Chang Hoi Wood Howard. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1999-2000, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter §0 --- foreword / Chapter §1 --- As all I know- / Chapter §2 --- Architecture and my heart / Chapter §3 --- "About research method," / Chapter §4 --- "In the films of Pasolini," / Chapter §5 --- "In the thesis," / Chapter §6 --- Confinement / Chapter §7 --- "House," / Chapter §8 --- What is the meaning of a tone? / Chapter §9 --- "Reading the books of Foucault," / Chapter §10 --- "...passport," / Chapter §11 --- "Architecture, planned quantitative environment," / Chapter §12 --- "...we have the potential, to commit the same crime..." / Chapter §13 --- I may start with an analogy. / Chapter §14 --- "From the analogy of medical system," / Chapter §15 --- The cities / Chapter §16 --- "Lives are segregated," / Chapter §17 --- Philosophy is the creation / Chapter §18 --- "Architecture, the patron saint" / Chapter §19 --- The presence of a secret police / Chapter §20 --- "Truth: So, here must raise a question: how is the morality" / Chapter §21 --- So the story would develop like this: / Chapter §22 --- "Architecture as a thing," / Chapter §23 --- 8/9/99 / Chapter §24 --- the first raising of the four notions / Chapter §25 --- the implication of the ox picture / Chapter §26 --- general structure / Chapter §27 --- encystment / Chapter §27-1 --- general exposition of the concept / Chapter §27-2 --- "specific exposition of the notion: on occasion, on event, on form, on mood- state of mind, on action´ؤstate of body " / Chapter §28 --- boredom / Chapter §28-1 --- general exposition of the notion / Chapter §28-2 --- "specific exposition of the notion: on occasion, on event, on form, on mood- state of mind, on action´ؤstate of body " / Chapter §29 --- forgetfulness & fancy / Chapter §29-1 --- general exposition of the notions / Chapter §29-2 --- "specific exposition of the notion: on occasion, on event, on form, on mood´ؤstate of mind, on action´ؤstate of body " / Chapter §30 --- Mirror Ball / Chapter §31 --- Confession / Chapter §32 --- the four notions diagram / Chapter §33 --- Limbo / Chapter §34 --- duration / Chapter §35 --- """Every understanding has its mood. Every state-of-mind is one in which one understands." / Chapter §36 --- "position, location & site" / Chapter §37 --- The locations may not have direct relation with the notions. / Chapter §38 --- combined exposition on the locations and the notions / Chapter §39 --- "boredom temporalizing the world and encystment spatializing the world, and let Being become world- related." / Chapter §40 --- "I watched ""Fight Club""." / Chapter §41 --- mission statement at 1/11/99 / Chapter §42 --- client / Chapter §43 --- "the statement The piece exposed, through the rewriting of the mall, the situation of boredom and encystment as the contemporary attunements. It helped recognize, in confession, that they are formed by our indulging of the secular affairs´ؤwe are bored/ encysted in our life lines." / Chapter §44 --- life lines / Chapter §45 --- """The standard architectural program consists of habits, routines and work." / Chapter §46 --- "In an apparently free place, with so much choices, the mall," / Chapter §47 --- I may ask what does these diagrams and timetables means? / Chapter §48 --- """We are designed to be hunters and we're in a society of shopping." / Chapter §49 --- (The following pictures are the reference to form the program) / Chapter §50 --- "It is not an improvement of the conventional shopping mall," / Chapter §51 --- "Wasting time, wasting energy" / Chapter §52 --- "Beside taking the heros as the subject for the construction of the architecture," / Chapter §53 --- Program / Chapter §54 --- "In play, the everyman participates into the operation of power, / Chapter §55 --- Maze / Chapter §56 --- drawing / Chapter §57 --- models / Chapter §58 --- precedent studies / Chapter §59 --- bibliography / Chapter §60 --- thank you

