In 1996 Francois Bloemhof's teenage fiction, Slinger-slinger, was a prize-winner in the beginners' category of the Sanlam competition for fiction for youth. The book was acclaimed because of the open manner in which the author wrote about sensitive themes such as hetero- and homosexuality, promiscuity, divorce, incest, tense family relationships, and drug and alcohol abuse. The main theme of Slinger-slinger is teenage sexual aspects, such as the sexual awakening and identity of teenagers. In 1998 a sensation was caused in the media as upset parents, teachers and other adults protested against the inclusion of Slinger-slinger in the ATKV's Children's Book Award, category 13-15 years of age. Two conflicting opinions about Slingerslinger could be distinguished: one group was of the opinion that the sexual theme and strong language were not suited for teenage fiction, while the other group was of the opinion that teenagers needed to read about realistic themes to prepare them for the real world. No comments were published about the opinions of the supposed readers, namely teenagers. Steenberg (1988:168-172), Van der Westhuizen (1989:5-7) and Van Zyl (1990:17) wrote that teenagers read to fulfil their needs. Teenagers' reading needs are directly connected to their emotional, cognitive and physical developmental stages. The aim of the study The aim of this study is firstly to evaluate Slinger-slinger according to the elements of the reader study model to determine whether it addresses the reading needs and interests of teenage readers; and secondly to ascertain whether teenagers liked Slinger-slinger. Research procedures and methodology A study of the literature was done in order to determine the reading needs and developmental tasks of teenagers, and the role that teenage fiction can play in their development to adulthood. Together with this background study, an evaluation model, containing story elements viewed from a reader study perspective, as well as criteria for the evaluation of the handling of sexual aspects in teenage fiction, was developed to determine whether Slinger-slinger is successful teenage fiction. In the empirical study the above-mentioned evaluation model for teenage fiction were applied to Slinger-slinger. In the second part of the empirical study a questionnaire was compiled to obtain the opinions of teenage readers about the success of Slinger-slinger as a whole, as well as the success of the handling of the sexual aspects. The questionnaire also served to obtain information about the reading needs of teenage readers in regard to realistic teenage fiction and teenage fiction with a sexual theme. Conclusion It is concluded that Francois Bloemhof's Slinger-slinger succeeds as realistic teenage fiction because it answers to the reading needs of teenage readers. Bloemhof succeeded in his handling of the sexual aspects in Slinger-slinger an in doing so fulfils teenager's reading and information needs, and thus assists them on their way to maturity. The questionnaire ascertained that the teenage readers who participated in the study were of the opinion that Slinger-slinger is a successful and interesting teenage book, and that they would like to read more realistic Afrikaans teenage fiction such as Slinger-slinger. / Thesis (M.Bibl.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-139). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP) / Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / INTRODUÇÃO: Embora cerca de metade dos casos de violência familiar aconteçam em situações de uso de bebidas alcoólicas, são raros os estudos sobre padrões familiares da associação entre esses dois fenômenos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os padrões multigeracionais de violência familiar associada ao abuso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio do genograma de autores e vítimas desse tipo de violência. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi intencional, composta (até a saturação teórica) por 23 vítimas e 19 agressores com histórico multigeracional de violência associada ao álcool. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e anônimas, para a construção do genograma de três gerações, e aplicação de um roteiro com foco no tipo de violência, padrão de consumo de álcool, relações e crenças familiares. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi gravado e submetido a uma análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: A análise dos genogramas indicou a preponderância de casos de abuso/dependência de álcool e violência (AV), como comportamentos associados, bem como mostrou a ocorrência de padrões multigeracionais envolvendo a associação álcoolviolência (AV), sendo os mais freqüentes por linha direta de parentesco (pai/filho) e por meio de casamento. Foi possível observar vários aspectos das relações familiares reproduzidos ao longo das gerações, como o tipo de violência, etapas do ciclo vital familiar e reação à violência. Crenças familiares, como a de que o álcool causa ou justifica a violência, e sobre a indissolubilidade do casamento, parecem minimizar a responsabilidade de agressor e favorecer a reincidência da violência por prolongado período de tempo. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados confirmam a reprodução multigeracional xviii da violência familiar associada ao abuso de bebidas, com influência de aspectos culturais, crenças e valores familiares. Concluiu-se a importância de estratégias de intervenção para prevenir a repetição multigeracional do comportamento. / São Paulo, São Paulo, INTRODUCTION: Even though about half of family violence cases take place under circumstances of alcohol use, few are the studies that target family patterns and the association between those phenomena. The objective of this work was to study the multigenerational patterns of family violence associated with alcohol abuse. The research was based on the genogram of three generations of offenders and victims involved in this kind of violence. METHODS: The sample was intentional, comprised (up to the point of theoretical saturation) by 23 victims and 19 offenders with multigenerational history of family violence associated with alcohol abuse. We carried out semistructured individual anonymous interviews, so that each interviewee's genogram could be created. The interviews were recorded and submitted to content analysis. RESULTS: The genogram analysis showed the preponderance of cases of violence and alcohol abuse/dependence as associated behaviors, as well as the multigenerational transmission of this association. This patter took place mostly by father to son transmission and repetition by marriage. Repetition of relational patterns were observed across family generations, as violence aspects, family life cycle events and reaction to violence situations. Family beliefs regarding alcohol as a cause or an excuse to violent behavior, or marriage indissolubility seems to minimize batterers' responsibility and to promote violence recurrence for long time. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm the multigenerational reproduction of family violence associated with alcohol abuse, regard cultural influences, beliefs and 96 family values. Therefore, intervention strategies aiming to prevent multigenerational patterns behavior repetition are needed. / FAPESP: 06/58585-0 / AFIP: 02/11918-4 / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personer utan socionom- eller socialarbetarexamen som arbetar med socialt arbete riktat mot personer med alkoholmissbruksproblematik inom tredje sektorn (civilsamhället) lär sig om socialt arbete. Vidare syftade studien till att undersöka vilka former av kunskaper och förmågor som dessa respondenter ansåg vara av betydelse för att kunna utföra ett socialt arbete. Som teoretisk grund för studien användes teorier om lärande. En kvalitativ metod bestående av enskilda intervjuer med frivilliga och anställda i tredje sektorn från Mellansverige utfördes. En tematisk analys gjordes och resulterade i att ett antal teman framkom. Resultatet visar inte en heltäckande bild av kunskapsläget hos den tredje sektorn men visar dock att tidigare forskning överensstämmer med resultatet. Viktiga kunskaper var teoretiska kunskaper, den egna personens betydelse och bemötandet av den enskilde. Resultatet visade även att respondenterna tillskansade sig kunskap genom professionella relaterade till verksamheten, lärde sig genom arbetet och att egna erfarenheter visade en väg till kunskap. / The aim of the study was to investigate how people without social work education, who practice social work targeted at people with alcohol abuse problems in the third sector learn about social work. Furthermore, the study aimed at investigating which forms of knowledge and abilities the respondents considered to be of importance in order to perform social work. Theories underlying the study were theories of learning. A qualitative method of individual interviews with volunteers and employees in the third sector from central Sweden was performed. A thematic analysis was made and resulted in a number of themes. The result does not show a comprehensive picture of the knowledge situation in the third sector, but shows that previous research is consistent with the results. Important knowledge was theoretical knowledge, the significance of the individual person and the significance of the meeting with the individual. The result also showed that the respondents gained knowledge through professionals related to the organisation, learn by doing and that their own experience showed a path to knowledge.

