abstract: Many communities that once relied on the extractive industries have since turned to tourism to find another source of income. These communities are primarily old mining towns. Since these towns have started to reinvent themselves, they have become important places of study. Previous literature has found specific factors that are common in tourist shopping villages. Currently, there is not much research that has explored the affect the streetscape and servicescape have on visitor experiences. Existing research focuses on urban shopping settings such as shopping malls. This study interviewed employees and surveyed visitors in two suburban tourist shopping villages in Arizona. More specifically, it is aimed to explore how the streetscapes and servicescapes in tourist shopping villages influence visitors' overall experience, intent to return to the village, and their purchasing behavior. This study adds to the current literature on tourist shopping villages and the streetscapes and servicescapes as there is a limited amount of information available. To date, the majority of scholarly information available describes the factors of tourist shopping villages and does not attempt to identify their importance for tourists. This study may serve as a stepping platform for future research. The findings of this study offer important implications for destination marketing organizations, different stakeholders of tourism, and the policy makers. This study primarily focuses on the tourists' view of tourist shopping villages, and can offer insight into how to increase visitor spending. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Community Resources and Development 2013

Este trabalho analisa um projeto de urbanização de favelas, onde foi implantado o Programa de Saneamento Ambiental da Bacia do Guarapiranga, localizado na região Sudoeste da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). O local selecionado para o estudo é conhecido como a Comunidade Sete de Setembro, instalada numa área de proteção aos mananciais e pertencente à SubPrefeitura de Capela do Socorro.No estudo do referido caso, adotou-se o método denominado Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO), que se constitui num conjunto de métodos e técnicas, aplicado em ambientes já construídos e já ocupados. Foi analisado como o usuário se apropriou das benfeitorias promovidas no local e apresentado o grau de satisfação dos moradores em relação às intervenções efetuadas. / This work analyses a slum (favela) upgrading project which is part of the Programa de Saneamento Ambiental da Bacia do Guarapiranga (Program of Environmental Sanitation of the Guarapiranga Basin), located in the Southeast region of Sao Paulo´s Metropolitan Area. The slum selected for this case is known as Comunidade Sete de Setembro. It is located in a protected area for water catchment and belongs to the borough of Capela do Socorro. In the study a Post-Occupation Evaluation (POE) methodology was used. This method consists on the aplication of a series of methods and techniques in applied research of built environments which are in use. It analyses mainly how the user is appropriating the intervention. This work presents the satisfaction of the residents regarding the upgrading interventions performed.

This work focuses on the problem that pertains to area searching with UAVs. Specifically developing algorithms that generate flight paths that are short with- out sacrificing flyability. For instance, very sharp turns will compromise flyability since fixed wing aircraft cannot make very sharp turns. This thesis provides an analysis of different types of search methods, area decompositions, and combi- nations thereof. The search methods used are side to side searching and spiral searching. In side to side searching the aircraft goes back and forth only making 90-degree turns. Spiral search searches the shape in a spiral pattern starting on the outer perimeter working its way in. The idea being that it should generate flight paths that are easy to fly since all turns should be with a large turn radii. Area decomposition is done to divide complex shapes into smaller more manage- able shapes. The report concludes that with the implemented methods the side to side scanning method without area decomposition yields good and above all very reliable results. The reliability stems from the fact that all turns are 90 degrees and that algorithm never get stuck or makes bad mistakes. Only having 90 degree turns results in only four different types of turns. This allows the airplanes behav- ior along the route to be predictable after flying the first four turns. Although this assumes that the strength of the wind is a greater influence than the turbulences effect on the aircraft’s flight characteristics. This is a very valuable feature for an operator in charge of a flight. The other tested methods and area decompositions often yield a shorter flight path, however, despite extensive adjustments to the algorithms they never came to handle all cases in a satisfactory manner. These methods may also generate any kind of turn at any time, including turns of nearly 180 degrees. These turns can lead to an airplane missing the intended flight path and thus missing to scan the intended area properly. Area decomposition proves to be really effective only when the area has many protrusions that stick out in different directions, think of a starfish shape. In these cases the side to side algo- rithm generate a path that has long legs over parts that are not in the search area. When the area is decomposed the algorithm starts with, for example, one arm of the starfish at a time and then search the rest of the arms and body in turn.

