Este trabalho analisa alguns diálogos entre o livro La literatura nazi en América, do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño (1953 2003), e a tradição literária do apócrifo. Para tanto, recortamos uma linha de escritas apócrifas que relaciona o factual com o fictício, a memória e a imaginação para tramar uma narrativa feita a partir de experiências de leitura, criatividade e a dissolução dos conceitos de biografia e história. Nessa perspectiva, num primeiro momento, resgatamos de modo panorâmico uma linhagem de obras que constitui uma família literária dentro de uma tradição mais ampla: Vidas Imaginárias, de Marcel Schwob; Retratos reales e imaginarios, de Alfonso Reyes; Historia universal de la infamia, de Jorge Luís Borges; e La sinagoga de los Iconoclastas, de Rodolfo Wilcock. Num segundo momento, focamos a obra de Jorge Luis Borges, visando um estudo mais detalhado de alguns de seus textos e os de Bolaño. A partir do rearranjo de formas emprestadas da tradição literária, Bolaño desenvolve procedimentos de escrita que são aprimorados em toda a sua obra, fortalecendo o diálogo com seus precursores numa escrita que se configura como fruto de um contínuo exercício de revisão e de reelaboração. / This essay analyzes some dialogues between Roberto Bolaño´s La literatura nazi en América and the literary tradition of the apocryphal. To do so, we selected a line of apocryphal writings that relate the factual with fiction and memory to shape a narrative made out of reading experiences, imagination and the dissolution of some rigid concepts of Biography and History. From this perspective, we start rescuing in a panoramic way a lineage of works that constitutes a literary family inside a wider tradition: Vidas Imaginarias, by Marcel Schwob; Retratos reales e imaginarios, by Alfonso Reyes; Historia universal de la infamia, by Jorge Luís Borges; and La sinagoga de los Iconoclastas, by Rodolfo Wilcock. Then, we proceed selecting Jorge Luis Borges´s work, for a more detailed study. Starting with the reorganization of forms borrowed from the literary tradition, Bolaño develops writing procedures that are improved in his whole works, strengthening the dialogue between his precursors and his own work configured as the result of a continuous exercise of revision and rewritings.

L’étude des réécritures françaises de l’Évangile de Nicodème produites entre le XIIe et le XVIe siècle montre comment ce texte apocryphe prend des libertés et évolue progressivement du texte sacré vers le texte littéraire. Tendant tout à la fois vers le romanesque et le dramatique, il utilise et dépasse la lettre pour se faire image dévotionnelle. Ainsi, les différentes réécritures construisent un texte-carrefour, au confluent des écritures saintes, de la littérature de divertissement et de la culture iconique, qui s’avère fondamental tout à la fois dans l’histoire du christianisme et dans la littérature médiévale. Notre étude s’accompagne des éditions de deux réécritures du XIVe siècle : l’Évangile de Gamaliel et une version interpolée dans une Histoire de la Bible. / Our study of the French rewritings of the Gospel of Nicodemus dating from the XIIth to the XVIth century shows how this apocryphal text takes liberties, progressively shifting from a sacred to a literary script. Approaching both romance and dramatic writing, it tends to become a devotional representation. Thus, the different rewritings form an original object intermingling holy scriptures, romance and iconic culture, which proves to be fundamental to Christianity and to medieval literature. Editions of two rewritings from the XIVth century also appear in our study : the Gospel of Gamaliel and a version of the Gospel of Nicodemus inserted in a Story of the Bible.

Jesus was a healer, but what may not be as obvious is that he started a legacy of healing. He passed on his skills and abilities to his followers at least three times. Though not as frequently, they continued to heal through the Book of Acts. The legacy continued in the Apocryphal Acts and other apocryphal materials spanning the early centuries of the common era. Secondary literature looks at modern scholarship and leans heavily into Rabbinic literature. Up to this point, other English-language works in healing have sorely lacked luster in providing. The exploration of the healing legacy of Jesus shifted to meet the skills and needs of the healers, patients, and communities involved. Further, the healings had a substantive resultant impact on various levels of socioeconomics for the parties, which is explored by reexamining each group type of healings, from lameness and paralytics to possession and resurrection, and more. The hope is that taking a holistic approach to these healings as possible will allow readers a new way of experiencing the early common era and these events that permeated everyone's lives at one time or another.

