This diploma thesis aims at describing work and unemployment not only from the point of view of social issues, which are often exclusively associated with work and unemployment, but I would also like to focus on this issue from an anthropological point of view. Human being is a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual being, and therefore, even when considering the unemployment of a human being, we must not forget his spiritual dimension, because it would be seriously damaged by the idea of human integrity. The first chapter deals with the view of the man from the point of view of theological anthropology and informs the reader, among other things, about the concept of two selected authors. The second chapter moves from the person to work, which is another crucial topic of the diploma thesis. It deals mainly with the positive value of human work and its development in history, as well as with the problematic aspects associated with the work. The third chapter deals with unemployment. It concerns the most common problems associated with the loss of employment and focuses, among other things, on the institutions that deal with unemployment. The fourth chapter introduces to the reader the view of the Church's social learning of unemployment. It introduces the importance of work in human life by giving an example of several social encyclicals and one pastoral constitucion. The fifth chapter deals with prevention in the field of work and employment, but again from a social and also an anthropological point of view.