Este trabalho teve como propósito a realização de um estudo que coloca no centro do debate a produção científica brasileira. Parte-se do princípio de que ela é um fator fundamental para um processo de desenvolvimento a partir do reconhecimento de que é por meio do conhecimento que as sociedades evoluem. Essa questão se torna ainda mais relevante quando se considera a necessidade imposta pelo modelo de produção vigente, de transformar conhecimento em riqueza. Este foi o ponto de partida para a realização de um estudo econométrico com o propósito de se formular um modelo que explicasse a produção científica brasileira no período de 1994 a 2014. O estudo mostrou que os programas de pós-graduação foram os que mais influenciaram o comportamento da publicação de artigos científicos, que é a variável que representa a produção científica. Por isso, se faz necessário o aparelhamento do sistema de pósgraduação brasileira. Ademais, como os resultados da produção científica são demorados, ou seja, no mínimo dois anos no mestrado e quatro anos no doutorado, concluiu-se que as crises econômicas ocorridas no período não interferiram diretamente no processo de geração do conhecimento no curto prazo. Outros fatores importantes que ajudaram a manter a produção científica no país foram a sólida estrutura acadêmica e o governo do período ter atuado nos momentos de crise para quebrar o ciclo econômico, diminuindo os efeitos das crises. / This work has purposed a study that placed at the core of the debate the Brazilian scientific production. It starts from the principle that scientific production is a key factor in a development process from the recognition that it is through knowledge that societies evolve. This question becomes even more relevant when considering the necessity imposed by the current production model, to transform knowledge into wealth. This was the starting point for leading an econometric study for the aim of formulating a model to explain the Brazilian scientific production from 1994 to 2014. The study shows that postgraduate programs were those that, statiscally, most influenced the behavior of the publication of Brazilian scientific articles. This last was the variable that represented the Brazilian scientific production in the econometric model. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the Brazilian postgraduate system to create the basis of a structure, which, in the near future, will produce knowledge in large scale and with high competitiveness. It was concluded that the economic crisis that occurred in the period did not directly interfere in the process of knowledge generation in the short term. Other important factors that helped maintaining scientific production in the country were the solid academic structure and the role of public policies that intervened in critical economic moments to break the economic cycle and to reduce the effects of the crisis.

The goal of these theses is a critical examination, comparison and identifying differences in legislative requirements to set up and register partnerships, small businesses and companies between Czech Republic and Germany. Because of many different legal types of various enterprises, for purposes of this study only rules for establishing limited companies have been considered, mainly from theoretical point of view. The basic question is which country has more business friendly environment, easier less demanding legal framework to establish a new enterprise and fewer financial impediments to start up a limited company. In a nut shell how much time and how expensive the whole process will be. The publicly available information in both countries has been used in my study including related legislations, Internet sources, scientific literature and journals.