Decisions made regarding road building have far-flung consequences. Spending money on roads means that other public goals such as farmland preservation, air quality improvement and provision of housing may be frustrated. In order for knowledgeable land-use decisions to be made, the full cost of roads needs to be examined. This thesis explores the issue of roadway land costs from a professional planning point of view. A method for calculating roadway land costs is developed and is then applied to provincially-funded roads in the Greater Vancouver region. The case study revealed that annual provincial roadway land costs amount to approximately $162 per automobile. Limited supplies of land and limited financial resources suggest that it may be time to examine approaches that would make it less necessary to add capacity to the existing road network. Expenditures on roads can be reduced by shifting from current "supply side" tactics. This thesis suggests various policies that could be enacted to effect such a change. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This thesis reviews the objectives of existing and proposed policies affecting bicycle transportation in the Greater Vancouver region and attempts to evaluate the level of success these policies will have in achieving these objectives. In the process, mechanisms for implementation will be considered as well as reaction to specific policies as indicated from survey results and discussions with bicycling advocates in this region. Many of the policies that will be effective, especially those at the regional level, are aimed at making long-distance bicycle trips a more viable option. It is argued that trips of greater distance will appeal mostly to experienced, well-conditioned bicyclists and that these policies will have limited effect in increasing the overall number of people using bicycles for transportation. In order to effectively address the issue of making bicycles a more viable mode of transportation, there first needs to be a change in the patterns of land use i n this region followed by the provision of incentives for changing attitudes about transportation modes. The needs and concerns of casual bicycle riders who usually use their bicycles only for recreational purposes must be addressed. Without a fundamental shift in the way in which land is used and developed in this region and an accompanying program to precipitate a shift in transportation behaviour, the effects of bicycle policies on their own will be token at best. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Greater Vancouver is a cooperative federalism in which planning relies on consensus and cooperation between municipalities, provincial ministries and Crown corporations. A result of this approach is a system in which each organisation and municipality is responsible for making decisions and funding the issues within its jurisdiction. Often this results in inefficient decisions being made; decisions, that otherwise would have considered regional issues, tend to consider only local concerns. Experience suggests that regional governments are generally distrusted by the general public and may pose a threat to the urban power base of the provincial government. Instead, a conjoint approach - which uses the existing agencies and is activated at key points in the process - offers the optimum configuration. In Greater Vancouver, a commission made up of nine directly elected, nine municipally appointed, and nine provincially appointed councillors will provide a well balanced organisation which is responsible to the province, municipalities, and the public. The new commission will be responsible for creating regional goals and ensuring conformity of the municipalities, ministries and Crown corporations to those goals. Adjustments in the provincial legislations will be required to transfer control and funding functions to the new commission, and to pave the way for a truly integrated transportation planning process for Greater Vancouver. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This case study was undertaken to determine if the mission of the Regional Planning Program at Western State College is being fulfilled. The mission states that the Regional Planning Program should offer interdisciplinary, or integrated, education. The problem is the course work in the Regional Planning Program has become very specialized, creating fragmented education. The research methods, including historical review and in-depth interviews, indicate several findings that support the recommendation for a reorganization of the curriculum at Western State to implement interdisciplinary study. First, an historical analysis of the transformation of the college mission during the early 1900s reveals two major themes. One theme is the need for change in the academic programs to include practical applications. The justification for the creation of the Regional Planning Program at Western was based on the pragmatic aspects of the program. The other theme is the need for integrated education, or education that incorporates the theoretical with practical applications from several related disciplines, to solve problems. The historical review of the Regional Planning Program shows that integrated education is not being offered. Second, a review of the literature on interdisciplinary teaching, or cross-principles teaching, was conducted to determine how interdisciplinary programs are structured and how the Regional Planning Program at Western State compares to these programs. It was found that the interdisciplinary teaching techniques and curricular structure described in the literature are not part of the Regional Planning Program. Third, a series of in-depth, unstructured interviews were conducted with five professors. Two professors are members of the Regional Planning and Geography Department. The other three professors are members of the History, Biology, and Business/Economics Departments. It was found that these professors teach traditional, disciplinary courses. It was concluded from the case study that regional planning at Western State is not treated as an interdisciplinary field. Although the data indicate that the professors believe the Regional Planning Program should offer an integrated education, there have been few attempts to integrate course work. A reorganization to create an interdisciplinary approach at Western State is put forth in the conclusion.