Introduction: Results of previous studies have shown a significant association be- tween alcohol abuse and eating disorders which often co-occur as a comorbidity. The co-occurrence of these diseases brings significant medical, social, and psychological complications and predicts a worse course of both disease and outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to verify the association between the alcohol abuse and eating disorders by detecting the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in women who are receiving the treatment for alcohol abuse. Methods: The survey includes 51 women hospitalized for alcohol abuse in PN Bohnice. The data were obtained during the questionnaire survey using the Munich Eating Disorder Questionnaire (Munich ED-Quest) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi- cation Test (AUDIT), supplemented by socio-demographic questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. Results: In total, 25.5% of respondents suffer from eating disorders at some point. Currently, 9.8% of women with an average age of 38.6 years with a median of 40 years suffer from eating disorder. In the past, 23,5% of respondents were affected by eating disorders. For the current period, 1.96% of women have met the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and...

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Background:The Project reported on in this thesis took place between 2003 and 2006 and focused on the problem of high rates of low birth weight in the West Coast /Winelands area of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A 32 page woman’s health handbook (WHH) was developed and field-tested using a participatory action research approach. The purpose of the WHH was to provide a health promotion tool that would increase the likelihood of satisfactory birth outcomes in future by: improving the continuity of care for women, especially in pregnancy; improving the interaction between health service providers and women during health consultations; and enabling women to improve their broader health literacy.Methods:The Project used both qualitative and quantitative methods and was carried out in three phases following steps in strategic communication development: situational and audience analysis; strategic design and development; and,field testing. The process involved three levels of stakeholders, or audiences: primary (women working on farms); secondary (local health service providers); tertiary (regional and provincial health department officials).Phase I began with a situational analysis of the two research sites in 2003 - Vredendal and Stellenbosch areas. Data was collected through key informant interviews, secondary data and general observations. The information on the two sub-districts was summarised. In order to understand the lifestyle and contextual issues facing the primary audience focus group discussions and key informant interviews with all three levels of the audience were carried out in 2004. The analysis utilised an inductive approach to generate themes that integrated the information from all sources and a framework for understanding substance use was developed. Ideas for the format and contents of the WHH were collected utilising the same methods and were summarised into categories.Phase II utilised the findings of Phase I to develop the first version of the WHH. This was pre-tested with all levels of the audience in individual interviews or focus groups to assess its accessibility, contents and appropriateness. The findings were used to prepare the second version of the WHH for Phase III.In Phase III the second version of the WHH was tested by recruiting a cohort of 103 participants who were utilising the antenatal clinic services in the two sites in 2005. A pre- and post-intervention questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data to characterise the participants and, assess if the WHH that was given to them to keep had influenced their health knowledge and substance use behaviour. Analysis included simple frequencies, and a comparison of key outcome measures from the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Secondary level audience representatives were also interviewed, and content analysis carried out to identify theirperceptions of the WHH and any potential barriers to its future use in the clinics. A final version of the WHH was developed and 10 000 copies made available through a resource centre. The dissemination of a batch of the final version was followed up in 2006.Results:The first phase identified the extent to which environmental and health-related behaviour contributed to low birth weight, as well as, other negative consequences in the lives of the primary audience. Important factors noted included the resource poor and stressful environment in which farm-based women live and work, and the high rates of women smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol in general, and through pregnancy.A first version of the WHH was developed and pre-tested in the second phase by applying principles of designing health education materials for audiences with mid to low literacy levels. Results from this stage led to the development of the second version of the WHH.Although the evaluation of the second version of the WHH did not show any significant change in the health knowledge of the participants on the pre- and post-test analysis, there was a reduction in the use of alcohol, and very positive feedback on utilisation issues from all audiences. There was widespread dissemination of the final version of the WHH, however, neither the provincial nor the regional health authorities had incorporated it into their annual health promotion plan or budget.Conclusion:The participatory action research approach in the development of the WHH ensured that the form and contents was appropriate for most of the primary audience and that the secondary and tertiary audiences were supportive of its potential to positively women’s health in the region in the future. The main factors that limited the impact of the WHH include the need for the health service providers to consistently practice interactive health consultations using the WHH, and the need for the reproduction and dissemination of the WHH to be led by the provincial health department.It is recommended that brief training of health service workers is required in order to ensure that the final version of the WHH is utilised to its full potential and, that the provincial and regional health authorities devise a reproduction and dissemination plan to ensure that all women using the public health services receive their own copy of the WHH.