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Le motif de la couronne, fortement présent dans les corpus iconographiques juifs et chrétiens, a été majoritairement perçu comme une contamination païenne des dits répertoires. Par la même, son interprétation symbolique est jugée secondaire et son emploi serait essentiellement d’ordre décoratif. Par la constitution d’un double corpus sélectif, l’un iconographique et l’autre textuel, notre démontrons que ce motif connaît une signification symbolique profonde et propre aux deux religions. Mes travaux permettent, d’une part, une meilleure compréhension des évolutions iconographiques et religieuses si caractéristiques de l’Antiquité tardive, et, d’autre part, de cerner les interactions entre les groupes religieux juifs et chrétiens du monde gréco-romain. En effet, la prise en compte et la confrontation de l’ensemble des sources textuelles et iconographiques tardoantiques juives et chrétiennes ont tout d’abord montré que le thème de la couronne est omniprésent. Cette omniprésence s’explique dans la mesure où les significations symboliques qu’elle véhicule sont fondamentales et multiples. Attribut de pouvoir (celui du roi celui du prêtre), attribut et sceau divin, attribut christique, angélique et céleste, la couronne est au cœur de la pensée juive et chrétienne de la rétribution. Ce symbolisme puissant s’enracine dans la Bible. C’est à partir des passages bibliques, pourtant peu nombreux, mentionnant la couronne, que les exégèses ultérieures se sont constamment développées ; cela en insistant toujours plus sur la dimension céleste de la signification de ce motif, au détriment de ses connotations terrestres liées historiquement à la royauté davidique et à la prêtrise aaronienne. Le motif de la couronne et son interprétation de plus en plus eschatologique sont présents dans tous les corpus littéraires ou épigraphiques que nous avons étudiés. Les premiers témoins de cet accroissement de la valeur symbolique de la couronne sont les littératures intertestamentaire, pseudépigraphique et qumrânienne au tournant de notre ère, dans lesquelles l’attention se focalise sur le sort des justes. / The motif of the crown, strongly present in the Jewish and Christian iconographic corpus, was mainly perceived as a pagan contamination of the said repertoires. By the same token, its symbolic interpretation is considered secondary and its use essentially decorative. By the constitution of a selective double corpus, one iconographic and the other textual, we demonstrate that this motif knows a deep symbolic meaning specific to both religions. My work makes it possible, on the one hand, to better understand the iconographic and religious evolutions so characteristic of late antiquity, and, on the other hand, to identify the interactions between the Jewish and Christian religious groups of the Greco-Roman world.Indeed, taking into account and confronting all Jewish and Christian late antique textual and iconographic sources initially showed that the theme of the crown is omnipresent. This omnipresence is explained insofar as the symbolic meanings which it conveys are fundamental and multiple. Attribute of power (that of the king that of the priest), attribute and divine seal, attribute Christic, angelic and celestial, the crown is at the heart of the Jewish and Christian thought of retribution.This powerful symbolism is rooted in the Bible. It is from the biblical passages, however few in number, mentioning the crown, that the subsequent exegeses have been constantly developed; With an increasing emphasis on the heavenly dimension of the meaning of this motif, to the detriment of its terrestrial connotations historically related to the Davidic kingdom and the Aaronic priesthood. The motif of the crown and its increasingly eschatological interpretation are present in all the literary or epigraphic corpuses that we have studied. The first witnesses to this increase in the symbolic value of the crown are the intertestamental, pseudepigraphic and qumranian literatures at the turn of our era, in which attention focuses on the fate of the righteous.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dirce Socorro Guizzo.pdf: 1113966 bytes, checksum: b1eba254dd032b167c0a2611a814f22f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-31 / The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that in the Christian occident the image of Maria Magdalen, a well-known biblical character underwent some changes throughout the centuries. The aim was to de-characterize the apostolic work carried out by women, and that contributed to build the identity of the female gender, marked by low self-esteem, and as a consequence, by weak empowerment. Aiming at recreating the path of the construction of this image, the author researched selected fundamental texts of Christianity, biblical literature, apocryphal literature as well as the patristic literature, using interpretation keys advocated by the feministic hermeneutics, which allows us to read gender as an analytic category of relationships built on the basis of culture. It was possible to ascertain that, in Maria Magdalen the female archetype was created, the biblical ideal that had to be transported to the concrete aspects of daily life, an apostle whole importance was minimized by the authors of the Canon. / O objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar que no ocidente cristão a imagem da conhecida personagem bíblica Maria Madalena foi alterada ao longo dos séculos com o objetivo de descaracterizar o apostolado de mulheres, o que contribuiu para a construção da identidade de gênero feminina marcada pela baixa auto estima e, conseqüentemente pelo fraco empoderamento. Com a finalidade de se reconstituir a trajetória dessa construção imagética, foram pesquisados alguns textos fundantes do cristianismo, a literatura bíblica, a literatura apócrifa, e a patrística, utilizando as chaves de interpretação preconizadas pela hermenêutica feminista, que nos permite a leitura de gênero como categoria analítica de relações construídas culturalmente. Verificamos que se personifica, em Maria Madalena, um arquétipo feminino, ideal bíblico a ser transportado para o concreto cotidiano, apóstola cuja importância foi minimizada pelos autores do texto do Cânon.

