Thesis (MEdPsig)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research in this qualitative study focuses on the role of the Educational Psychologist in facilitating inclusion of a learner with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The international movement towards inclusive education, with emphasis on the inclusion of all learners irrespective of their special needs in mainstream schools, gained momentum in the South African context with the announcement of Education White Paper 6, Special Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training system. More learners with FAS are accommodated in mainstream schools and research has indicated that most cases of FAS in the world prevailed in the Western Cape. FAS is one of the leading causes of mental retardation and the challenges which the inclusion of learners with FAS pose to those who have to facilitate inclusive education, has urged this study. The study seeks to explore the role of the Educational Psychologist in the process of facilitating inclusion of a learner with FAS. An eco-systemic approach underpins the study. A single learner with FAS within the context of the family and education system was chosen by means of purposive sampling as the focus of a qualitative, case study. The eco-systemic approach makes it possible to explore special needs in terms of intrinsic factors (within the learner) and extrinsic factors (within the system) in order to address the needs of the system. Semistructured interviews were held with respondents from different levels of the eco-system in which the learner functions. A review of personal records and field notes were used to gather information related to the education and learning process. The data were analysed using aspects of content analyses. Four themes emerged: support to the learner, support to the school, support to the parents and support to the school community. The findings indicated that the inclusion of learners with FAS predicts a change and an expansion in the role of the educational psychologist. Early identification, early intervention and a multi-functional team approach seem to improve the long-term prognoses of learners with FAS. The facilitation of inclusive education for learners with FAS poses a challenge to the educational psychologist to render individual support, but also to provide support in a holistic systemic manner, focusing on those who work and live with the individual learners. The learning, behaviour and developmental barriers which learners with FAS may experience were highlighted with the hope to guide those who work with these learners. Several positive and negative factors were indicated and recommendations were made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie fokus op die rol van die Opvoedkundige Sielkundige in die fasilitering van inklusiewe onderwys aan 'n leerder met Fetale Alkohol Sindroom (FAS). Die internasionale beweging na inklusiewe onderwys, wat die insluiting van alle leerders, ongeag hulle spesiale behoeftes, by hoofstroomskole onderskryf, het ook in Suid-Afrika neerslag gevind met die uitreiking van die Onderwys Witskrif 6, Special Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System. Meer leerders met FAS word by hoofstroomskole ingesluit en navorsing het getoon dat die voorkomssyfer van FAS in die Wes-Kaap die hoogste ter wêreld is. Die feit dat FAS tans een van die vernaamste oorsake van verstandelike gestremdheid is, en die uitdagings wat die insluiting van leerders met FAS aan diegene wat inklusiewe onderwys moet fasiliteer bied, het hierdie navorsingsondersoek genoop. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n in diepte ondersoek te doen na die rol van die Opvoedkundige Sielkundige in die fasilitering van inklusiewe onderwys aan 'n leerder met FAS. 'n Ekosistemiese benadering het die teoretiese raamwerk van die studie gevorm. 'n Enkele leerder met FAS is binne die konteks van sy familie en die onderwyssisteem, met behulp van doelgerigte steekproefneming, gekies om die fokus van die kwalitatiewe gevallestudie te vorm. Die ekosistemiese benadering maak dit moontlik om spesiale behoeftes ten opsigte van faktore wat primêr by die leerder (intrinsiek) voorkom, sowel as faktore wat in die sisteem (ekstrinsiek) voorkom, te ondersoek en te verseker dat die behoeftes van die sisteem aangespreek word. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met respondente uit die verskillende vlakke van die ekosisteem waarbinne die leerder funksioneer. 'n Oorsig van persoonlike rekords en verslae asook veldnotas is gebruik om inligting oor die leerder, die onderrig en die leerposes te bekom. Inhouds-analise is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Vier temas het uit die data na vore gekom, naamlik: ondersteuning aan die leerder, ondersteuning aan die skool, ondersteuning aan die ouers en ondersteuning aan die skoolgemeenskap. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die insluiting van 'n leerder met FAS 'n roluitbreiding en 'n veranderende rol vir die Opvoedkundige Sielkunde in die vooruitsig stel. Vroeë identifikasie, vroeë intervensie en 'n multi-funksionele spanbenadering kan die langtermyn prognose van leerders met FAS verbeter. Die rol wat die Opvoedkundige Sielkundige op die verskillende vlakke van die ekosisteem kan speel, ten einde inklusiewe onderwys aan 'n leerder met FAS te fasiliteer, lê opgesluit in die mate waarin geïndividualiseerde, maar tog ook holisties omvattende ondersteuning aan diegene wat met hierdie leerders werk, gelewer kan word. Uit die bevindinge het suksesvolle en minder suksesvolle aspekte duidelik geword. Dit het daartoe bygedra dat die leer-, gedrag- en ontwikkelingshindernisse, sowel as die sterkpunte van die leerder met FAS, duidelik geword het en wenke vir toekomstige gebruik verbesonder kon word. Op grond van die bevindinge en aan die hand van literatuur is aanbevelings gemaak.