abstract: Tourism is not always a lighthearted affair. Visitors are often attracted to places associated with dark and complex pasts, where communities host a wide range of lived experiences, memories and associations. While tourism has potential to facilitate progress and create opportunities, it may also emphasize a place’s hardships or its controversial history. For tourism development to be ethical and sustainable, it is vital to understand its community impacts, including how it may influence residents’ perceptions and wellbeing.This research investigated residents’ senses of affect and emotion within touristic spaces of Mostar, a re-emerging destination city in Bosnia and Herzegovina that experienced some of the worst physical destruction and human casualties during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. An interdisciplinary, multiple-methods approach employed qualitative and quantitative methods, including an intercept survey, resident interviews, participant observation, and autoethnography. In Part 1, construal level theory of psychological distance was applied in quantitative, survey-based research to understand how tourism may impact residents’ affective responses to local places. In Part 2, fourteen young adult residents were invited to experience their city as “tourists for a day,” visiting attractions alongside the researcher and reflecting upon their experiences via a three-stage interview process. The resulting article specifically explores the concept of affective atmospheres, drawing connections to interdependence theory. Part 3 employed a creative and introspective autoethnographic approach incorporating journaling, poetry and photography to examine the researcher’s own experiences and observations as a visiting researcher in a post-war city. This inquiry was inspired by works from cultural geography engaging non-representational theory and affect theory. These three discrete studies under a shared thematic umbrella allowed for an in-depth exploration of affect, emotion, and lived experiences within touristic spaces of a post-war, recovering city. Overall, findings suggest that residents perceive tourism as a generally positive force, fostering senses of pride and creating opportunities for the city to move on from the persistent social and economic repercussions of war. However, the social and affective impacts of war are deeply engrained within the fabric of the city, and tourism has the capacity to emphasize differences and discomforts amongst residents and visitors alike. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Community Resources and Development 2020

This dissertation examines the attempts by the government of Kenya to develop and implement policies directed toward the problem of urban unemployment. Specifically, this study focuses upon two policy areas directly related to the problem of urban unemployment: education and economic growth. Central to the urban unemployment problem is a potential conflict arising out of a rapidly growing number of school graduates on the one hand, and on the other, the limited opportunities for a sufficient level of employment for this segment of the labor force. An additional element of this study is an examination of the possible consequences of Kenya's external dependency upon the linkages between education, economic growth, and employment opportunities. A consistent theme contained in the development literature is that accelerated development in Third World nations such as Kenya depends upon enlarging the supply of educated and trained manpower. Without such manpower, it is argued, development leadership would be woefully lacking and economic growth would be retarded. On the basis of these assumptions, Kenya, like many other developing countries, has focused its attention on the rapid quantitative expansion of school enrollments from primary school to the university. In recent years, however, the idea that conventional educational expansion is an unmitigated social good and an engine for development has been challenged by the emergence of graduate unemployment. The dynamic rate of economic growth and a forceful campaign of Kenyanization have proven impossible to create sufficient employment to meet the now growing numbers of Kenyan students who feel themselves qualified. In an attempt to resolve this problem, government policies have been directed toward improving the different components of the school system: examinations, curriculum reform, and vocational and technical education. However, the impact of these educational strategies in solving the unemployment problem has been extremely limited by the restricted market for technical and vocational skills in the country. The result of this study suggests that the roots of the unemployment problem are in the structure of the society, and particularly in the failure of the Kenyan economy to industrialize and modernize at a rate that absorbs the labor force. These economic problems are traded to Kenya's continued dependency on external economic assistance, which reduces its ability to determine the course of national development independently. This economic problem is of such a magnitude, it can only be solved by structural adjustments, both internally and externally. The findings of this study confirm the dependency argument.

This dissertation addresses the following research questions: How do physical features of high density college dormitories affect residents' perception of crowding, and what kinds of design strategies are available for alleviating the perceived crowding? The data source was responses to a self-administered questionnaire from residents of living units which were randomly sampled from three dormitories of comparable physical density at Oregon State University. Seven hypotheses were used to examine the relationship between perceived crowding and physical features associated with different settings in selected dormitories. The first hypothesis sought to clarify how selected physical variables, compared with selected social and personal variables, contributed to perceived crowding both in dormitory dwellings (floor crowding) and rooms (room crowding). For the remaining hypotheses, comparisons were made to determine if differences existed between groups living on floors with varied corridor length, floor height (distance above ground level), and bathroom location, and between groups living in rooms with varied desk location, room location, and window orientation. Using multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance as the major tools for hypothesis testing, the study found that: (1) both room and dwelling crowding were not significantly affected by the selected physical, social, and personal variables; (2) floor crowding was significantly lower among residents of short corridors and among those who shared suite rather than community bathrooms. Variations in floor level did not affect perceived crowding; (3) room crowding was not significantly affected by variations in desk location, room location, and window orientation, but rather by the interactive effects of window orientation and floor height.