This study aims to analyze whether the discourses of the phenomenon of honor-related violence and oppression have changed over time in the Swedish daily press. This is operated through a discourse analysis of debate articles from seven newspapers published around the country. The methodological and theoretical premise is based on Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. Further, three theories has been applied; The construction of “the others” by Jonsson, de Beauvoir’s theory of The Second Sex and Nussbaum’s universal theory of justice. The purpose of selection of articles has been to find relevant debate articles concerning opinions on the phenomenon of honor-related violence and oppression. The results and analysis has been divided into three main themes: a legal discourse, a discourse of "us " and " them " as well as a discourse of patriarchy. The results indicate that the phenomenon is influenced by its time in the shape of current events and areas of conflict.

This thesis evaluates and develops a method for studying the occurrence of cascading effects between critical infrastructures. The thesis also analyzes how the results of previous research using the method may have been affected by certain aspects of the method. Applying different inclusion thresholds and exploring how material could be gathered differently, the thesis provides some tentative answers to the value of using newspaper articles when studying cascading effects. In addition, the thesis offers recommendations for future research and policy on the protection of critical infrastructures.

La motivation principale de cette thèse est de proposer un système de recommandation personnalisé pour les plateformes d’informations. Pour cela, nous avons démontré que les opinions peuvent constituer un descripteur efficace pour améliorer la qualité de la recommandation. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons abordé ce problème en proposant trois contributions principales. Tout d’abord, nous avons proposé un modèle de profil qui décrit avec précision les intérêts des utilisateurs ainsi que le contenu des articles de presse. Le modèle de profil proposé repose sur trois éléments : les entités nommées, les aspects et les sentiments. Nous avons testé notre modèle de profil sur les trois applications différentes que sont l’identification des orientations politiques des utilisateurs, la recommandation personnalisée des articles de presse et enfin la diversification de la liste des articles recommandés. Deuxièmement, nous avons proposé une approche de classement des opinions permettant de filtrer et sélectionner seulement les opinions pertinentes. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une variation de la technique de PageRank pour définir le score de chaque opinion. Les résultats montrent que notre approche surpasse deux approches récemment proposées pour le classement des opinions. Troisièmement, nous avons étudié différentes façons d’enrichir le contenu des articles de presse par les opinions : par toutes les opinions, par seulement le topk des opinions, et enfin par un ensemble d’opinions diversifiées. Les résultats montrent que l’enrichissement des contenus des articles de presse / In this thesis, we have investigated how to exploit user-generated-content for personalized news recommendation purpose. The intuition behind this line of research is that the opinions provided by users, on news websites, represent a strong indicator about their profiles. We have addressed this problem by proposing three main contributions. Firstly, we have proposed a profile model that accurately describes both users’ interests and news article contents. The profile model was tested on three different applications ranging from identifying the political orientation of users to the context of news recommendation and the diversification of the list of recommended news articles. Results show that our profile model give much better results compared to state-of-the-art models. Secondly, we have investigated the problem of noise on opinions and how we can retrieve only relevant opinions in response to a given query.The proposed opinion ranking strategy is based on users’ debates features. We have used a variation of PageRank technique to define the score of each opinion. Results show that our approach outperforms two recent proposed opinions ranking strategies, particularly for controversial topics. Thirdly, we have investigated different ways of leveraging opinions on news article contents including all opinions, topk opinions based on opinion ranking strategy, and a set of diverse opinion. To extract a list of diverse opinions, we have employed a variation of an existing opinion diversification model. Results show that diverse opinions give the best performance over other leveraging strategies.

This thesis evaluates and develops a method for studying the occurrence of cascading effects between critical infrastructures. The thesis also analyzes how the results of previous research using the method may have been affected by certain aspects of the method. Applying different inclusion thresholds and exploring how material could be gathered differently, the thesis provides some tentative answers to the value of using newspaper articles when studying cascading effects. In addition, the thesis offers recommendations for future research and policy on the protection of critical infrastructures.