One hundred persons applying for services with the Texas Rehabilitation Commission with reported disabilities of alcohol/substance abuse or back injury/pain were selected for study. Subjects were assigned to two groups (alcohol or back) according to their reported disability. They were tested within one week of application and after 60 days were checked to see what rehabilitation status they were in to determine success or failure. Alcohol clients were administered the Health Attribution Test (HAT), 16PF, and an Alcohol Imagery questionnaire developed for this study. Back clients were administered the HAT, 16PF, and Pain Drawings. Statistical procedures including Pearson correlation, stepwise discriminant analysis, and discriminant analysis were performed. The HAT Internal Factor showed a significant relationship to rehabilitation success or failure and the 16PF motivation indices approached significance. The discriminant analysis demonstrated that success or failure could be predicted at a significant level using these measures. Issues of practicality in using these instruments (particularly imagery measures) in a rehabilitation counseling practice were noted.

8 HANZLOVSKÝ, Michal. Vplyv užívania psychoaktívnych látok na pracovné správanie : psychická vulnerabilita k alkoholovej závislosti u manažérov. Diplomová práca. Praha: Univerzita Karlova v Praze. Filozofická fakulta. Katedra psychologie, 2011. 104 s. Vedúci diplomovej práce Doc. PhDr. Milan Rymeš, CSc. Abstract The presented thesis focuses on the topic of psychoactive substance addictions in terms of work and organisational psychology. Specifically, we introduce these issues of dependence with people in managerial positions, and their impact on work-related functions and leadership. Besides the principal clinical contexts of addictions as biopsychosocial issues, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the problems of stress and mental vulnerability of managers to alcohol dependency with an emphasis to problems of alcohol at the workplace. The practical part of the paper presents a screening of alcohol abuse on the sample of Czech managers. Key words: alcohol, alcohol abuse, psychoactive substance, addiction, manager, stress, mental vulnerability

Bakgrund: Patienter med drog- och alkoholmissbruk riskerar många komplikationer till följd av missbruket. Missbruket leder till många dödsfall varje år och är en stor kostnad för samhället. Patienter med missbruksproblematik upplever att de behandlas orättvist i omvårdnaden. Sjuksköterskor anser att omvårdnaden av den här patientgruppen är komplex. Syfte: Syftet är att sammanställa forskning om sjuksköterskors inställning och upplevelser av att vårda patienter med drog- och alkoholmissbruk inom både somatisk och psykiatrisk vård. Metod: En litteraturstudie, med 16 vetenskapliga artiklar, 12 med kvalitativ metod och fyra med kvantitativ metod. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i olika kategorier som var: ”Att vara osäker”, ”Att känna sig otillräcklig”, ”Att känna sig inkompetent i sin roll”, ”Att kommunicera med patienten” samt ”Att vara ensam eller i team”. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde svårigheter i omvårdnaden med den här patientgruppen. Kunskapsbrist beskrevs i samband med omvårdnaden samt känslor som ångest och stress. En del relationer mellan sjuksköterska och patient baserades på misstro och några sjuksköterskor uttryckte en vilja att förbättra omvårdnaden med den här patientgruppen. Slutsats: Utifrån denna litteraturstudie kan slutsatsen dras att sjuksköterskor kan uppleva brister i omvårdnaden av patienter med drog- och alkoholmissbruk. Bristerna visar sig genom osäkerhet, otillräcklighet, känsla av inkompetens, i kommunikationen med patienten och samverkan i teamet. Utbildning, kunskap, samverkan och engagemang visar sig vara viktiga faktorer som kan påverka kvaliteten på omvårdnaden av den här patientgruppen. Det innebär således att det finns ytterligare behov av att utveckla både kunskapsläget och rutinerna när det kommer till denna typ av vård. / Background: Patients with drug- and alcohol abuse risk various complications related to the misuse. Drug- and alcohol abuse leads to a high yearly rate of death and an important social cost. Patients with drug- and alcohol abuse experience that they are treated unfairly in the care. Nurses consider the nursing care of this patient group to be complex. