The archaeobotanical analysis of the waste infill contributed to understanding its origin and composition based of two types of sample extraction. Large amount of desiccated botanical marco-remains was determinated. Beside of the common taxa rare imported species were also captured. Some of them are the first determinations in Central Europe; one case is the first evidence in Europe at all. The richness and uniqueness of the archaeobotanical collection declare the high society status, economical and cultural centre of the Prague castle in the early modern period.