The dissertation thesis focuses on independent local lists (ILLs) in local elections in the Czech Republic. The research approaches the issue from various views. It studies formation of independent local lists in five specific towns, cities: Brno, Brno, Mnichovo Hradiště, Praha 10, Prachatice a Vodňany. It is related to ILLs: To Live Brno, We Live for Hradiště, the coalition Vlasta, Living Prachatice and the Vodňany for Change. Beside this five case studies, the research is dealing with topic of rising electoral support for ILLs in 27 statutory cities. The dissertation thesis is working with several theoretical concepts such as phenomenon of the cartel party, anti-party sentiments, non-political politics and development of political participation. The thesis is answering the question of how are the ILLs formed in relation to engagement of their representatives in civil society. According to my thesis, organization of civil society are more inclusive and open for participation than political parties. But this participation, outside political institution has its limits. These limits are reasons for forming independent local lists and pursuing political office. The paper also presents a typology of lists that allows for more in depth research and distinction between ILLs and political parties. It is...