Over the past decade, the "problem" of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects among Aboriginal peoples has received increasing attention from the Canadian nation-state. However, few feminist, anti-racist, anti-ableist, and anti-colonial scholars have offered a critique of FAS/E "prevention" policies aimed at Aboriginal women. In this dissertation, I present my analysis of the "official knowledge" and "public pedagogies" articulated in one such policy, The First Nations and Inuit Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/ Fetal Alcohol Effects Initiative (herein "the Initiative"). This analysis unravels the complex and contradictory tensions in contemporary state policy formation. My findings show how the Initiative paradoxically supports the development of inclusive, grassroots approaches to FAS/E prevention in Aboriginal communities while at the same time eclipsing the voices and concerns of Aboriginal women. Though neglected in the official policy texts and talk of the Initiative, young Aboriginal mothers' agency and insights are central in the dialectic of ideology, discourse, and lived experience that this study documents. To facilitate this shift, I engage a productive methodological synthesis of textual analysis, institutional ethnography, and participatory research, by grounding my analysis of the texts in indepth group interviews with six Aboriginal mothers whose lives include substance use and FAS/E. This study offers significant implications for the development of future policy, research, and "culturally appropriate" pedagogy for and about FAS/E "prevention". My findings do not support the outright rejection of medical models of disability, as has been favoured by many critical theorists and activists on the grounds that such models are universally oppressive and disenfranchising. Rather, the women's insights into their own lived experiences emphasize the simultaneously enabling and disabling consequences of medicalization. Accordingly, my findings underscore the urgent need to reconsider the roles of "race", gender, class, nation and dis/ability in contemporary theories and practices of substantive citizenship and nation-building in and outside of education. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Alcohol abuse is a ubiquitous issue for college students across the United States (U.S.) including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI). As compared to their counterparts, NHPI students tend to underutilize university counseling services and have significantly lower retention rates than their White counterparts. Considering that NHPI may be reluctant to go to counseling, their levels of distress and alcohol abuse may have to reach a higher threshold before they seek treatment. This study examined NHPI college students' presenting levels of alcohol abuse both at intake and over time and compared these students to students from other ethnic/racial groups. Data were gathered from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), a practice-research network used by hundreds of college counseling centers across the U.S. Aggregated data from the years 2012-2015 included variables measured by the Standardized Data Set (SDS) and the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS). The data were analyzed using Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) to assess the differences at intake and over time in alcohol abuse and distress across ethnic groups. Results of this study indicated that NHPI college students at college counseling centers had higher levels of alcohol abuse and presenting distress at intake than students from other ethnic/racial groups. However, NHPI did not have significantly different changes in levels of alcohol abuse from session one to session 12 as compared to other students. Implications and directions for further research are also discussed.