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In the earlier stages of globalization, global chain hotel design did not have specific concerns about local culture and host country. In the last two decades, these hotels became more respectful towards the local culture by integrating local cultural elements and construction techniques in their design. The reasons for this shift is directly linked with globalization, increased competition between cities, fierce competition between urban hotels, and changing demands of the global travelers.Among the hotels integrating local cultural values, there is a specific niche that has established their businesses in historical landmark buildings. This thesis will demonstrate the presence of this specific hotel niche through case studies conducted in London and Istanbul. It will examine how the integration of local cultural values may improve the competiveness of global chain hotels. The focus will be on integration of historic cultural values. / Department of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Geography / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies

This dissertation explores the paradox of precision in postwar architecture, when dissonant aesthetic desires and concerns regarding environmental regulation forced a reconciliation of material techniques with theoretical accuracy. The modern ideal of exactitude was frequently at odds with the divergent processes of building research, engineering, manufacturing, and environmental management. Suspended within the strata of newly developed curtain walls was a suddenly critical technical and architectural problem: how to achieve the kind of modulated environment implied by the highly regulated lines and taut materiality of the glazed envelope. Unlike outwardly legible structural systems, typically celebrated as modernism’s heroic force, techniques of enclosure defined modern interior atmospheres. Precision was key to demarcating the interior environment, and architects relied upon the burgeoning building products industry for research on the most advanced techniques in glazing, component assembly, solar control, sealants, air-conditioning systems, and weathering protection. The dissertation is structured as four case studies of enclosure details from buildings accommodating diplomacy, industrial production, risk management, and global financial operations: the United Nations Secretariat building (1952), two factory buildings for the Cummins Engine Company (1966 and 1975), the headquarters of insurance broker Willis, Faber & Dumas (1975), and the headquarters of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (1986). While the research centers on fragments of much larger building projects, the analysis of particular enclosures unfolds to address the spatial reverberations of progressive societal shifts over the period, from internationalized conceptions of architecture and statecraft following the Second World War, through western corporate growth and global expansion during the 1960s and 1970s, to the emergence of a neoliberal economic regime inflecting the formation of corporate space during the 1970s and 1980s. The details scrutinized here delineate interiors that operate as microcosms mirroring global social and economic circumstances.

This dissertation studies a critical turn in Southern European discourses on urban form, one that shaped new approaches to political engagement in architecture and urbanism in the 1970s. Beginning in the 1960s, a group of left-leaning architects and intellectuals in Italian academia, concerned with the effects of speculative development on urban populations, theorized a new political approach to the city based on critical histories of urban form. I argue that this discourse on urban form carried an “historical imperative”—a demand to analyze the history of a city prior to any plan or project. Essential to this imperative was the idea that the history of modernity, in its processes of development and social relations, was inscribed in urban form. Accessing this knowledge via urban analysis meant accessing tools to reposition the architectural profession and critically engage with the development of the city. This study examines the discourses on urban form in the context of the Spanish and Portuguese transition to democracy, and how Iberian architects translated and deployed the central concepts of typology and urban morphology toward democratic processes such as decentralization, social preservation, and urban rights. While the history of modern architecture and politics has been typically associated with visionary utopias and state technocracy, this dissertation challenges this perspective by concentrating on the translation of discourse into the reform of professional institutions. In a circular movement between Italian theories—of Carlo Aymonino, Aldo Rossi, and Manfredo Tafuri, among others—and their Iberian translations, this study traces four institutional fronts reshaped by this critical approach to urban form: the reform of urban pedagogy and planning led by Manuel Solà-Morales in Barcelona; the introduction of typology in the preservation of historical centers; the creation of a decentralized housing program in the Portuguese SAAL process; and the revision of modern architectural historiography by Ignasi Solà-Morales, Josep Quetglas, and Víctor Perez Escolano. Interweaving the histories of Italian and Iberian architectural discourse in an expanded intellectual map, this study offers a critical reflection on the intersection of conceptual and institutional frameworks of architecture, politics, and urban form, and repositions architecture in relation to democratic processes pertaining the city.

