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Existing studies of Anglo-Argentine relations offer various explanations for policy and diplomatic outcomes between Britain and Argentina. This paper presents a constructivist analysis of British perceptions and framing of Argentina in elite political discourse. British perceptions of Argentina are necessary to understand outcomes of particular moments of economic cooperation and military conflict between the two states in the twentieth century. British political rhetoric and discourse are used to show how durable perceptions of Argentina can be traced throughout the history of their relationship and end up shaping relations in 1930s and 1980s.

The central theme in the following five chapters is that the native African in Rhodesia, confronted less than a century ago by modern civilization, has been deprived of his homeland and purposely restrained from progressing politically toward the leadership of his own nation.

The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of June 18, 1935, came as a complete surprise and was contrary to established British policy; what were the circumstances that influenced the decision to reach the accord with Germany? Was it appeasement? If the compact was not political, then what was its primary purpose and who was responsible for the treaty?

The dissertation covers 1689-1712 in English political history. It deals with the debate between the Whig and Tory parties, and their internal conflicts, over the strategy necessary to defeat France in the two wars of this period: the Nine Years' and Spanish Succession Wars. It describes the widespread hopes for a quick victory, centred on the 'descent', in the early years of William's reign; and how this optimism was exploited to secure support for the Continental .war. It traces the development of an alternative 'Country' strategy in response to the failures to mount an invasion of France and the build up of English forces in Flanders. The consolidation of Whig support behind the Contin~ntal war in 1693-95; and the failure of the Country attempt to draw away mercantile support from the European war by exploiting the anger over privateering losses are analysed. The explosion of Country/Tory bitterness in 1697-98 which ied to the precipitate disbanding of the army is discussed with reference to the strategic hopes and dis- , appointments of :the previous war. The approach of the Spanish Succession War in 1698-1702 is analysed against the background of the expectations of both Whigs and Tories that England would now fight as naval auxiliaries; and attenti-on is drawn to the wide-spread interest in Caribbean warfare. The internal disputes within the Tory ministry in 1702-04 over war strategy are analysed, and the strategic ideas of the main political figures - Nottingham, Godolphin, Marlborough and Harley - are examined. The importance of the Spanish theatre to public and political opinion and the revival of interest in Caribbean warfare from 1706 on are both documented. Harley's changing attitude to the war in the years 1704-08 is discussed. The rise to dominance , of the Junto war strategy 1708-10 is cpnsidered, and the Tory response. The war strategy of the Tory ministry of 1710 is examined, with particular reference to the hold of the Spanish war on Tory loyalties, and Harley's West Indian and St John's Canadian schemes. The fierce pamphlet debate between Whig and Tory in 1710-12 over the conduct of the Succession War is analysed.

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The Second Gulf War (1990-1991) brought about huge transformations in the relationships between the Western and Arab world. The invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 and deployment of American-led Western troops in Saudi Arabia brought the Arab world to the top of the Western agenda. The presence of mostly non-Muslim Western troops in Saudi Arabia, which is home to the holy sites of Islamic people, triggered mixed reactions among Arab people and polarised their relationships with the West. These developments left a huge impact on literature and the shaping of the imagery of the Other in fiction. This thesis began as an attempt to study the impact of the Second Gulf War on the depiction the Image of the Other. The research rests on conducting an analysis of how the West-Arab encounters are being perceived in Anglo-American and Arabic fiction (1991-2001). The study considers six fictional works from the Anglo-American world: Friends, Lovers, Enemies (1991) by Barbara Victor, Innocent Blood (1997) by Christopher Dickey, I Know Many Songs But I Cannot Sing (1996) by Brian Kiteley, Hideous Kinky (1992) by Esther Freud, Virgins of Paradise (1993) by Barbara Wood, and Falling for the Sheikh by Carole Grace (2001). The study also focuses on six works from the Arab world: Bahãa Ţãhir’s (Ңubb fi-l-manfã) Love in Exile (1995), Ibrãhīm Ãḥmad’s (Ţufl al-CNN) The CNN Child (1996), Yūsuf al-‘Īlah’s (Ghazal al-dhãkirah) The Memory Spinning (2000), Ãḥmad Ibrãhîm Al-Faqīh’s (al-Thulãthiya) Gardens of the Night (1995), and Ңanãn al-Shaykh’s (Innahã London Yã ‘Azīzī) Only in London (2001) and Bahãa al-Dīn al-Ţawd’s (al-Ba‘īdūn) Those Who Are Far Away. These writers have been studied in the belief that they demonstrate the shaping of the East-West encounters. Writers from both cultures place their cultural concerns within a national framework that they constantly negotiate. Nevertheless, the thesis challenge is to pinpoint the complex web of factors that characterised each culture. Hence, this study seeks to contribute in showing how these writers are engaged in the process of reconstructing, adjusting and even transcending the stereotypes of their cultures.