Diss.

Thesis--University of Michigan. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Vienna, 1963. / On spine: Grabhügel. Bibliography: p. 79-80.

Diss.

Inaug.-diss.--Zürich. / Curriculum vitae. "Die vorliegende arbeit erscheint in buchform mit 31 abbildungen als viertes heft der "Studien über christliche denkmäler, ' hrsg. von Johannes Ficker." "Abkürzungen": p. xi.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2001. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 278-310).

Thesis--Heidelberg. / Bibliography: v. 1, p. 706-719.

Revision of the author's thesis (Ph. D.--Nanjing da xue, 2002). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 302-337).

This thesis reconsiders the cultural and economic relevance of landownership for the Roman republican peasants. In the Introduction, I define direct agricultural producers (hereafter 'peasants') as the object of my investigation. In Chapter 1, I argue that throughout the republic peasants owned little or no land, and private landholdings had a marginal role in peasants' production strategies. The frequent land schemes did not make the distribution of property more egalitarian, because they were not designed for that purpose, and due to their poverty peasants were unable to maintain control of the allotments. In Chapter 2, I explain that in ancient literature peasants were idealized as symbols of complete independence and self-sufficiency, and in political reflection they were considered the most perfect citizens. In accordance with the widespread view that Roman power had peaked and was now declining, already by the time of Fabius Pictor early and middle republican Rome was idealized as a society of peasants, whose supposed decline was threatening the republic. I conclude that in the Gracchan period peasants' discontent may have been a consequence of growing inequality, rather than utter impoverishment. In Chapter 3, I argue that in order to understand whether the free peasantry was actually declining we should consider variations in peasants' opportunities for dependent labour on the one hand, marketing on the other. Therefore, I reconsider the available data on the demography of Roman Italy and on commercial agriculture. I conclude that, while peasants could profit from increased access to markets, there is no conclusive evidence that competition for labour grew. In Chapter 4 I explain that the late republican peasants were perfectly aware that land had an economic value, and were even able to carry out evaluations. I suggest that this was a consequence of census procedures.

This thesis undertakes a comparative study of two adjacent, yet linguistically distinct Fraser River Canyon groups -- the Tait and the Lower Thompson -- through an examination of ethnographic and archaeological data. The archaeological examination is based on results provided by an excavation at the recent Tait pit house village of Esilao in the Canyon near Yale, British Columbia. There were two related objectives. The purpose of the archaeological study was to test whether there was a discernible overlapping of ethnographic and archaeological data. Secondly, the Canyon culture was to be examined to determine whether it showed a greater alignment with the coast or with the interior. The results of ethnographic study show considerable uniformity of Canyon culture and pronounced interior affinities. The archaeological investigation reveals much overlap between ethnographic and archaeological data and indicates that the Esilao village assemblage had a definite interior alignment, thus lending support to the ethnographic findings. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate