Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-16T16:19:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Neres de Almeida Jr.pdf: 4859603 bytes, checksum: 9dbce45e61e210743a7f153d58448c71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T16:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Neres de Almeida Jr.pdf: 4859603 bytes, checksum: 9dbce45e61e210743a7f153d58448c71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims to present the Remote Automated Spectrophotometry project, an experiment executed remotely, within the structure and context of the use of a Remote Laboratory with multipurpose applications, that is, a remote sensing laboratory that is developed in PUC / SP, called Webduino, the WebLab of PUC-SP. This experiment presents interdisciplinary characteristics, in the sense of mixing physics contents with areas of Biology, Arts and Photography, given the study of topics such as colorimetric synthesis, color patterns, physiological diseases associated with colors, as well as topics of Physics, referring to the development of the presented experiment, such as diffraction, constructive interference, among others, all presented in a way that is understandable to the target public, that is, high school students and also the common public. In this case, the experiment in question is defined in the study of the chromatic synthesis, based on the spectrometry, be the theoretical part and operation, or in obtaining results of the different intensities of irradiance for the different colors, diffracted by the diffraction grating, which form the original color, coming from LED lamp. To this purpose, this study, and the implementation of the experiment, were carried out with a prototype construction approach, based on the idea of the development methodology, emphasized by Van den Ayken, aiming at a later implementation and verification, with tests of functionality and adequacy to possible user needs, for use in the future project of the Remote Laboratory and verification of possible improvements to the intended target public. In addition, we intend that the methodology behind the environment in which the remote laboratory is located, in the future, will be characterized by a inquiry based learning (IBL) methodology (DIKKE et al, 2015); (DE JONG et al, 2013); (ZACHARIAS et al., 2015), with the contents of the remote environment being oriented towards an idea that guides the user to the understanding of the subject, through scientific method (conceptualization, theory, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion), for the future PhD project . Thus, initially research was carried out to survey the state of art and to survey the theoretical basis of the proposed theme, and according to current needs, the prototype of the experiment was assembled, as well as the adaptation of the network architecture structure created in the past years, to the suitability of the laboratory with remote access, within an environment that is compatible with the intentions of the experiment, aiming at exploring the topics related to the study of colors, especially regarding chromatic synthesis, for this experiment, as well as the possible requirements of professionals in the area, for future projects. Also, in the environment elaborated, the remote laboratory intends to develop didactic resources that allow to use the Arduino board applied to Science Teaching, particularly, in Physics Teaching, in High School. The development platform selected to manage the experiments is WebLab-Deusto, for its intelligibility, functionality and security. Due to the structural issues of a Remote Laboratory, and as pointed out in the researched literature (LIMA et al., 2013), (SILVA, 2007), (NETO, 2012), it is also necessary that the development and the access platform is inserted in the Remote environment of the experiment, affording to parameters that allow the user to learn the concepts studied and the experiences that he will control and collect the data for later analysis. In order to do so, it was re-elaborated and readapted, besides the experiment that specifies the remote laboratory, the environment to contemplate the requirements for the teaching of Sciences, as well as for the learning of the physical concepts of the experience that the user performs / Esta dissertação visa apresentar o projeto Espectrofotometria Remota Automatizada, um experimento executado remotamente, dentro da estrutura e contexto do uso de um Laboratório Remoto com aplicações variadas, isto é, um laboratório de sensoriamento remoto que se desenvolve na PUC/SP, denominado Webduino, o WebLab da PUC-SP. Este experimento apresenta características interdisciplinares, no sentido de mesclar conteúdos de Física com áreas da Biologia, Artes e Fotografia, dado o estudo de temas como síntese colorimétrica, padrões de cores, deficiências cromáticas, além de tópicos de Física, referentes ao desenvolvimento do experimento apresentado, como a difração, interferência construtiva, entre outros, todos eles apresentados de forma que seja compreensível ao público-alvo, ou seja, alunos do ensino médio e também o público leigo. No caso, o experimento em questão, se define no estudo da síntese cromática, com base na espectrometria, seja a parte teórica e funcionamento, seja na obtenção de resultados das diferentes intensidades de irradiância para as diferentes cores, difratadas pela rede de difração, e que formam a cor original, vinda da lâmpada de LED. Para tanto, este estudo, e a implementação do experimento, foram realizados com uma abordagem de construção de protótipo, com base na ideia da metodologia de desenvolvimento, ressaltada por Van den Ayken, visando uma implementação posterior e verificação, com testes de funcionalidade e adequação a possíveis necessidades de usuários, para utilização em projeto futuro do Laboratório Remoto e verificação de possíveis melhorias frente ao público-alvo pretendido. Além disso, pretendemos que a metodologia por trás do ambiente em que o laboratório remoto se encontra, futuramente se caracterize por uma metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em investigação (DIKKE et al, 2015); (DE JONG et al, 2013); (ZACHARIAS et al, 2015), com os conteúdos do ambiente remoto se orientando para uma ideia que guie o usuário para a compreensão do tema, via método científico (conceitualização, teoria, hipótese, experimento, conclusão), para o projeto futuro de doutorado. Sendo assim, inicialmente foram realizadas pesquisas de levantamento do estado da arte e do levantamento da fundamentação teórica do tema proposto, e conforme as necessidades atuais, procedeu-se à montagem do protótipo do experimento, bem como a adaptação da estrutura de arquitetura de rede criada para a adequação do laboratório com acesso remoto, dentro de um ambiente que seja condizente com as necessidades do experimento, visando exploração dos tópicos relacionados ao estudo das cores, principalmente no que se refere à síntese cromática, para este experimento, bem como à possíveis necessidade pedagógicas dos profissionais da área, esta última para projeto futuro. Ainda, no ambiente elaborado, o laboratório remoto pretende desenvolver recursos didáticos que permitam utilizar a placa Arduino aplicada ao Ensino de Ciências, em particular no Ensino de Física, no Ensino Médio. A plataforma de desenvolvimento selecionada para gerenciar os experimentos é o WebLab-Deusto, por sua inteligibilidade, funcionalidade e segurança. Devido às questões estruturais de um Laboratório Remoto, e como apontado na literatura pesquisada (LIMA et. al., 2013), (SILVA, 2007), (NETO, 2012), também é necessário que a plataforma de desenvolvimento e acionamento esteja inserida no ambiente remoto do experimento, conforme parâmetros que possibilitem ao usuário a aprendizagem dos conceitos estudados e das experiências que ele venha a controlar e coletar os dados para posterior análise. Para tanto, foi reelaborado e readaptado, além do experimento que especifica o laboratório remoto, o ambiente para contemplar as necessidades para o ensino de Ciências, bem como para a aprendizagem dos conceitos físicos, da experiência que o usuário realiza

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-19T00:05:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme C Princival 2016.pdf: 4575723 bytes, checksum: eec69ee359768c1136173448bd115fa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-19T00:05:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme C Princival 2016.pdf: 4575723 bytes, checksum: eec69ee359768c1136173448bd115fa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-09 / Biogas is known as an alternative source of energy, comprises essentially a mixture of methane gas (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This study aimed to haracterize the biogas through a computer system (hardware and software), taking into account the two main gas composition, allowing in situ analysis, online and continuously, without human intervention in the process. For this, an experiment was conducted using electronic prototyping platform Arduino, which is fed with data from a sensor that uses non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy technology (NDIR). The results show that the system was efficient, once it is possible to monitor the concentration of CO2 and CH4 through real-time generated graphics. Moreover, it was possible to analyze the internal temperature of the anaerobic reactor through an integrated sensor to the monitoring system, which demonstrates its scalability, a desirable feature in computer systems. It was concluded also that the system detects the first signs of instability in the biodigestion process, allowing acceptable answers to establish countermeasures for its compensation. / O biogás, entendido como uma fonte alternativa de energia, é constituído por uma mistura de gases essencialmente metano (CH4) e por dióxido de carbono (CO2). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar o biogás por meio de um sistema computacional (hardware e software), levando em conta os dois principais gases de sua composição, possibilitando análise in situ, de forma online e contínua, sem a intervenção humana no processo. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um experimento utilizando a plataforma de prototipagem eletrônica Arduino, alimentada com dados de um sensor que utiliza a tecnologia de espectroscopia de infravermelho não dispersivo (NDIR). Os resultados apontam que o sistema desenvolvido foi eficiente, sendo possível o monitoramento da concentração de CO2 e CH4, por meio de gráficos gerados em tempo real. Além disso, foi possível analisar a temperatura interna do reator anaeróbio através de um sensor integrado ao sistema de monitoramento, que demonstra sua escalabilidade, uma característica desejável em sistemas computacionais. Pôde-se concluir, também, que o sistema detecta os primeiros indícios de uma instabilidade no processo de biodigestão, permitindo respostas aceitáveis no estabelecimento de contramedidas para sua compensação.

Fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the ability to hover combine the speed and endurance of traditional fixed-wing fight with the stable hovering and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capabilities of helicopters and quadrotors. This combination of abilities can provide strategic advantages for UAV operators, especially when operating in urban environments where the airspace may be crowded with obstacles. Traditionally, fixed-wing UAVs with hovering capabilities had to be custom designed for specific payloads and missions, often requiring custom autopilots and unconventional airframe configurations. With recent government spending cuts, UAV operators like the military and law enforcement agencies have been urging UAV developers to make their aircraft cheaper, more versatile, and easier to repair. This thesis discusses the use of the commercially available ArduPilot open source autopilot, to autonomously transition a fixed-wing UAV to and from hover flight. Software modifications were made to the ArduPilot firmware to add hover flight modes using both Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) Control and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) with the goal of making the controllers robust enough so that anyone in the ArduPilot community could use their own ArduPilot board and their own fixed-wing airframe (as long as it has enough power to maintain stable hover) to achieve autonomous hover after some simple gain tuning. Three new hover flight modes were developed and tested first in simulation and then in flight using an E-Flight Carbon Z Yak 54 RC aircraft model, which was equipped with an ArduPilot 2.5 autopilot board. Results from both the simulations and flight test experiments where the airplane transitions both to and from autonomous hover flight are presented.

Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are the most common variety of UAS in use today and provide invaluable capabilities to both the military and civil services. Keeping the sensors centered on a point of interest for an extended period of time is a demanding task requiring the full attention and cooperation of the UAS pilot and sensor operator. There is great interest in developing technologies which allow an operator to designate a target and allow the aircraft to automatically maneuver and track the designated target without operator intervention. Presently, the barriers to entry for developing these technologies are high: expertise in aircraft dynamics and control as well as in real- time motion video analysis is required and the cost of the systems required to flight test these technologies is prohibitive. However, if the research intent is purely to develop a vehicle maneuvering controller then it is possible to obviate the video analysis problem entirely. This research presents a solution to the target tracking problem which reliably provides automatic target detection and tracking with low expense and computational overhead by making use of the infrared sensor from a Nintendo Wii Remote Controller.

The state of STEM education in America's high schools is currently in flux, with billions annually being poured into the NSF to increase national STEM literacy. Hands-on project-based learning interventions in the STEM classroom are ubiquitous but tend to focus on robotics or competition based curriculums. These curricula do not address musical creativity or cultural relevancy to reach under-represented or disinterested groups. By utilizing an analog synthesizer for STEM learning standards this research aims to engage students that may otherwise lack confidence in the field. By incorporating the Maker Movement, a STEAM architecture, and culturally relevant musical examples, this study’s goal to build both self-efficacy and literacy in STEM within under-represented groups through hands-on exercises with a Moog analog synthesizer, specifically the Moog Werkstatt. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test/post-test design was crafted to determine study validity, and has been implemented in three separate studies. Several age demographics were selected across a variety of classroom models and teaching style. The purpose of this wide net was to explore where a tool like the Werkstatt and its accompanying curriculum would have the biggest impact. Results show that this curriculum and technique are largely ineffective in an inverted Music elective classroom. However, in the STEM classroom, literacy and confidence were built across genders, with females showing greater increases in engineering confidence and music technology interest than their male counterparts.

The present work represents both: a design proposal and a proposal for design.Today we are exposed to more and louder noise than ever before in all areas of human life, which alters the environment, our health and the quality of social interaction to the worse. Therefore, this project takes its departure point in the concept of Stille (German for stillness and silence) in order to oppose this culture of noise. Our surroundings influence our actions and vice versa we alter these surroundings with our actions. However, since constructed within every detail, they do not allow a transient feedback to take place naturally. A possible otherness is hardly attainable in an overly planned reality.This thesis seeks to transcend the boundaries where descriptive language ceases to function and introduces materiality and interactive devices to evoke other avenues of reflection where the boundaries of actor, context and artefact converge. The proposal at hand embodies the fundamental principles of Stille in order to exploit aspects of parametric design and contingency. It imagines and materialises alternative ways of a potentially open process in which our physical environment could continuously constitute itself. Both hidden and apparent aspects of reality are unraveled and transformed into artifacts. The work depicts the transient complexity of reality and the contingent influence of everyone on our surroundings. How is our behaviour altered by the materialisation of ideas? How receptive is the current design practice to a constantly changing reality?

Esta dissertação apresenta uma atividade direcionada aos alunos do terceiro ano do Curso Técnico de Informática. A ideia foi utilizar microcontroladores, Arduino, como ferramenta mediadora no Ensino de Física. Para desenvolver esse procedimento foi considerado o desejo de trabalhar de forma motivadora, visando uma aprendizagem significativa guiada por descobertas, enfatizando o que o aluno conhece e não suas carências. O projeto apresenta uma estratégia de ensino embasada em teorias de formação social da mente e zona de desenvolvimento proximal abordados por Lev Vygotsky e de teoria de projetos propostos por Hernández. / This dissertation utilizes an activity for students of the third year of Technical Computer Course activity. The idea was to use microcontrollers, Arduino with mediating tool in Physics Teaching. To develop this procedure was deemed a desire to work in a motivating way, targeting a significant learning motivated by findings with emphasizing what the student knows and not their shortcomings. The project presents a teaching strategy grounded in theories of social formation of mind, zone of proximal development Lev Vygotsky addressed by theory and projects proposed by Hernández.

Um dos principais desafios que um professor de Física enfrenta ao tentar atualizar suas aulas e trazer novas abordagens para o contexto escolar diz respeito a infraestrutura necessária para implementá-las. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de materiais instrucionais de baixo custo para a realização de experimentos de Física relacionados ao conteúdo de Cinemática usando a placa Arduino-UNO como interface para aquisição de dados. Para isto foi desenvolvido um material didático, amparado na Teoria de Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel, composto por: I) equipamento constituído por sensores ópticos infravermelhos e ultrassônico; II) três modelos de shield para a placa Arduino-UNO; III) softwares desenvolvidos em Python para visualização em tempo real dos gráficos de posição, velocidade e aceleração em função do tempo; IV) vídeos tutoriais mostrando a montagem de todo o equipamento utilizado para aquisição de dados; V) guias pedagógicos para orientar o professor na aplicação das aulas; VI) guias de atividades elaborados com a metodologia “Predizer, Interagir e Explicar” (P.I.E.). O material instrucional foi elaborado dentro de um conceito de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA). Atribuímos licenças permissivas a todo o material desenvolvido neste trabalho a fim de que professores, pesquisadores, estudantes e demais membros da sociedade possam usar, estudar, modificar e compartilhar livremente todo o seu conteúdo. A proposta foi implementada em três turmas do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio na Escola Técnica Frederico Guilherme Schmidt na cidade de São Leopoldo (RS), durante o terceiro trimestre de 2014, totalizando dezenove períodos. Durante a aplicação do projeto foram realizadas duas provas como instrumento de avaliação da aprendizagem, além dos questionários que fazem parte do guia de atividades dos alunos, entregues no final de cada tarefa. Os resultados indicam que o uso de experimentos com aquisição automática de dados nas aulas de Física, em conjunto com