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The blind community is extremely diverse with different ranges and types of visual impairment. Some of those who identify as blind can see colors, some can see depth, and some see nothing at all, and most develop blindness over time or due to an indecent, rather than being born with it. "Dwelling in Braille" strives to be a community where people who have developed blindness can live and learn to adjust with their impairment. The overall form explores the architectural concept of expansion and contraction, creating a sense of space that can be observed with sound and material rather than sight alone. The spaces within utilize floor materials of varying firmness and finish to help tell the user what kind of space they are in. To aide in wayfinding, there is a channel that houses a system of modular, tactile pavers that tell the user what destination they are traveling to by running their seeing stick over them. This creates a sound, a rhythm, that is both felt and herd. "Dwelling in Braille" also provides amenities such as office space both for leasing and trained professionals to help new residents, a gym, lounge spaces, a rooftop terrace and a flexible space that can hold resident gatherings, lunches and other events. In addition to the rooftop space, there is an outdoor space on the ground floor of the western side of the project that allows users to interact with space other than their own unit and walk their service animals. Its site was specifically chosen as a location that provides several amenities for all users as it provides metro and bus access, pharmacies, grocery stores, and restaurants all within a short walk. / Master of Architecture / "Dwelling in Braille" is a new, transitional living community for the blind and recently blind and their families. It provides numerous amenities such as sensory spaces, on site assistants, outdoor spaces for tenants and their animals, a gym, event space and a rooftop terrace. The public spaces within the building feature an innovative and modifiable system of tactile pavers, that allow users of all visual capabilities to navigate safely and with confidence around the project. Each residential unit also has a tactile floor, alternating between concrete and an acoustic wooden floor that helps residents hear and feel their space. Located in Rosslyn, Virginia, "Dwelling in Braille" is within walking distance to plenty of necessary retailers including Target, Safeway, CVS, countless dining locations and a central metro and bus hub. In the spring, summer and fall months there is a regular farmer's market and book fair, in addition to several parks. Washington, D.C., Reagan National Airport and Old Town, Alexandria are all easily accessible in under twenty minutes by car. This community aims to teach, unite, and support individuals of all types of visual impairment and their families and friends.

Yes / Since the introduction of the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2001), academic libraries have been obliged to provide accessible texts for users who find printed works a barrier. Print-impairment can occur for a range of reasons including visual impairment, specific learning difficulties and motor difficulties, and affects 10-15% of the European population (Hilderley 2013). For many students, reasonable adjustment has involved the provision of texts in alternative formats (alt-texts) on a case-by-case basis for individual students. ... In 2013, the University of Bradford library employed a graduate intern to conduct a pilot audit of the accessibility of online resources ... In the summer of 2014, a revised and expanded audit was undertaken by frontline library staff.