Este trabalho analisa a produção textual de alunos do Ensino Fundamental I, com idade entre 10 e 11 anos, de escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Nosso corpus compõe-se de artigos de opinião classificados como semifinalistas do Prêmio Escrevendo o Futuro - 2004, promovido pelo Programa Itaú Social e pelo CENPEC - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação, Cultura e Ação Comunitária. A análise é precedida da apresentação do material de apoio ao professor, enviado às escolas participantes pelos organizadores do prêmio. Ao examinar a produção discente, buscamos avaliar as estratégias argumentativas empregadas, assim como as diferentes vozes que nela se manifestam. Nossa meta é contribuir para uma reflexão sobre o ensino da escrita, apoiado na seqüência didática e no trabalho com os gêneros discursivos. / This work analyses the textual production of 10 to 11 year-old Ensino Fundamental I students, from public schools of São Paulo. In our corpus, there are opinion articles which were selected for the semifinals of the Prêmio Escrevendo o Futuro - 2004, promoted by Programa Itaú Social and by CENPEC - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação, Cultura e Ação Comunitária. The analysis is preceeded by the teacher\'s support material presentation, which was sent to the involved schools by the prize responsible. By examining the students\' production, we seek the evaluation of the argumentative strategies used, as well as the voices which are expressed in it. Our aim is to contribute leading to a reflection about the teaching of writing, based on the didactical sequence and on the discoursive genre subject.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaAnders.pdf: 267735 bytes, checksum: ff715ff919969dde5ad2d1bb88ee588b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / Objective: to describe the process of decontamination of burs to assess the microbial contamination of burs after-processing that were available to the use to isolate and to identify the possible microorganisms Methods: This study was conducted in 110 private dental offices of the central area of Goiânia-Goiás during the period of March/2004 to August/2005 using a check-list measure of dry heat sterilizer temperature and microbial burs tests The burs were seeded in brain heart infusion broth incubated at 37ºC for 20 days and subcultured on specific agar to isolate microorganisms The isolates were identified by micro/macroscopic characteristics subcultured on specific agar biochemical/enzymatic test and automation technique (MicroScan ®) Results:A total of 110 burs were evaluated and 35 (31.8%) were contaminated Fungi were detected in 13 (30.2%) burs [Aspergillus sp (27.9%) and Micelia (2.3%)]; Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci) represented 13 (30.2%) isolates [2.3% Staphylococcus aureus and 27.9% (12) coagulase negative staphylococci] nine (20.9%) isolates were Gram-positive bacilli and eight (18,6%) fastidioso microorganisms Considering the obtained results some factors detected could be interfered in the burs sterilization ineficiency: enzymatic detergent inadequate use abrasive products use inadequate dry heat sterilization time and temperature multiple use burs kits and interruption the asseptical chain after sterilization Conclusion: The frequency of contaminated burs was high (31.8%) and it was detected failures in operational steps of burs processing and/or after sterilization / Objetivos: descrever o processo de descontaminação das brocas odontológicas; avaliar a esterilidade das brocas pós-processamento que estavam disponíveis ao uso; isolar e identificar os possíveis microrganismos contaminantes Métodos: Os dados foram coletados em 110 consultórios odontológicos particulares do Distrito Central de Goiânia (GO) no período de março/2004 a agosto/2005 por aplicação de um check-list aferição da temperatura quando da utilização de estufa e realização do teste de esterilidade da broca As brocas foram inoculadas em caldo infusão de cérebro e coração com técnica asséptica Os caldos de cultura foram incubados a 37ºC por até 20 dias e ao apresentarem turvação foram repicados em meios específicos para isolamento dos microrganismos Estes foram identificados de acordo com características micro/macroscópicas desenvolvimento em meios de cultura seletivos provas bioquímicas e técnicas automatizadas (MicroScan®) Resultados: De um total de 110 brocas analisadas 35 (31,8%) estavam contaminadas Os fungos filamentosos foram identificados em 13 (30,2%) brocas [Aspergillus sp (27,9%) e Micelia sp (2,3%)]; cocos Grampositivos (Staphylococcus sp) representaram 13 (30,2%) isolados [Staphylococcus aureus (2,3%) e estafilococos coagulase negativos ECN (27,9%)] nove (20,9%) foram bacilos Gram-positivos e oito (18,6%) microrganismos fastidiosos Considerando os resultados obtidos alguns fatores podem ter interferido na qualidade da esterilização das brocas: a não utilização ou inadequações no uso de detergentes enzimáticos; uso de produtos abrasivos; inadequação no tempo de exposição/temperatura das estufas; kits não individualizados para atendimento havendo manuseio excessivo dos artigos; rompimento da cadeia asséptica pós-esterilização Conclusões: A freqüência de brocas contaminadas foi elevada (31,8%) Nos consultórios onde detectou-se brocas contaminadas ocorreram falhas nas etapas operacionais do processamento e/ou pós-esterilização

According to earlier research, first-person pronouns are used in academic writing for a multitude of reasons. In this paper, the aim is to investigate if first-person pronouns are used to different extents or with different functions in articles from highly ranked scientific journals and articles from less highly ranked scientific journals. The investigation is based on a corpus study of 20 highly ranked sociological articles and 20 less highly ranked sociological articles. The corpus data provide statistics for frequencies of first-person pronouns and frequencies of so-called genre roles, in accordance with Tang and John’s (1999) model. The results reveal that the recounter genre role and first-person pronouns of all types combined are significantly more frequent in highly ranked articles in comparison to less highly ranked articles. / Enligt tidigare forskning finns ett flertal anledningar till att förstapersonspronomen används i akademiskt skrivande. I denna uppsats är målsättning att undersöka om förstapersonspronomen används olika ofta eller med olika funktioner i artiklar från högt rankade vetenskapliga tidsskrifter och artiklar från mindre högt rankade vetenskapliga tidsskrifter. Undersökningen baseras på en korpusstudie av 20 högt rankade artiklar i sociologi och 20 mindre högt rankade artiklar i sociologi. Korpusdatan tillhandahåller statistik över förstapersons-pronomen och så kallade genreroller, vilka definieras i Tangs och Johns (1999) modell. Resultatet visar att genrerollen återberättaren och en sammanvägning av alla förstapersonspronomena har signifikant högre förekomst i högt rankade artiklar än i mindre högt rankade artiklar.

4 Abstract The present thesis focused on the differences in the usage of hedging in research articles of native speakers of Czech writing in English and native speakers of English. Hedging is considered to be a fundamental part of any academic text ensuring that the results and outcomes of one's research are successfully communicated to its intended audience. The main aim was to discover, by analysing the most heavily hedged, concluding sections of research articles, how the native Czech speakers employ hedging in comparison to native English speaking authors and if they project features typical for Czech academic discourse into their work written in English. The most important outcome of the results of this study is the observation that one of the most salient features of Czech academic discourse, which is the low degree of authorial presence and interactivity of the text, does significantly influence the way the Czech authors present the outcomes of their research in English. This is evidenced by the significant difference in the frequency of the reader-oriented hedging strategies in the NCS corpus.