uma metodologia adequada de ensino, contribuíram para o aprendizado e motivação dos alunos. Acreditamos que, por se tratar de um material didático de baixo custo, elaborado com uso de softwares livres e hardware aberto, é altamente disseminável e tornar-se-á muito útil para o desenvolvimento de projetos e práticas educacionais no Ensino de Física. / One of the main challenges faced by physics teachers to bring innovative teaching approaches to class is related to the lack of infrastructure to implement it. The objective of this work was to develop low cost instructional materials to conduct didactical experiments about Kinematics using the Arduino-UNO board as an interface for data acquisition. It was developed a teaching material, supported by the Theory of Meaningful Learning (David Ausubel), composed of: i) an equipment with infrared and ultrasonic sensors; II) three shields for the Arduino-UNO board; III) a software developed in Python for real time visualization of graphs position, velocity and acceleration versus time; IV) video tutorials showing the assembly of all equipment used for data acquisition; V) teaching guides to orient the lessons; VI) activity guides designed with the methodology "Predict, Interact and Explain" (P.I.E.). The instructional material was prepared within a concept of Open Educational Resources (OER). We attribute permissive licenses to all material developed so teachers, researchers, students and other members of society can use, study, modify and freely share all the content. The proposal was implemented in three high school classes at the Frederico Guilherme Schmidt Technical School in São Leopoldo (Brazil) during the third quarter of 2014, totalizing 19 class periods. Questionnaires and exams were carried on to evaluate students learning. Our results suggests the use of experiments with automatic data acquisition in physics classes, together with an appropriate teaching methodology, contributed to the learning and student's motivation. Considering the low cost of the hardware and the use of open source software and open hardware the materials developed can be easily adopted giving to the teachers minimal conditions for the development of projects and educational practices in physics teaching.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma atividade direcionada aos alunos do terceiro ano do Curso Técnico de Informática. A ideia foi utilizar microcontroladores, Arduino, como ferramenta mediadora no Ensino de Física. Para desenvolver esse procedimento foi considerado o desejo de trabalhar de forma motivadora, visando uma aprendizagem significativa guiada por descobertas, enfatizando o que o aluno conhece e não suas carências. O projeto apresenta uma estratégia de ensino embasada em teorias de formação social da mente e zona de desenvolvimento proximal abordados por Lev Vygotsky e de teoria de projetos propostos por Hernández. / This dissertation utilizes an activity for students of the third year of Technical Computer Course activity. The idea was to use microcontrollers, Arduino with mediating tool in Physics Teaching. To develop this procedure was deemed a desire to work in a motivating way, targeting a significant learning motivated by findings with emphasizing what the student knows and not their shortcomings. The project presents a teaching strategy grounded in theories of social formation of mind, zone of proximal development Lev Vygotsky addressed by theory and projects proposed by Hernández.

The purpose of the project is to implement a control system for a 3- axis camera stabilizer. The stabilization is done by controlling three blushless DC motors driving the yaw, pitch and roll movements of the camera stabilizer's frame, respectively. The stabilizer's frame (equipped with three motors) is used in this project, and it is directly taken from a commercial product, Feiyu Tech G4S. The control system concerned in this project consists of a Teensy 3.6 microcontroller unit (MCU) implemented with three PID controllers, the motor drivers to drive the three motors, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of 9 degrees of freedom.The MCU is also used to process the IMU angle measurements of the camera position in 3- axis motion, in particular, it converts the IMU raw data to an angle for each of the axis, it then processes the angle data using a Kalman filter to reduce the noise. In the end of the project a prototype has been built and tested, it uses the control system to run the stabilizing process. It is shown to work quite successfully. In particular, it can run smoothly in the roll and pitch axes and compensate for unwanted movement, however the yaw axis does not function as intended due to a misplacement as well as poor calibration process of the magnetometer sensor in the IMU, which is left for future work.