Orientador: Carlos Roberto Silveira Correa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T22:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bonello_AndreiaAparecidadeLucaMoore_M.pdf: 808299 bytes, checksum: 5b5c7c21c0b651df8d36ebdeb18c8766 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o acesso aos serviços básicos de saúde, identificando fatores associados a essa dimensão a partir das manifestações da população. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, envolvendo 101 famílias residentes na área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde Américo Bertão, Jardim Eldorado, Cordeirópolis, selecionadas por amostragem aleatória simples, a partir do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de entrevista individual, utilizando um questionário semiestruturado. Foi incluído na pesquisa um morador com 18 anos ou mais de cada família que compôs a amostra. A variável resposta foi a informação do entrevistado referente à procura da unidade de saúde como primeira opção, quando alguém na família precisa de atendimento de saúde. As variáveis independentes investigadas foram aspectos da oferta de serviços (sócio-organizacional e geográfico) e características demográficas; socioeconômicas; morbidades; uso da unidade de saúde nos últimos seis meses e comportamento dos indivíduos e da população com influência no acesso e no uso dos serviços de saúde. Além da análise descritiva, a análise univariada foi realizada por meio da razão de Chances, ou do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (?2), ou do teste exato de Ficher. A regressão logística binária foi aplicada na análise multivariada. O resultado encontrado mostra que a maior parte dos moradores entrevistados (76.2%) referiu procurar a unidade de saúde como primeira opção. O modelo final da regressão logística aponta que a naturalidade "ter nascido no Estado de São Paulo" (OR=0.146 IC95%=0.045-0.476), o uso da unidade de saúde "ter usado a unidade" (OR=5.594 IC95%=1.443-21.695), a microárea de residência "residir na microárea 2" (OR=10.918 IC95%=1.495-79.726) e a classificação do atendimento da unidade de saúde "ter classificado o atendimento como bom" (OR=3.224 IC95%=1.002-10.378) são os fatores associados à variável resposta. Esses achados indicam que os moradores com maior chance de procurar a unidade de saúde, como primeira opção, são os que nasceram fora do Estado de São Paulo, os que usaram a unidade de saúde nos últimos seis meses, os que residem na microárea dois e os que classificam de forma positiva o atendimento da unidade. Este trabalho mostra que a forma com que a população concebe e interpreta o serviço de saúde desempenha importante influência no acesso a ele. Essa percepção pode se basear nas experiências vivenciadas com o serviço de saúde, mas pode também ser fortemente modulada por aspectos individuais e fatores ligados ao território onde moram, pois o território é o espaço do acontecer solidário, que gera uso de diferentes naturezas as quais pressupõem coexistências e um espaço geográfico / Abstract: This work aimed to study access to basic health services, identifying factors associated with this dimension from the manifestations of the population. This is a cross-sectional study population-based, involving 101 families residing in the area covered by the Health Unit Americo Bertão, Garden Eldorado, Cordeirópolis, selected by simple random sampling from the Information System of Care. The study was conducted through individual interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was included in the survey with a resident 18 years or more for each family who composed the sample. The response variable was the respondent's information regarding the search for unity of health as the first option, when someone in the family needs health care. The independent variables were investigated aspects of service provision (social, organizational and geographic) and demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, use of the health unit in the last six months and behavior of individuals and people with influence in the access and use of services of health. In addition to descriptive analysis, univariate analysis was performed using the odds ratio, or the chi-square test (?2) test or the exact form, the binary logistic regression was applied in the multivariate analysis. The results show that most residents interviewed (76.2%) reported seeking health unit as the first option. The final logistic regression model shows that the natural "was born in São Paulo" (OR = 0146 = 95% 0045-0476), the use of the health care "have used the unit" (OR = 5594 = 95% 1443-21695), the microarea of residence "live in the microarea 2" (OR = 10,918 95% CI = 1495-79726) and the classification of care of the health unit "has ranked the service as good" (OR 3224 = 1002 = 95% -10,378) are factors associated with the response variable.These findings indicate that residents are more likely to seek health unit as the first option, are those born outside the State of Sao Paulo, who used the clinic in the last six months, residing in the micro area and two classifying a positive care unit. This work shows that the way the public sees and interprets the health service has an important influence on access to it. This perception may be based on experiences with the health service, but can also be strongly modulated by individual aspects and factors related to the territory where they live, because the territory is the space of solidarity happenings, which generates different nature and use of which presuppose coexistence and a geographic area / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

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This thesis looks at the study of accessibility and the role that attitudes and perceptions, based on place and socioeconomic standing, play in determining individual accessibility. The link between accessibility through public transportation systems and sustainable cities and the problems of designing these systems with equity in mind are presented. A framework based on current theory related to accessibility and the effect of perceptions on individual accessibility is developed to investigate if there is a relationship between place of residence, socioeconomics and attitudes towards bus travel and perceptions of accessibility. Surveying through a self-administered questionnaire is used as a method to test if relationships do, in fact, exist. Rosengård and Limhamn, two disparate areas of Malmö, Sweden are chosen as study areas. Relationships between place and attitudes towards bus travel are found to be weak or non-existent, with only concerns of bus wait times and timeliness in reaching one’s destination testing as having a significant relationship to place of residence. Bus users’ perceptions of accessibility are also found to be independent of place of residence. This suggests that the bus provides for satisfactory accessibility in Malmö regardless of place of residence and socioeconomic background.

