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Thesis (M.Sc.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1954. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-35).

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Title from title screen. David A. Washburn, committee chair; Michael J. Beran, Eric J. Vanman, Heather M. Kleider, Roger K. R. Thompson, committee members. Electronic text (84 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 14, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84).

The purpose of this essay is to critically examine the current legal status of animals in the United States and offer possible alternatives to the current legal rights for animals. This essay examines the failures of the legal system in protecting animals that have abilities very similar to our own. With an examination of these types of animals, this essay will explain why some animals merit the status of legal personhood to protect them from being carelessly used by others. Ultimately, this essay is an attempt to open the field of legal protection for many animals starting with a few through legal personhood.

Os macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosus) são reconhecidos pela flexibilidade comportamental, incluindo o uso de ferramentas na natureza. Admite-se que o contexto social contribua para aprendizagem individual de comportamentos flexíveis pelos macacos-prego. A influência social sobre a aprendizagem é considerada como uma característica básica da cultura. As diferenças observadas no conjunto de ferramentas entre populações naturais de macacos-prego sugerem a existência de tradições nestes primatas. Em um experimento em campo apresentamos aos macacos de duas populações, que diferiam acerca de suas tradições instrumentais, um problema que exigia o uso de sondas para obter melaço dentro de uma caixa-problema. Investigamos se os macacos destas populações abordariam o problema de acordo com as respectivas tradições instrumentais. As populações investigadas habitam diferentes regiões do Estado do Piauí, interior do nordeste brasileiro, e distam aproximadamente 350Km entre si, sendo a paisagem ecológica tipicamente marcada pelo bioma cerrado/caatinga. Os macacos da população da Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) são proficientes no uso de percutores durante o processamento de cocos-de-palmeiras e frutos secos de caju. Apesar de quase uma década de observação sistemática nesta população, não foi observado o uso de outras ferramentas por estes macacos. Os macacos da população do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC), por sua vez, utilizam habitualmente um conjunto diversificado de ferramentas, incluindo o uso de percutores e sondas. Nossa hipótese predisse que os macacos da população PNSC (grupo Pedra Furada) resolveriam o problema em menor tempo e apresentariam melhor desempenho, enquanto os macacos da FBV (grupo Chicão) não utilizariam sondas durante as tentativas de obter o melaço, ou demandariam maior tempo até alcançarem o sucesso no problema, e esperávamos pudessem percutir pedras contra a caixa. Os machos do grupo Pedra Furada resolveram o problema no primeiro dia de exposição, e os machos e as fêmeas percutiram contra a caixa, mas os macacos do grupo Chicão não transportaram nenhum objeto durante o experimento e interagiram pouco com o problema. Estes resultados estão de acordo com aqueles observados em um experimento similar realizado com chimpanzés. Observamos também diferenças no tamanho das sondas utilizadas e na frequência de sucessos exibida pelos jovens e machos do grupo Pedra Furada. Propomos que a diferença observada na forma de abordar o problema entre os macacos destas populações esteja associada às diferenças no gradiente de generalização no uso de ferramentas e a disponibilidade de material no ambiente / Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) have been recognized by their behavioral flexibility, including tool-using in nature. Currently, its acknowledged that social context contributes to individual learning of that flexible behavior by capuchin monkeys. The social influence on learning is the most basic feature of culture. The differences observed in tool kit exhibited in natural populations of capuchin monkeys suggest the existence of culture in these New World primates. We ran a field experiment in two populations of capuchin monkeys which differed in their tool use traditions. In this experiment we presented a problem that required probe-tool using to reach molasses available inside the problem-box. We investigated whether monkeys from these populations approached the problem according to their respectively tool use traditions. Both populations inhabit different regions in the State of Piauí, in Northeastern Brazil, and are about 350Km apart. The ecological landscapes of these research sites are the the savana-like cerrado and caatinga biomes. Monkeys from Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) are proficient pounding-tool users that habitually use stones as hammers to crack open palm-nuts and dry cashew fruit. After almost a decade of systematic observations, no other form of tool use was observed in this population. Capuchin monkeys from Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC), on the other hand, have been observed using a much broader tool-kit, including pounding tools, as well as probing tools during their foraging activities. Our hypothesis predicted that capuchins from the PNSC population (Pedra Furada group) would take less time to solve the task than capuchins from FBV (Chicão group), and also that they would perform better in comparison to that group. We also expected that Chicão group would pound stones against the problem box. In Pedra Furada group, males solved the problem in the first day of exposition to the experiment; both males and females pounded stones against the problem box, but no individuals from Chicão group did it. Chicão group exhibited less interaction with the problem box than capuchins from Pedra Furada group. Our results are in accordance to those found in a similar experiment with chimpanzees. We also observed differences between the success frequency and length of probing-tools used by juveniles and adults from Pedra Furada group during our experiment. We propose that both differences in grade of generalization in tool use between these populations and material availability in environment might explain the difference in performance observed between the capuchin groups investigated in our experiment