Bakgrund: Enligt olika lagar och styrdokument betonas sjuksköterskans ansvar kring att hålla sig uppdaterad om den senaste forskningen och att arbeta evidensbaserat. Ett sätt att hålla sig uppdaterad om den senaste forskningen är att läsa vårdvetenskapliga tidskrifter. Problem: Tidsbrist och andra omgivande faktorer hindrar ibland sjuksköterskan från att vara forskningskonsument. Ett sätt att underlätta för sjuksköterskor som forskningskonsumenter, är att åskådliggöra vårdvetenskapliga tidskrifter. Syfte: Att beskriva den publicerade forskningen i Nordic Journal of Nursing Research, under en treårsperiod. Metod: Kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Elo och Kyngäs. Resultat: Praktiska/kliniska frågor var vanligast gällande ämnesområde och sjukhusvård berördes i flest artiklar. Sverige var det land som flest studier genomfördes i, samt det land som flest artikelförfattare var hemmahörande i. Ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv var mest framträdande i artiklarna. Kvalitativ ansats, kvalitativ innehållsanalys och enkäter dominerade gällande artiklars metoder. I majoriteten av artiklarna saknades ett teoretiskt perspektiv. Slutsats: Forskningen i NJNR har främst berört en nordisk kontext, med olika typer av vetenskaplig evidens och där det teoretiska perspektivet i många artiklar varit frånvarande. NJNR som tidskrift lyfter många intressanta och varierande ämnen för sjuksköterskor att ta del av, som speglar det komplexa omvårdnadsfältet. / Background: Different laws and regulatory documents emphasize nurses’ responsibilities on being updated with current research and to pursue evidence-based practice. One way to stay updated with current research, is to read nursing journals. Problem: Lack of time and other surrounding factors often constrain nurses from being consumers of research. Visualising nursing journals is one way to support nurses as consumers of research. Aim: To describe the published research in Nordic Journal of Nursing Research, during a period of three years. Method: A qualitative content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs. Result: Practical/clinical issues was the most common subject matter and hospital care represented most of the articles. Sweden represented most authors and was the country where most studies were conducted in. A nursing perspective was prominent. Regarding methods used, a qualitative approach, qualitative content analysis and questionnaires represented many articles. A theoretical framework was absent in most of the articles. Conclusions: The research in NJNR, has mainly concerned a nordic context, with varying types of scientific evidence and with an absent of theoretical framework in several articles. Nurses can take part of NJNR as a nursing journal that concerns several varying and interesting topics regarding the complex field of nursing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Etelvo Ramos Filho.pdf: 6034350 bytes, checksum: aa0c4cb5722bdf425e95516446096188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation describes how a corpus of 900 research articles written in English by researchers of 10 fields of study and nine different origins is mapped onto the dimensions of variation proposed by Biber (1988). Its theoretical and methodological underpinnings are provided by Corpus Linguistics and Multidimensional Analysis. The former is an area in Applied Linguistics in which language is seen as a probabilistic system and for whose studies computational tools and corpora are used. The latter is a corpus based approach for the study of dimensions of variations, which uses statistical procedures to identify relationships between linguistic features and registers in large amounts of texts. The methodology included the compilation of a corpus (Corpus of English Research Articles CERA), which is composed of articles collected using the Internet, its processing and analyses based both on origin and field. The result of the analyses for both the origin and the field shows that the corpus is composed of articles whose features characterize them in the 5 dimensions of variation proposed by Biber (1988) as: 1) being informational, 2) being non-narrative, 3) having explicit reference, 4) having non-explicit persuasion, and 5) having abstract information / Fundamentada teórico e medotologicamente na Linguística de Corpus e na Análise Multidimensional, esta tese analisa um corpus de 900 artigos de pesquisa em língua inglesa, escritos por pesquisadores de dez áreas, provenientes de nove diferentes origens. Para tanto, a pesquisa se apoia em uma área da Linguística Aplicada que vê a língua como um sistema probabilístico e para cujos estudos são utilizados ferramentas computacionais e corpora. A Análise Multidimensional é uma abordagem baseada em corpus para o estudo de dimensões de variação que usa procedimentos estatísticos para identificar relações entre traços linguísticos e registros em grandes quantidades de textos. A metodologia incluiu a compilação de um corpus de estudo (Corpus of English Research Articles CERA), composto de artigos coletados por meio da internet, que envolveu processamento do texto e análises por origem e área de estudo. A partir do mapeamento nas cinco dimensões de variação de Biber (1988), o resultado das análises por origem e área mostra que o corpus é composto por artigos cujos traços os situam nos seguintes polos: 1) produção informacional, 2) preocupação não-narrativa, 3) referências explícitas, 4) persuasão não-explícita e 5) informação abstrata

