission. We are interested in a fast (sub-ms) reorientation of the helix, with the aim of studying the effect of this reorientation on the laser emission. The first step is the alignment of the LC helix (without the dye) with its axis parallel to the glass plates that constitute the cell, which is difficult to obtain with a high optical quality. For this reason, an innovative method is developed to align LCs through directional solvent evaporation. The solvent-induced method allows us to obtain particularly homogeneous textures, with a contrast ratio between the bright and the dark states that is a factor of 4 greater than that obtained with traditional methods. The LC samples based on solvent-induced alignment are then stabilized via two-photon photo-polymerization. This technique allows us to polymerize small regions of the device while the rest of the sample can be washed out in a solvent bath. When an achiral material is used to refill the device, it assumes a chiral alignment in the polymerized regions and an achiral nematic distribution in the rest. The first characterization of the laser emission is then presented in the last Chapter, with the aim of achieving sub-ms electrical tuning in future works.In this work a wide range of aspects have been investigated, leading to the realization of novel techniques for the fabrication of liquid crystal devices, the demonstration of novel phenomena for light amplification in liquid crystals and the experimental verification of new numerical modeling tools for light propagation in liquid crystals. The three key aspects of the work are nonlinear propagation, optical amplification and electrical response of different LC-based mixtures. Although the first few chapters deal with some of the aspects separately, in the last chapter these aspects are combined, revealing interesting new phenomena and pointing out a number of new aspects that could be part of future work. The results in this work have potential applications in fast tunable lasers, optical communication systems and lab-on-chip components. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Neste trabalho investigamos a dinâmica de formação de nanopartículas de Au por pulsos de femtossegundos formatados (800 nm, 30 fs, 1 kHz e 2 mJ), induzida pela ionização da molécula de quitosana. Inicialmente desenvolvemos um sistema de formatação de pulsos ultracurtos que faz uso de um modulador espacial de luz, constituído por um arranjo linear de cristais líquidos, com o qual somos capazes de impor distintas modulações de fase ao pulso laser. Para monitorar o processo de produção de nanopartículas, montamos um sistema de excitação (pulsos de femtossegundos) e prova (luz branca), o qual permite a observação em tempo real do aparecimento da banda de plásmon e, consequentemente, da dinâmica de formação das nanopartículas. Resultados obtidos para pulsos não formatados (limitados por Transformada de Fourier) demonstraram que a formação de nanopartículas deve-se à ionização não linear da quitosana, a qual está relacionada à oxidação do grupo hidroxila para o grupo carbonila. Medidas de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão forneceram os tamanhos (entre 20 e 100 nm) e formatos (esferas, pirâmides, hexágonos, bastões, etc) das nanopartículas geradas. Ainda, nossos resultados revelaram que esta ionização é iniciada por absorção multifotônica, mais especificamente por absorção de 4 fótons. Utilizando pulsos formatados com fase espectrais constante, degrau e cossenoidal com diferentes frequências, investigamos a influência destes na formação de nanopartículas. Concluímos que os pulsos mais longos são mais favoráveis ao processo de ionização, e consequente redução dos íons de Au para a formação de nanopartículas metálicas. Este comportamento se deve, provavelmente, à redistribuição da energia absorvida para os modos vibracionais, o que é mais provável para pulsos mais longos. Assim, o método apresentado pode abrir novas maneiras para a formação de nanopartículas de metálicas, as quais podem ser mais exploradas dos pontos de vista aplicado e fundamental. / In this work we have studied the synthesis of Au nanoparticles using shaped ultrashort pulses (800 nm, 30 fs, 1 kHz and 2 mJ), induced by the ionization of the chitosan. Initially we developed a pulse shaping setup that uses a spatial light modulator (liquid crystals array), with which we are able to impose distinct phase mask to the laser pulse. In order to monitor the nanoparticles production process, we used a pump-probe system, consisting of femtosecond pulses (pump) and white light (probe), which allows the observation of the plasmon band enhancement and hence the nanoparticles formation dynamics. The results obtained by Fourier Transform limited pulses have shown that the nanoparticles formation is due to the nonlinear ionization of chitosan, which is related to hydroxyl group oxidation to the carbonyl group. Transmission electron microscopy measurements provided the sizes (20-100 nm) and shapes (spheres, pyramids, hexagons, rods, etc.) of the produced nanoparticles. Moreover, our results revealed that ionization is initiated by multiphoton absorption, more specifically by four photons absorption. Using pulses shaped with constant, step and cossenoidal (with different frequencies) spectral phase masks, we investigated their influence in the nanoparticles formation. We conclude that longer pulses are more favorable to the ionization process and, consequently, to the gold ions reduction for the synthesis of the metallic nanoparticles. This behavior is probably due to the redistribution of the absorbed energy to the vibrational modes, which is more likely for longer pulses. Therefore, the approach presented here can open new ways to produce metallic nanoparticles, which can be further explored from applied and fundamental points of view.

