In the western Mediterranean, deep water decapod crustaceans form a considerable fraction of the megafaunal biomass in the upper and middle slope, being a very important component of the catches of the commercial fishery. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the community and population dynamics of the deep water decapod crustaceans off the Balearic Islands. Data have been obtained from scientific surveys, from the fishing sector and from selectivity pilot studies. Univariate and multivariate techniques have been used to analyse the data. The knowledge derived from this thesis provide relevant information about how the species traits are mainly affected by water masses, sediment characteristic, trophic resources and fishing, since they influence the bathymetric distribution, abundances, biological parameters and condition of decapod crustaceans at a local scale. This knowledge is a key point for a better assessment of the resources and for a better application of the Ecosystem-Based Approach Management in the Mediterranean deep water ecosystems