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences in the care for patients with drug- and alcohol abuse, both in somatic and psychiatric wards. Method: A literature review including 16 scientific articles, 12 with qualitative method, 4 with quantitative method. Results: The result is presented in different themes: “To be unsure”, “To feel inadequate”, “To feel incompetent”, “To communicate with the patient” and “To work alone vs in a team”. The nurses experienced difficulties in the care. A lack of knowledge was described and also emotions like anxiety and stress. Many relationships were based on distrust. Some of the nurses expressed a will to ameliorate the care for this patient group. Conclusion: The conclusion of this literature review is that nurses can experience deficits in the care of patients with drug- and alcohol abuse. The deficits manifest through insecurity, insufficiency, a sense of incapacity, in the communication with the patient and in the interplay inside the team. Education, knowledge, teamwork and commitment show to be important factors that can affect the quality of the care for this patient group. This implies that there are additional needs to evolve the knowledge and routines concerning this type of care.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur socialarbetares arbete med klienter som harmissbruksproblematik ser ut. I studien används kvalitativ metod för att uppnå syftet genom attintervjua sju verksamma socialarbetare med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer.Socialarbetare berättar om sina upplevelser av arbetet och beskriver bland annat hur detformella arbetet ser ut, men redogör även för samverkan med andra aktörer samt deras syn påmissbruk, förhållningssätt gentemot klienter med mera. Intervjuerna har transkriberats ochanalyserats med hjälp av relevant forskning och teorier. Teorierna som tillämpas är Honnethsteori om erkännande, nyinstitutionell teori samt Goffmans teori om intrycksstyrning. Studiensresultat visar att de organisatoriska förutsättningarna och villkoren ser liknande ut försocialarbetare mellan de ingående kommuner. Det förekommer dock skillnader gällandeuppföljning och utvärdering av insatser. Vidare har majoriteten av intervjuade socialarbetareen bred och nyanserad bild av missbruksproblematiken och dess orsaker. Majoriteten menaratt psykisk ohälsa kan vara den största orsaken till missbruk. Det påpekas även brister isamverkan, vilket socialarbetare menar behöver åtgärdas. Vidare påvisar studiens resultat ettvisst mönster gällande kommunernas storlek och styrningen av arbetet. I de mindrekommunerna förekommer det tätare kontakt med klienter och det administrativa arbetetdominerar inte det dagliga arbetet i samma utsträckning som i den kommunen som är störsttill storlek. / The aim of this study is to examine how social workers' work with clients with substanceabuse. Qualitative methods are used to achieve the purpose of the study, by interviewingseven active social workers with the help of semi-structured interviews. Social workers talkabout their experiences of the work and describe for instance how the formal work looks like,but also report on cooperation with other authorities, their views on alcohol and-drug abuse,their attitudes towards the client etcetera. The interviews have been transcribed and analysedusing Honneths theory of recognition, the New Institutional theory and Goffman's theory ofimpression management. The conclusion of the study is for example that the organizationalconditions are similar in all municipalities. However, there are differences regardingmonitoring and evaluation of interventions. Furthermore, the majority of interviewed socialworkers have extended view of the substance abuse problem and its causes. The majoritybelieve that mental illness can be the main cause of alcohol and-drug abuse. Weaknesses incooperation with other authorities are also pointed out, which social workers mean need to beimproved. The study's results demonstrate a certain pattern regarding the size of themunicipalities and the prevailing work management. In the smaller municipalities, there ismore frequent contact with clients and the administrative work does not dominate the dailywork to the same extent as in the municipality that is the largest in size.

