INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The need for reliable, quantitative and sensitive measures of personality variables and the promise of sensory threshold determinations for such use prompted, the present investigation. One particular need is for measures which are sensitive in time to changes in the level of the variables being considered. The personality variable to be considered in this paper is anxiety and the sensory discrimination procedure is that which provides flicker fusion measurements. In order to study the relationship between anxiety level and flicker fusion measurements, it is essential to specify a measurable meaning for the term anxiety and utilize criteria which are sufficiently sensitive to provide an ordering within the population being examined. The population relevant to this investigation involved one group of subjects who manifested complaints associated with the psychiatric syndrome, anxiety reaction described in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical’ " Manual: Mental Disorders* (1952, p. 32) as follows: “In this kind of reaction the anxiety is diffuse and not restricted to definite situations or objects, as In the case of phobic reactions. It is not controlled by any specific psychological defense mechanism as in other psychoneurotic re- actions. This reaction is characterized by anxious expectation and frequently associated with somatic symptomatology. The condition is to be differentiated from normal apprehensive ness or fear.” The term is synonymous with the former term anxiety state. With regard to this clinical use of the term anxiety, Henderson and Gillespie 1947, p. 107) state: Anxiety as a technical term is a fear of danger usually from within. It may occur either as a continuing state of fear, or more commonly as episodic attacks. The episodes have the well-marked physical manifestations usually associated with fear. It is said that & typical anxiety attack has nothing but somatic symptoms; there Is usually, however, a conscious fear, generally of illness but usually undefined. In limiting the concept anxiety to the above mentioned symptomatic-clinical definition, one must acknowledge other views regarding anxiety. While the anxiety studied, in this paper represents overt psychological and physiological signs of discomfort and uneasiness, the concept of anxiety has received increasing attention from students of philosophy, anthropology, psychology, psychoanalysis and neurology in their attempts to deal with personality, learning and cultural phenomena. / This thesis was digitized as part of a project begun in 2014 to increase the number of Duke psychology theses available online. The digitization project was spearheaded by Ciara Healy.

Existing animal models of postoperative pain have focused on the sensory aspects of postoperative nociception and have ignored the affective components of pain, such as anxiety, which in human studies have been shown to be important determinants of the overall pain experience and pain outcomes. Therefore, I investigated whether anxiety-like behaviour in rats was a feature of an established animal model of postoperative pain. Postoperative hypernociception was assessed on a daily basis prior to surgery and nine days after surgery in 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats, that had had an incision made through the abdominal wall. Nociceptive thresholds were tested using an anaesthesiometer, which was applied to the wound until the rat showed aversive responses. Anxiety-like behaviour was assessed in a separate group of 50 experimental and 50 control rats that had undergone the same surgical intervention or sham surgery (anaesthesia only). The open field paradigm was used to test anxiety-like behaviour and involved placing rats in a 1 m2 arena and measuring their exploratory behaviour; behaviour that is reduced in anxious rats. Additional 40 experimental and 40 control rats were decapitated and trunk blood was collected for corticosterone measurement, and the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi were excised for measurement of monoamines, including serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine, as well as the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate on postoperative days one, two, four and nine. Surgery produced a significant decrease in nociceptive thresholds for up to six days, however there was no significant decrease in exploratory behaviours between control and surgery rats at any stage after surgery. There was also no significant difference between the monoamines, GABA, glutamate or corticosterone levels between the surgery and control groups, on any of the postoperative days I assessed. However, a significant increase in dopamine concentrations in sham surgery rats compared to control and surgery groups was found. It therefore appears that, in an established model of postoperative pain, rats do not display anxiety-like behaviour, or express circulating or brain biomarkers of stress.

Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 31 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-19).

published_or_final_version / Clinical Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Psychology

The purpose of this study was twofold. The primary objective was to find if the Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs tests could be used to differentiate between delinquents and non-delinquents. The secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between the Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs tests.Subjects included thirty adolescent delinquents matched for age and IQ with thirty non-delinquents. All subjects were administered the Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs in a single sitting.Significant differences were found between the delinquents' and non-delinquents' performance on-the Bender-Gestalt. The Memory-for-Designs failed to differentiate between the two groups. The Bender-Gestalt and Memory-for-Designs were found to be measuring approximately the same variables within each group.

Thesis--University of Illinois. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Illinois. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Columbia University. / Without thesis statement. Bibliography: p. 361-367 -- This book is the result of several years of exploration, research, and thought on one of the most urgent problems of our day. Clinical experience has proved to psychologists and psychiatrists generally that the central problem in psychotherapy is the nature of anxiety. To the extent that we have been able to solve that problem, we have made a beginning in understanding the causes of integration and disintegration of personality. This study seeks to bring together in one volume the theories of anxiety offered by modern explorers in different areas of our culture, to discover the common elements in these theories, and to formulate these concepts so that we shall have some common ground for further inquiry. If the synthesis of anxiety theory presented here serves the purpose of producing some coherence and order in this field, a good part of the writer's goal will have been achieved. For those interested in a comparative survey of modern schools of psychothe. Electronic reproduction. Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association, 2005. Available via the World Wide Web. Access limited by licensing agreement.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1956. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 16 (1956) no. 10, p. 1949. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-59).