This is a study of the unexplored layers of the Japanese practice of urban planning and architecture in urban Manchuria (current northeast China) during the first half of the twentieth century. I reframe my examination within a broader context of international imperialism and Japanese reception of modern architecture during the first half of the twentieth century and argue that the dynamic interactions among the Japanese, Russian, and Chinese politicians and architects mutually shaped the international cityscapes in Manchuria. Moreover, I examine Japanese architects’ writings and buildings to illustrate how they regulated the indigenous and former colonial spaces and constructed a modern living space in Manchuria through the development of residential houses. 旧満洲（現在中国東北地方）における植民地都市空間の研究は、これまで公共建築や日本帝国の拡張を中心におこなわれてきた。本研究では、旧満洲都市の商業・生活空間に焦点をあて、建築史、美術史、地域学、社会学などを融合させた従来と異なる学際的なアプローチで、旧満洲の植民地都市空間を再考し、植民地支配の空間体験とモダニズムの本質を解明する。 満洲のケーススタディとして、20世紀前半の長春＝新京の商業・生活空間に焦点をあて、日・中・露の連携と競争がもたらした都市空間の形成と変遷を明らかにする。著者が発見した数枚の古地図を分析し、文献資料と照合しながら、1932年まで長春に共存した日本鉄道付属地とロシア鉄道付属地や中国の城内・商埠地との空間的な相互依存関係を検討する。三国の政治と経済の錯綜する土地である長春は、流動的で多層的な都市空間だったのである。さらに、満洲で活躍した日本人建築家の活動と言説を中心に、彼らが設計したモダン住宅や植民地観光のビジュアル資料を再考し、観光表象における「帝国的まなざし」と日常空間との重なりや齟齬を明らかにし、その観光空間と戦後に流行した満洲ロマンやノスタルジーとの関係にも焦点をあててきた。

The aim of this dissertation is the study of postmodern aesthetic theory, as it relates to architecture. Because it was not clear at the outset if the postmodern discourse were relevant to architecture in South Africa, examples in this country will he discussed. Dealing, as it does, with the study of aesthetic theory, the discussion of buildings and the criticism of buildings are not the primary' objectives of this study, although the importance of making arguments applicable to actual buildings as examples is acknowledged. Broad principles in the theory of postmodernism are dealt with first, namely the shifts that have occurred on economic and cultural levels in Western societies during the last three decades. The re-evaluation of Western-culture is discussed, as it relates to the criticism of the Enlightenment tradition and positivism by pragmatist philosophy and the Frankfurt School. In chapter four, which deals with 'culture industry*, then observation that cultural goods are becoming consumer commodities, and the diminishing gap between 'high art' and popular culture, are discussed.

This dissertation charts a spatial, architectural, and landscape history of German settlement colonialism (Siedlungskolonialismus) in the Prussian Polish Provinces and German South West Africa, between 1884 and 1918. It situates this study from the framework of Germany’s late nineteenth century project of internal colonization (innere Kolonisation), which forms an almost exact temporal parallel with Germany’s external colonial interventions and can be seen as an indispensable part of its broader apparatus, which points to new connections within its entangled fields of operation. Following several generations of German architects, planners, social scientists, and settlement practitioners (Ansiedlungspraktiker) working at the borders of empire, this dissertation asks how the colonial question of land shaped modern planning discourse at the turn of the century. Broadly speaking, I look at how state control over the freedom of movement, colonial land reclamation, and the resistance these interventions encountered contoured modernism’s politics of land. This study illustrates how the languages of German architectural and planning modernism were marked by asymmetric and discordant processes of colonial spatialization—a multivalent transfiguration of the landscape in which the local, indigenous, and pre-colonial populations played a central, if often unacknowledged, role. This project seeks in turn to read that resistance, as interlocutor, back into the history of German colonial intervention in the two regions under discussion in this study. Finally, I argue that placing these episodes together within the same discursive framework, tracing the spatiality and aesthetics of German imperial expansion from the analytic of settlement, opens up a new set of questions regarding the role of enclosure and its epistemologies in architectural modernism. This brings the often-sidelined issue of agrarian modernity and the disciplining of the landscape (in the Foucauldian sense), to bear on modern architectural histories.

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