Tidigare forskning gällande barn som vuxit upp med föräldrar med psykisk sjukdom/ohälsa eller missbruksproblematik har till stor del fokuserat på negativa aspekter. Syftet med denna studie var att genom fyra självbiografier undersöka individuella faktorer som kan bidra till en positiv utveckling, hos barn som vuxit upp med någon vuxen med psykisk sjukdom och/eller alkoholmissbruk. Studiens frågeställningar rörde vilka individuella egenskaper som bidragit till välmående i vuxenlivet, om några av dessa är gemensamma mellan författarna samt minnen från barndomen som kan relateras till anknytning. Studiens teoretiska grund bestod av anknytningsteori samt resiliens, för att undersöka anknytningens betydelse för dessa barn samt hur motståndskraft kan utvecklas hos dessa barn enligt teori och forskning. Studiens resultat visade på flertalet individuella och gemensamma faktorer hos författarna samt de minnen som kunde relateras till anknytning. Resultatet analyserades genom tematisk analys, vilket härledde 4 teman: skyddsnät, anknytning, individens karaktär samt strategier för att överleva. / Previous research about children who have grown up with parents with mental illness and/or abuse has largely focused on negative aspects. The aim of this study was to through four autobiographies, examine individual factors that can contribute to a positive development, in children who have grown up with any adult with mental illness and / or alcohol abuse. The questions of the study concerned which individual characteristics contributed to well-being in adulthood, if some of these are common between the authors and memories of childhood that can be related to attachment. The theoretical foundation of the study consisted of attachment theory and resilience, in order to investigate the importance of the attachment for the children and how resistance can be developed in these children according to theory and research. The results of the study showed the majority of individual and common factors among the authors and the memories that could be related to the connection. The results were analyzed by thematic analysis, which derived 4 themes: safety net, connection, individual character and strategies for survival.

Thesis (M.A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2007 / Refer to the document

Background Among adolescents and young adults with DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUDs), there are inter-individual differences in the speed of transition from initial alcohol use (AU) to AUD. AUDs are highly co-morbid with other mental disorders. The factors associated with rapid transition from first AU to AUD remain unknown and the role of mental disorders in rapid transitions is unclear. Given this background we examined (1) whether prior anxiety, mood, externalizing and non-alcohol substance use disorders are related to the risk and speed of transition from first AU to DSM-IV alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) whether early age of onset of prior mental disorders (PMDs) is a promoter of rapid transition. Method A total of 3021 community subjects (97.7% lifetime AU) aged 14–24 years at baseline were followed up prospectively for up to 10 years. AU and mental disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Results Among subjects with lifetime AU, several PMDs, such as specific phobia, bipolar disorder and nicotine dependence, were associated with an increased risk of AUD independent of externalizing disorders. Associations of PMDs with the speed of transition to AUDs were mostly weak and inconsistent. Only social phobia and externalizing disorders were associated with faster transitions to AD even after adjustment for other PMDs. Earlier age of onset of PMD was not associated with rapid transition. Conclusions Mental disorders are associated with the risk of AUD. With the possible exception of social phobia and externalizing disorders, they do not promote rapid transition, even if they occur particularly early. Future research needs to identify factors relevant to rapid transition to AUD.