Ville et musiques amplifiées sont intimement liées, ainsi l’étude d’une scène artistique peut éclairer le fonctionnement d’un système métropolitain et les enjeux liés aux recompositions des territoires. Cette thèse a pour objectif de le montrer au regard de l’exemple toulousain. Toulouse représente une scène riche et diversifiée, constituée d’un fourmillement d’initiatives associatives, dont les activités révèlent des logiques multiples d’ancrage au territoire, sans cesse renouvelées. L’exploitation d’une série de plusieurs enquêtes de terrain menées auprès des acteurs de la scène locale conduit à décrypter les rouages du territoire des musiques amplifiées. Ces acteurs investissent des lieux, se structurent en réseaux, impulsent des dynamiques territoriales spécifiques… Ils offrent une entrée originale pour aider à comprendre les mutations socio-spatiales et engager une réflexion sur l’implication citoyenne dans la vie de la cité. / City and amplified music are closely intertwined, thereby the study of an artistic scene can shed light on the working of a metropolitan system and the issues related to territorial recomposition. This thesis aims to show it under the example of Toulouse. Toulouse is a rich and diverse scene, consisting of a swarm of association initiatives that reveal multiple logical territorial ties, constantly renewed. The use of several field surveys conducted with actors from the local scene allows us to decipher the workings of the amplified music's domain. These actors gather into places, are structured in networks, spurring specific territorial dynamics. They offer an innovative input to help understand the socio-spatial transformation and reflect on citizen involvement in civic life.

The objective of this study was to identify DNA markers for each of six added C-genome chromosomes in Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Alceso'-Aegilops caudata L. addition lines using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. DNA from Ae. caudata, T. aestivum, amphiploid of T. aestivum X Ae. caudata, and six disomic addition lines of wheat having a pair of Ae. caudata chromosomes was used as the template for the amplification of RAPD markers with a total of 58 random 10-mer oligonucleotide primers. Two primers, OPC-08 and OPJ-16, produced one intense band each from the amphiploid of T. aestivum X Ae. caudata and Ae. caudata, which was absent in all six addition lines. Each of these two primers produced a chromosome marker that could be tentatively located to the chromosome CA of Ae. caudata. OPJ-02, OPD-12, OPD-02, OPJ-12, OPD-20, and OPJ-14 produced a marker each for CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, and CG, respectively. OPJ-09 produced C-genome chromosome-specific RAPD markers. Also, OPC-05 and OPJ-19 produced RAPDs from both wheat and Ae. caudata genomes.

Free-electron lasers (FELs) are among the world's most intense artificial artificial sources of coherent light and are tunable to various wavelengths, including the X-ray spectrum. X-ray FELs (XFELs) are extremely useful for diffraction experiments to study molecules, materials, and quantum systems. A FEL consists of an electron accelerator and a structure of magnets called an undulator. The undulator has a periodic magnetic field, and when an electron beam passes through the undulator, the Lorentz force forces the electrons to oscillate and emit what is known asspontaneous undulator radiation. Initially, the undulator radiation is spontaneously emitted and incoherent. However, aAs the electrons interact with this initial spontaneous undulator radiation, they change their relative positions and form micro-bunches of electrons. These microbunches are shorter than the undulator radiation wavelength. Hence, the waves emitted by the electrons from the same microbunch arethey become in phase, meaning the radiation is now coherent with the radiation field, and the state of coherence develops. This process is known as self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). Due to the coherence, tThe radiation intensity grows exponentially along the undulator, forming several peaks in the radiation pulse known as SASE spikes. One technique for obtaining ultra-short laser pulses is to isolate single SASE spikes by controlling where, along the electron beam, the SASE spikes can grow. This growth limitation is archieved by modulating the electron energies, thus only allowing electrons at specific positions along the electron beam to radiate. In addition, to keep positive interference between undulator radiation from electrons with different energies, the energy modulation must be compensated with a gradient of the magnetic field amplitude of the undulator, so-called tapering. There are plans to implement this technique at one of the beamlines at the European X-ray FEL (EuXFEL) to generate attosecond X-ray pulses and study quantum systems. One goal of the design process is to choose design parameters for the electron beam's modulation amplitude and the undulator's tapering coefficient. These design parameters shall be chosen so that the XFEL will have as short pulse duration as possible while at the same time not getting too low peak power. This thesis aims to study the effect of electron energy modulation and undulator tapering on the SASE and how the modulation amplitude and the tapering coefficient affect the XFEL's peak power and pulse duration. A model was developed to simulate SASE with a modulated electron beam in a tapered undulator. With this model, a parameter scan gave the average peak power and pulse duration as functions of the modulation amplitude and the tapering coefficient. The parameter scan showed that the peak power and the pulse duration decrease as the modulation amplitude and the tapering coefficient increase. Therefore, a trade-off exists between high peak power and short pulse duration. It was possible to exclude sets of the parameters that gave too low peak power or long pulse duration. This study also found an optimum range for the tapering coefficient where the peak power had a local maximum without a significant increase in pulse duration. The physics behind this optimal tapering coefficient is also discussed in connection to the electrons' energy modulation.