Rev. doct. diss., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2005. / Bibliogr.: p. [289]-307.

AFRIKAANS: In die laat tagtigs en vroeë negentigs van hierdie eeu is die res van die Oumran-geskrifte wat ontdek is, openbaar gemaak. Met die gebeurtenis het talle moontlikhede vir die wetenskaplike bestudering van 'n groot aantal dokumente ontstaan. 4Qlnstruction is een van die dokumente wat beskikbaar geraak het, en is geklassifiseer as 'n wysheidsteks wat 'n legio moontlikhede vir wetenskaplike bestudering moontlik gemaak het. As gevolg van die fragmentariese aard van die teks bestaan daar nog geen vasgestelde teks vir die geskrif nie en is daar nog nie 'n volledige vertaling nie. Hierdie twee faktore asook die feit dat die fragmente tematiese ooreenstemming (maar ook verskille) toon met ander wysheidsgeskrifte, het as motivering vir hierdie studie gedien. In hierdie studie gee ek 'n eie komposisie van die teks asook 'n vertaling van die geselekteerde fragmente (4Q417 2i-ii en 4Q416 2ii-iv ) van 4Qlnstruction weer. Deur middel van intertekstualiteit word die fragmente vergelyk met ander wysheidsgeskrifte (Ben Sira, ander Qumran-geskrifte en Spreuke) uit die Israelitiese geledere, Bepaalde wysheidstemas is in die fragmente geïdentifiseer, waarna dit met ooreenstemmende temas in die ander geselekteerde geskrifte vergelyk is, Die intertekstuele studie behels 'n bestudering van die geskrewe teks sowel as die gebeurde teks, Die onderskeie geskrifte se tekste sowel as kontekste is met ander woorde met mekaar vergelyk, in 'n poging om die rede(s) vir die ooreenstemmende asook verskillende opvattings oor soortgelyke temas binne die Israelitiese 'biblioteek' te verklaar. Na aanleiding van die intertekstuele studie wi! dit voorkom asof die ooreenstemminge voor die deur van die 'bronteks' (oorspronklike teks) gelê kan word, terwyl die verskille meer verstaanbaar is in die Iig van die onderskeie geskrifte se omstandighede (konteks/ sosiaie teks). ENGLISH: In the late eighties and the early nineties of this century most of the Oumran texts which were discovered were made public. Along with this, many opportunities arose for scholars to study the many documents contained therein. 4Qlnstruction is one of the documents which became available and as a result thereof, a wide range of opportunities opened up to scholars. Due to the fragmentary nature of the text, there is as yet no formal text of the document available. The motivation for this study arises from the above mentioned factors along with the fact that the fragments have both similarities and differences within certain themes. In this study I am presenting my own reconstruction and translation of selected 4Qlnstruction fragments (4Q417 2i-ii and 4Q416 2ii-iv). By using intertextual study, the fragments are compared with other wisdom texts (Ben Sira, other Qumran texts and Proverbs) from the Israelite 'library'. Certain wisdom themes are identified in the fragments and compared with similar themes in the other selected texts. The Intertextual study involves a study of the written text(s) as well as of the actual events (social text). Hence, the text(s) and context(s) of the selected works are compared with each other in an attempt to explain the reasons for the similarities as well as the varying opinions within the similar wisdom themes contained in the Israelite 'library'. In the Intertextual approach, it appears as if the similarities can be attributed to the original Israelite theology or ideology, while the differences are due to the varying situations (context/ social text). / Dissertation (MA (Semitic Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

Atos de Paulo e Tecla narra as provações e extraordinários livramentos experimentados por Tecla, uma jovem e bela virgem de Icônio, após tornar-se cristã através da pregação de Paulo. Provavelmente a obra foi composta em meados do século II, o que coincide com o auge da produção dos romances gregos e do florescimento da Segunda Sofística. Embora apresente importantes pontos de contato com o romance antigo e com a literatura cristã canônica, Atos de Paulo e Tecla também se diferencia consideravelmente destes, o que o coloca claramente em um grupo à parte. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma tradução do texto grego para o português juntamente com um estudo de suas relações com o romance antigo e uma análise de seu contexto. / The Acts of Paul and Thecla narrates the trials and extraordinary deliverance experienced by Thecla, a beautiful young virgin from Iconium, after she became a Christian by Paul\'s preaching. The work was composed in the middle of the second century, simultaneously with the peak of ancient Greek novel production and the flourishing of the Second Sophistic. Despite extensive similarities between the ancient novel, the canonical Christian literature, and The Acts of Paul and Thecla, the latter differs considerably from the other two. This dissertation includes the translation of this narrative from Greek to Portuguese, a study about its correlation with the ancient novel, as well as an analysis of its historical and literary context.