Bakgrund: Substansmissbruk är ett växande folkhälsoproblem vilket leder till att sjuksköterskor möter personer med missbruksproblematik i större utsträckning än tidigare. Denna grupp vårdsökande löper ökad risk att utsättas för stigmatisering till följd av bristande kunskap om substansmissbruk och beroende. Detta kan medföra negativa konsekvenser gällande personcentrerad vård vilket kan innebära sämre vårdkvalitet för personer med substansmissbruk. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda personer med substansmissbruk. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design och induktiv ansats. Sammanställning av elva vetenskapliga artiklar som kvalitetsgranskats och sedan analyserats utifrån fem steg. Resultat: Resultatet visar att flertalet faktorer påverkar vården av personer med substansmissbruk. Två kategorier framträdde under analysen. Kategorin Kunskapsluckor redovisas med tre underkategorier (Specifik kunskap, Tillitsfull vård samt Professionellt ansvar). Den andra kategorin; Etiska utmaningar redovisas i två underkategorier (Jämlik vård trots rädsla samt Frustration och otillräcklighet). Slutsats: Det finns okunskap hos sjuksköterskor gällande vårdsökande personer med substansmissbruk. Kunskapsbristen kan leda till fördomar och osäkerhet hos sjuksköterskor vilket kan göra det utmanande att vårda personcentrerat. Konsekvensen ka bli försämrad vård för denna grupp vårdsökande. Ökad kunskap samt större erfarenhet är nödvändig för att förbättra vårdkvaliteten för personer med substansmissbruk. / Background: Substance abuse is a growing public health problem. This group of care seekers is at increased risk of stigma settings because of general ignorance regarding substance abuse and addiction. This may lead to negative consequences when it comes to offering person-centered care to this group of people. Aim: To describe nurses’ experiences of caring for people with substance abuse. Method: A literature review with qualitative design and an inductive approach. A compilation of eleven scientific articles which has been quality checked and then analyzed from five steps. Findings: There are several elements affecting the medical care for persons with substance abuse. Two categories emerged through the analysis. The first category:  Lack of knowledge is described in three subcategories (Specific knowledge, Reliant care and Professional responsibility). The other category: Ethical challenges is described in two subcategories (Equal care despite of fear and Frustration and inadequacy).  Conclusion: There is a general ignorance amongst nurses’ regarding the care for people with substance abuse. The lack of knowledge might stimulate preconceptions and insecurity among nurses. Increased knowledge and greater experience are needed to improve person-centered care for this group of care seekers.

Alkoholkonsum beginnt häufig bereits im Jugendalter. Allerdings fehlen bisher Erkenntnisse darüber, ob, wie häufig und aufgrund welcher Merkmale Jugendlichen und junge Erwachsene auch bereits klinisch definierte Mißbrauchs- und Abhängigkeitsdiagnosen entwickeln. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Untersuchung an 3021 Jugendlichen im Alter von 14-24 Jahren vorgestellt. Neben der Prävalenz von Alkoholmißbrauch und -abhängigkeit nach DSM-IV werden Daten zur Häufigkeit und Menge des Alkoholkonsums berichtet sowie erste Symptome beschrieben. 9,7% der befragten Jugendlichen erhielten aufgrund von DSM-IV-Kriterien eine Mißbrauchsdiagnose, 6,2% eine Abhängigkeitsdiagnose. Bei männlichen Jugendlichen war die Prävalenz wesentlich höher als bei weiblichen. Die Prävalenz war in den älteren Geburtskohorten höher. Als erstes Missbrauchssymptom trat am häufigsten "Gebrauch mit körperlicher Gefährdung" (91,9%), als erstes Abhängigkeitssymptom "Toleranzentwicklung" (34,3%) auf. Erste diagnostische Kriterien einer Alkoholstörung traten zumeist deutlich vor dem 18. Lebensjahr auf. Diese Daten unterstreichen, daß Alkoholmißbrauch und -abhängigkeit bereits im Jugend- und frühen Erwachsenenalter häufig sind. / Alcohol use frequently begins in adolescence. However, only few studies have reported the prevalence of alcohol abuse disorders in adolescents. This paper reports results from a representative study in a sample of 3021 adolescents, aged 14-24 years. The Prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence according to DSM-IV criteria, as well as the prevalence, frequency and quantity of alcohol abuse and a description of the first occuring symptoms, are presented here. Alcohol abuse was reported by 9.7% of respondents and alcohol dependence by 6.2%. Males were more likely to report an alcohol disorder than females, and the prevalence also increased in the older age cohorts. The most frequent initial symptoms were "hazardous use" (91.9%) for abuse and "tolerance" (34.3%) for dependence. First symptoms have been shown to occur long before the age of 18. These results show that even in adolescents and young adults alcohol abuse and dependence are frequent disorders.