Os macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosus) são reconhecidos pela flexibilidade comportamental, incluindo o uso de ferramentas na natureza. Admite-se que o contexto social contribua para aprendizagem individual de comportamentos flexíveis pelos macacos-prego. A influência social sobre a aprendizagem é considerada como uma característica básica da cultura. As diferenças observadas no conjunto de ferramentas entre populações naturais de macacos-prego sugerem a existência de tradições nestes primatas. Em um experimento em campo apresentamos aos macacos de duas populações, que diferiam acerca de suas tradições instrumentais, um problema que exigia o uso de sondas para obter melaço dentro de uma caixa-problema. Investigamos se os macacos destas populações abordariam o problema de acordo com as respectivas tradições instrumentais. As populações investigadas habitam diferentes regiões do Estado do Piauí, interior do nordeste brasileiro, e distam aproximadamente 350Km entre si, sendo a paisagem ecológica tipicamente marcada pelo bioma cerrado/caatinga. Os macacos da população da Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) são proficientes no uso de percutores durante o processamento de cocos-de-palmeiras e frutos secos de caju. Apesar de quase uma década de observação sistemática nesta população, não foi observado o uso de outras ferramentas por estes macacos. Os macacos da população do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC), por sua vez, utilizam habitualmente um conjunto diversificado de ferramentas, incluindo o uso de percutores e sondas. Nossa hipótese predisse que os macacos da população PNSC (grupo Pedra Furada) resolveriam o problema em menor tempo e apresentariam melhor desempenho, enquanto os macacos da FBV (grupo Chicão) não utilizariam sondas durante as tentativas de obter o melaço, ou demandariam maior tempo até alcançarem o sucesso no problema, e esperávamos pudessem percutir pedras contra a caixa. Os machos do grupo Pedra Furada resolveram o problema no primeiro dia de exposição, e os machos e as fêmeas percutiram contra a caixa, mas os macacos do grupo Chicão não transportaram nenhum objeto durante o experimento e interagiram pouco com o problema. Estes resultados estão de acordo com aqueles observados em um experimento similar realizado com chimpanzés. Observamos também diferenças no tamanho das sondas utilizadas e na frequência de sucessos exibida pelos jovens e machos do grupo Pedra Furada. Propomos que a diferença observada na forma de abordar o problema entre os macacos destas populações esteja associada às diferenças no gradiente de generalização no uso de ferramentas e a disponibilidade de material no ambiente / Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) have been recognized by their behavioral flexibility, including tool-using in nature. Currently, its acknowledged that social context contributes to individual learning of that flexible behavior by capuchin monkeys. The social influence on learning is the most basic feature of culture. The differences observed in tool kit exhibited in natural populations of capuchin monkeys suggest the existence of culture in these New World primates. We ran a field experiment in two populations of capuchin monkeys which differed in their tool use traditions. In this experiment we presented a problem that required probe-tool using to reach molasses available inside the problem-box. We investigated whether monkeys from these populations approached the problem according to their respectively tool use traditions. Both populations inhabit different regions in the State of Piauí, in Northeastern Brazil, and are about 350Km apart. The ecological landscapes of these research sites are the the savana-like cerrado and caatinga biomes. Monkeys from Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) are proficient pounding-tool users that habitually use stones as hammers to crack open palm-nuts and dry cashew fruit. After almost a decade of systematic observations, no other form of tool use was observed in this population. Capuchin monkeys from Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC), on the other hand, have been observed using a much broader tool-kit, including pounding tools, as well as probing tools during their foraging activities. Our hypothesis predicted that capuchins from the PNSC population (Pedra Furada group) would take less time to solve the task than capuchins from FBV (Chicão group), and also that they would perform better in comparison to that group. We also expected that Chicão group would pound stones against the problem box. In Pedra Furada group, males solved the problem in the first day of exposition to the experiment; both males and females pounded stones against the problem box, but no individuals from Chicão group did it. Chicão group exhibited less interaction with the problem box than capuchins from Pedra Furada group. Our results are in accordance to those found in a similar experiment with chimpanzees. We also observed differences between the success frequency and length of probing-tools used by juveniles and adults from Pedra Furada group during our experiment. We propose that both differences in grade of generalization in tool use between these populations and material availability in environment might explain the difference in performance observed between the capuchin groups investigated in our experiment

Previous work has shown that removal of the midline frontal cortex at seven to ten days of age is followed by recovery of function correlated with apparent spontaneous generation of new tissue in the lesion cavity. The question asked in the present thesis was whether the removal of the regrown tissue in adulthood would block normal function. Rats that received P10 frontal lesions underwent second lesions at P160, and were compared to rats with only P10 or P160 lesions. Rats with P10 + P160 lesions were severely impaired on a spatial learning task, especially relative to the P10 lesion-only rats. In a second experiment, rats with P10 + P160 lesions were given intra-ventricular infusions of a cocktail of three growth factors. The animals with growth factors showed marked behavioral recovery, although there was no cell regeneration. The results of these experiments suggest that filled-in tissue in neonatally lesioned rats is functional. / viii, 74 leaves : col. ill. ; 28 cm.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1920. / "A Private edition distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries." Published also as Psychological review publications. The psychological monographs, no. 135. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1920. / "A Private edition distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries." Published also as Psychological review publications. The psychological monographs, no. 135. Includes bibliographical references.