The Abstract The present work deals with the guilds, which operate on the territory of Uherský Brod from its inception to the year 1859, when the guilds were replaced by trade licensing crafts. The introductory part brings the history of the city itself and guild system. An important milestone in the life of the guilds became the release of the general guild patent and articles. Said instruments are described in separate chapters. The main part is divided into five groups according to the orientation of individual trades, which is an attempt to answer questions about the formation of the guild and its development from archival sources. Emphasis was placed on the analysis guild articles. The work is accompanied by a picture attachment with preserved guild objects. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

In South Africa, writing and publishing scientific articles is an important activity of academic life. It not only enhances the academic status and profile of the author and his or her institution, but also contributes towards the subsidy transfers of the Department of Higher Education and Training to universities. Furthermore, academic promotion is increasingly subject to a strong track record of research publications. Most importantly, academic publishing is the primary vehicle for the advancement of scientific knowledge required to enhance the quality of life of the society and also to strengthen the economy. Therefore, the government introduced the Policy and Procedures for the Measurement of Research Output of Public Higher Education Institutions, 2003, as a tool to sustain and encourage research productivity in order to increase research output. However, despite the compelling advantages of academic publishing, research outputs of South African universities are very low and are largely contributed by a small number of academics. This dissertation set out to critically examine the implementation of the Policy and Procedures for the Measurement of Research Output of Public Higher Education Institutions, 2003, at the University of Pretoria and the University of Venda. The purpose of this study is to investigate the policy implementation challenges that exist in both universities in the effort to effectively implement the research output policy. The qualitative research methodology was adopted towards the realisation of the aims and objectives of the study. The study employs the 5-C Protocol Model of Policy Implementation as a critical apparatus for analysing data acquired through case studies, field interviews and textual analysis of relevant books and documents. This will provide the researcher with critical aspects of the policy that are important for the implementation process. Furthermore, the study recommends possible solutions and strategies for addressing the implementation challenges that were identified in the analysis. / Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / School of Public Management and Administration / unrestricted

Magister Legum - LLM / As a case study, the paper analyzes the Bank’s role in the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Oil Pipeline project (the project) in which the Bank has been involved since the year 2000. The paper presents the lessons, challenges and implications from this protection of human rights.

Este trabalho teve como propósito a realização de um estudo que coloca no centro do debate a produção científica brasileira. Parte-se do princípio de que ela é um fator fundamental para um processo de desenvolvimento a partir do reconhecimento de que é por meio do conhecimento que as sociedades evoluem. Essa questão se torna ainda mais relevante quando se considera a necessidade imposta pelo modelo de produção vigente, de transformar conhecimento em riqueza. Este foi o ponto de partida para a realização de um estudo econométrico com o propósito de se formular um modelo que explicasse a produção científica brasileira no período de 1994 a 2014. O estudo mostrou que os programas de pós-graduação foram os que mais influenciaram o comportamento da publicação de artigos científicos, que é a variável que representa a produção científica. Por isso, se faz necessário o aparelhamento do sistema de pósgraduação brasileira. Ademais, como os resultados da produção científica são demorados, ou seja, no mínimo dois anos no mestrado e quatro anos no doutorado, concluiu-se que as crises econômicas ocorridas no período não interferiram diretamente no processo de geração do conhecimento no curto prazo. Outros fatores importantes que ajudaram a manter a produção científica no país foram a sólida estrutura acadêmica e o governo do período ter atuado nos momentos de crise para quebrar o ciclo econômico, diminuindo os efeitos das crises. / This work has purposed a study that placed at the core of the debate the Brazilian scientific production. It starts from the principle that scientific production is a key factor in a development process from the recognition that it is through knowledge that societies evolve. This question becomes even more relevant when considering the necessity imposed by the current production model, to transform knowledge into wealth. This was the starting point for leading an econometric study for the aim of formulating a model to explain the Brazilian scientific production from 1994 to 2014. The study shows that postgraduate programs were those that, statiscally, most influenced the behavior of the publication of Brazilian scientific articles. This last was the variable that represented the Brazilian scientific production in the econometric model. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the Brazilian postgraduate system to create the basis of a structure, which, in the near future, will produce knowledge in large scale and with high competitiveness. It was concluded that the economic crisis that occurred in the period did not directly interfere in the process of knowledge generation in the short term. Other important factors that helped maintaining scientific production in the country were the solid academic structure and the role of public policies that intervened in critical economic moments to break the economic cycle and to reduce the effects of the crisis.