This dissertation examines the culture and climate of disabled people and the disability community within society and the engineering field and the experience of disabled students in higher education. The theoretical lenses utilized is the Technology Acceptance Model which emphasizes the importance of end user's perspectives, and the Social Model of Disability which sees the world and society as disabling rather than the imposition of disability on a person. The perception of disability in engineering is examined through the use of a systematic literature review within Chapter 3 by comparing general engineering academic literature and engineering education literature housed within the American Society of Engineering Education national database. Chapter 4 of this dissertation quantitatively examines the digital accessibility landscape of learning management systems utilized within engineering and engineering related courses that first and second year engineering students are required to take. Finally, Chapter 5 utilized a mixed method approach to examine disabled and non-disabled engineering students' perspectives on the usability of their Learning Management System within their engineering courses. The second part of this research study utilizes individual design interviews to have students redesign their Canvas experiences such that it minimizes digital accessibility barriers. Chapter 6 details tangible digital accessibility recommendations for developers, designers, and instructors/content managers. These recommendations are based on the results within the previous chapters of this dissertation. / Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation examines the culture and climate of disabled people and the disability community within society and the engineering field and the experience of disabled students in higher education. The research presented is understood by looking at disability as not a detriment to the individual and is imposed by society. Chapter 3 talks about how disabled people are and are not included within the engineering field. It compares a more general engineering academic literature with engineering education academic literature from American Society of Engineering Education national proceedings. The second study researches the accessibility of engineering and engineering related course websites from a higher education institution. This research shows the most common digital accessibility errors that are found along with the types of web pages that have the most accessibility errors. Finally, the third study researches the digital accessibility barriers encountered by disabled and nondisabled engineering students. These results are broken down by the specific disability that was disclosed by the participant. Chapter 6 details tangible digital accessibility recommendations for developers, designers, and instructors/content managers. These recommendations are based on the results within the previous chapters of this dissertation.

Limitations of patent protection in pharmaceutical industry with regards to the access to medicine problem The goal of this master thesis is for the reader to gain a general overview about the legislation in the area of European pharmaceutical patent law and also about medicines accessibility problems that come with the patent protection in this area. In the beginning we present relevant legal regulation with the focus on the TRIPS, as this international treaty is the source of patent protection exemption that is focal to this thesis. Later the paper addresses patentability requirements while the most of attention is given to specifics that are typical for pharmaceutical industry. This thesis further analyses two important concerns standing against each other. These being the protection of intellectual property rights where it identifies its origins and practical importance; and concern over right to health, which constitutes a legal reasoning for better accessibility efforts. In this thesis we identify lack of accessibility in various forms, which can present either as inaccessibility due to high prices or not even existent treatment, while both this problems might have more causes. These causes may and may not stem from the current patent system. That is why we further analyse current measures...

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2009. / Background Primary Health Care is a basic mechanism that brings healthcare as close as possible to the people. In South Africa, it is seen as a cost effective means of improving the health of the population. It is provided free of charge by the government. This service should be accessible to the population so as to meet the millennium health goals. Aims The aims and objectives of the study were: • To investigate whether Primary Health Care services were accessible to the communities of Tshwane Region. • To determine the utilization of the health care services in the three Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region. Methodology Data were collected at the three Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region using self-administered questionnaires. A document review of the Community Health Care centres records was conducted to investigate the utilization trends of services. Descriptive statistics were used. The analysis was based on the information that was elicited from the questionnaires that the people who utilize the Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region provided. The extracted data emanating from the records from the three centres were also used. Results The study demonstrated that in terms of distance, the Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region are accessible as most participants lived within 5km. They traveled 30 minutes or less to the clinic. The taxi and walking was the most common form used to access the clinic. The services were utilized with the Tuberculosis clinic being the most visited. Generally, people were satisfied with the service and their health needs are met. Conclusion The Community Health Care centres of Tshwane Region are accessible and utilized effectively. Key words: Primary Health Care, accessibility, utilization.

Usability of E-government Taipei City Web Accessibility for the Visually Impaired Persons (Blind) By Yi Yee Goh This is an empirical research on e-government web accessibility exclusively for visual impaired persons, in particular for blind people in Taipei, Taiwan. Universal access is an important telecommunication concept in the information age, aiming to eliminate the digital divide. Persons with disabilities are one of the most disadvantaged groups that suffer from the digital divide. Web accessibility for this group therefore is important in the discussion of universal access. Although there has been a growing concern in related studies in the fields of web technologies, policies and end users, still, the difficulties for disabled persons, especially for visually impaired persons, remains. Narrowing down the focus to the usability of web content, with the evaluation tools of the International Web Accessibility guidelines on Web design, this paper suggests what the web designers of e-government city websites, should attend to when designing Web pages which in turn could be presented as a model for the other websites. The purpose of the present study is to determine the implementation of the guidelines to web content and what criteria might be missing from the international guidelines when websites are designed for Taiwanese Internet users. Keywords: Web accessibility