Este trabalho analisa a produção textual de alunos do Ensino Fundamental I, com idade entre 10 e 11 anos, de escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Nosso corpus compõe-se de artigos de opinião classificados como semifinalistas do Prêmio Escrevendo o Futuro - 2004, promovido pelo Programa Itaú Social e pelo CENPEC - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação, Cultura e Ação Comunitária. A análise é precedida da apresentação do material de apoio ao professor, enviado às escolas participantes pelos organizadores do prêmio. Ao examinar a produção discente, buscamos avaliar as estratégias argumentativas empregadas, assim como as diferentes vozes que nela se manifestam. Nossa meta é contribuir para uma reflexão sobre o ensino da escrita, apoiado na seqüência didática e no trabalho com os gêneros discursivos. / This work analyses the textual production of 10 to 11 year-old Ensino Fundamental I students, from public schools of São Paulo. In our corpus, there are opinion articles which were selected for the semifinals of the Prêmio Escrevendo o Futuro - 2004, promoted by Programa Itaú Social and by CENPEC - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação, Cultura e Ação Comunitária. The analysis is preceeded by the teacher\'s support material presentation, which was sent to the involved schools by the prize responsible. By examining the students\' production, we seek the evaluation of the argumentative strategies used, as well as the voices which are expressed in it. Our aim is to contribute leading to a reflection about the teaching of writing, based on the didactical sequence and on the discoursive genre subject.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa visa propor bases para a construção de redes de palavras-chave para artigos de divulgação científica da Medicina, que levam em conta a terminologia médica presente nesses textos. No Brasil, a carência de redes informativas no mundo virtual nos motivou para o trabalho com a terminologia da Medicina. Em virtude desse aspecto, nosso interesse volta-se para a importância de construir sistemas informativos que permitam a aproximação entre as denominações técnico-científicas e as de caráter sociolingüístico, considerando a diversidade que esta apresenta. Preencher esta lacuna significa melhorar o nível de informatividade para o público leigo que acessa o site brasileiro ABC da Saúde em busca de conhecimento especializado na área médica. O estudo se apóia nos fundamentos teóricos da Socioterminologia, da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia e da Documentação. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído de artigos de divulgação científica da Medicina, extraídos do site com o auxílio da ferramenta Corpógrafo. As i / This research paper aims to propose a framework for the construction of key-word networks for Medicine articles of scientific popularization. The lack of virtual informative networks in Brazil has motivated us to develop this work with the terminology of Medicine. Our main interest is focused on the importance of building informative systems which allow for the bridging between technical-scientific and sociolinguistic terms, considering the diversity which the latter presents. Bridging this gap involves improving the level of informativity for the lay public who use the Brazilian ABC da Saúde site to search for specialized knowledge in the medical area. The study is based on the theoretical assumptions of Socioterminology, Communicative Theory of Terminology and Documentation. The corpus used in this research contains Medicine articles of scientific popularization extracted from the site with the aid of a tool called Corpógrafo. The data was stored in specific records disposed in a Microsoft Access database,

La motivation principale de cette thèse est de proposer un système de recommandation personnalisé pour les plateformes d’informations. Pour cela, nous avons démontré que les opinions peuvent constituer un descripteur efficace pour améliorer la qualité de la recommandation. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons abordé ce problème en proposant trois contributions principales. Tout d’abord, nous avons proposé un modèle de profil qui décrit avec précision les intérêts des utilisateurs ainsi que le contenu des articles de presse. Le modèle de profil proposé repose sur trois éléments : les entités nommées, les aspects et les sentiments. Nous avons testé notre modèle de profil sur les trois applications différentes que sont l’identification des orientations politiques des utilisateurs, la recommandation personnalisée des articles de presse et enfin la diversification de la liste des articles recommandés. Deuxièmement, nous avons proposé une approche de classement des opinions permettant de filtrer et sélectionner seulement les opinions pertinentes. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une variation de la technique de PageRank pour définir le score de chaque opinion. Les résultats montrent que notre approche surpasse deux approches récemment proposées pour le classement des opinions. Troisièmement, nous avons étudié différentes façons d’enrichir le contenu des articles de presse par les opinions : par toutes les opinions, par seulement le topk des opinions, et enfin par un ensemble d’opinions diversifiées. Les résultats montrent que l’enrichissement des contenus des articles de presse / In this thesis, we have investigated how to exploit user-generated-content for personalized news recommendation purpose. The intuition behind this line of research is that the opinions provided by users, on news websites, represent a strong indicator about their profiles. We have addressed this problem by proposing three main contributions. Firstly, we have proposed a profile model that accurately describes both users’ interests and news article contents. The profile model was tested on three different applications ranging from identifying the political orientation of users to the context of news recommendation and the diversification of the list of recommended news articles. Results show that our profile model give much better results compared to state-of-the-art models. Secondly, we have investigated the problem of noise on opinions and how we can retrieve only relevant opinions in response to a given query.The proposed opinion ranking strategy is based on users’ debates features. We have used a variation of PageRank technique to define the score of each opinion. Results show that our approach outperforms two recent proposed opinions ranking strategies, particularly for controversial topics. Thirdly, we have investigated different ways of leveraging opinions on news article contents including all opinions, topk opinions based on opinion ranking strategy, and a set of diverse opinion. To extract a list of diverse opinions, we have employed a variation of an existing opinion diversification model. Results show that diverse opinions give the best performance over other leveraging strategies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 colombo_mr_me_sjrp.pdf: 410831 bytes, checksum: c1c58369a9b3b63b26d50c1d3054b099 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente dissertação resulta do desenvolvimento de um projeto sobre o léxico, mais especificamente sobre a terminologia e a fraseologia especializada predominantes em contratos sociais submetidos à tradução juramentada (TJ). A língua de partida é a inglesa, em sua variante nacional dos Estados Unidos da América, e a de chegada, a portuguesa do Brasil. Procedemos a investigações científicas no campo da Terminologia, utilizando também o arcabouço teórico e metodológico da Lingüística de Corpus e dos Estudos da Tradução Baseada em Corpus. Os termos foram identificados e contrastados aos corpora comparáveis em busca das aproximações e distanciamentos dessas terminologias e os fraseologismos foram analisados com base no modelo de Bevilacqua (2004). As análises foram feitas visando observar o quanto as diferentes realidades dos sistemas organizacionais do país de origem dos textos traduzidos e do país a que ele se destina são cruciais para a compreensão e tradução de termos e fraseologismos. As diferenças encontradas não se situam apenas entre as duas línguas em questão (o português e o inglês), mas também entre o inglês norte-americano e o inglês britânico. Como é exigida do tradutor juramentado uma “fidelidade” ímpar ao texto original, nosso trabalho chama atenção para a necessidade de o tradutor juramentado conhecer a proveniência do texto que deve ser traduzido, as realidades dos países envolvidos no processo de tradução e, fundamentalmente, o léxico especializado da área em que se está traduzindo. / The present work results from the development of a project about the lexicon, more specifically about the terminology and specialized phraseology that can be found in Articles of Incorporation submitted to sworn translation. The source language is English, from the United States of America, and the target language is Portuguese, from Brazil. Scientific investigations were performed based on Terminology making use of some theoretical and methodological principles of Corpus Linguistics and of Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The terms were identified and contrasted with the comparable corpora to find distances and approximations from these terminologies, and the phraseologies were analyzed based on Bevilacqua’s model (2004). The analysis were performed in order to show how the different realities of the organizational systems of the countries in which the texts are produced, and the country to which the texts are destined, are crucial to understand and translate terms and phraseologies. The differences found were not only between English and Portuguese, but also between the North-American and British English. Since the sworn translator needs to be extremely “faithful” to the original text, this study calls the attention to the necessity of the sworn translator to know: the provenience of the material that is being translated, the realities of the countries involved in this process and, above all, the specialized lexicon of the area that the translation deals with.