I vårt samhälle informeras det frekvent om alkohol och dess effekter på vår population. Nya forskningsrön gällande alkohol uppkommer med jämna mellanrum, men sällan rör dessa den äldre befolkningen. Samtidigt visar socialstyrelsen att en ny generation äldre med förändrade alkoholvanor växer fram, vilka tar med sig sina vanor in i pensionsåldern. I vår studie har vi valt att lägga fokus på alkoholbruk bland den äldre befolkningen, och i arbetet har vi valt att rikta oss till personal på äldreboenden. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur alkoholkonsumtionen bland de boende bemöts och hanteras av vårdpersonal, detta i kombination med att äldres riskbruk tenderar att öka. För att få svar på våra problemformuleringar har vi genomfört en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Urvalet bestod av sex vårdpersonal, varav fem av dessa var undersköterskor. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten har legat till grund för utformningen av intervjuerna, samt våra funna resultat. Utifrån utsagor från intervjuerna fann vi ut fyra teman som rör vårt syfte och problemformuleringar: en bild av konsumtionen, självbestämmande och livskvalitet, svårhanterliga situationer, samt skilda upplevelser. Med hjälp av dessa teman analyserade vi de resultat som bland annat visar på brist på utbildning gällande alkoholrelaterade frågor, mycket fokus på självbestämmande men även maktmissbruk. / In our society we are frequently informed about alcohol and its effects on our population. New research findings regarding alcohol occur at regular intervals, but they rarely involve the elderly. At the same time, the social board to a new generation of older people with changing consumption patterns emerge, who tend to bring their habits into the years of retirement. In our study, we chose to focus on alcohol use among the elderly, and in this work we have chosen to find information through the nursing staff at geriatric care. The aim of the study is to investigate how alcohol consumption among the residents is treated and handled by nursing staff, this combined with that the alcohol consumption that is bordering on abuse is increasing amongst the elderly. In order to properly answer this, we have conducted qualitative interviews. The selection consisted of six nursing staff. The theoretical starting point has been the basis for the design of the interviews and the results we found. Based on statements from the interviews we found four themes related to our purpose and problem formulations: a picture of consumption, self-determination and quality of life, cumbersome situations, and different experiences. With the help of these themes, we analyzed the results that among other things show the low level of education concerning alcohol in elder care, a lot of focus on self-determination, but also abuse of power.

In 1996 Francois Bloemhof's teenage fiction, Slinger-slinger, was a prize-winner in the beginners' category of the Sanlam competition for fiction for youth. The book was acclaimed because of the open manner in which the author wrote about sensitive themes such as hetero- and homosexuality, promiscuity, divorce, incest, tense family relationships, and drug and alcohol abuse. The main theme of Slinger-slinger is teenage sexual aspects, such as the sexual awakening and identity of teenagers. In 1998 a sensation was caused in the media as upset parents, teachers and other adults protested against the inclusion of Slinger-slinger in the ATKV's Children's Book Award, category 13-15 years of age. Two conflicting opinions about Slingerslinger could be distinguished: one group was of the opinion that the sexual theme and strong language were not suited for teenage fiction, while the other group was of the opinion that teenagers needed to read about realistic themes to prepare them for the real world. No comments were published about the opinions of the supposed readers, namely teenagers. Steenberg (1988:168-172), Van der Westhuizen (1989:5-7) and Van Zyl (1990:17) wrote that teenagers read to fulfil their needs. Teenagers' reading needs are directly connected to their emotional, cognitive and physical developmental stages. The aim of the study The aim of this study is firstly to evaluate Slinger-slinger according to the elements of the reader study model to determine whether it addresses the reading needs and interests of teenage readers; and secondly to ascertain whether teenagers liked Slinger-slinger. Research procedures and methodology A study of the literature was done in order to determine the reading needs and developmental tasks of teenagers, and the role that teenage fiction can play in their development to adulthood. Together with this background study, an evaluation model, containing story elements viewed from a reader study perspective, as well as criteria for the evaluation of the handling of sexual aspects in teenage fiction, was developed to determine whether Slinger-slinger is successful teenage fiction. In the empirical study the above-mentioned evaluation model for teenage fiction were applied to Slinger-slinger. In the second part of the empirical study a questionnaire was compiled to obtain the opinions of teenage readers about the success of Slinger-slinger as a whole, as well as the success of the handling of the sexual aspects. The questionnaire also served to obtain information about the reading needs of teenage readers in regard to realistic teenage fiction and teenage fiction with a sexual theme. Conclusion It is concluded that Francois Bloemhof's Slinger-slinger succeeds as realistic teenage fiction because it answers to the reading needs of teenage readers. Bloemhof succeeded in his handling of the sexual aspects in Slinger-slinger an in doing so fulfils teenager's reading and information needs, and thus assists them on their way to maturity. The questionnaire ascertained that the teenage readers who participated in the study were of the opinion that Slinger-slinger is a successful and interesting teenage book, and that they would like to read more realistic Afrikaans teenage fiction such as Slinger-slinger. / Thesis (M.Bibl.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002.