Pleasure Consuming Medicine investigates the significance of the classification of drugs for conceptions of personhood in the context of consumer citizenship. It examines how drug discourses operate politically to sustain particular notions of personhood and organise bodies. As the normative conception of social life shifts to a discourse of consumer agency and active citizenship, it is argued, drugs come to describe the moral boundaries of a freedom configured around personal consumption. The thesis tracks the parallel rise of two discourses of drug mis/use from the 1970s - a discourse of 'drug abuse' and a discourse of 'patient compliance' - illustrating how these discourses bind personal agency to medical authority through a vocabulary of self-administration. It describes how illicit drugs are constructed as a sign and instance of excessive conformity to consumer culture, and how this excess is opportunistically scooped off and spectacularised to stage an intense but superficial battle between the amoral market and the moral state. Pleasure Consuming Medicine uses a theoretical frame developed from queer theory, corporeal feminism, governmentality studies and cultural studies to explore the political character of drug regimes, tracing some of the ramifications for sex, race, class, and citizenship. Then it turns to the field of gay men's HIV education to conceive some alternative and provisional vocabularies of safety. The thesis develops an argument on the exercise of power in consumer society, with the aim of contributing to cultural and critical understandings of consumption, embodiment, sex, health, and citizenship.

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed in healthy older adults between two psychological and physiological variables. The conceptual framework suggested that a relationship of psychological and physiological functions would facilitate positive adjustment to the stressors of aging. Life satisfaction represented psychological functioning; body temperature represented physiological functioning; body temperature represented physiological functioning. Because some evidence exists that normal temperature for older adults is lower than 98.6°F, an additional purpose was to determine if the sample had a normal body temperature lower than 98.6°F. Subjects were 174 healthy Caucasians aged 60-97. None were taking antibiotic, phenotiazine, cortisone, or reserpine containing drugs. Life satisfaction was measured using Neugarten's Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA); body temperature was measured with an IVAC 821 oral electronic thermometer. Subjects rated perceived health on the Health Status Scale (HSS), and enumerated the past year's stressful life events on a modification of Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire (SRRQ). Data were collected in winter and summer to determine if body temperature was different based on season. Statistical significance was p = .05. An ANOVA revealed no significant differences between winter and summer groups. The Pearson product-moment revealed no correlation between LSIA and TEMP. LSIA was significantly correlated with HSS and AGE; that is, subjects who were more satisfied with their lives considered themselves healthier, and were younger than other subjects. TEMP was significantly related only to SEX, indicating that females had higher temperatures than males. The mean temperature for all subjects, 98.24°F, was statistically different from 98.6°F, as were winter (98.32°F) and summer (98.17°F) group means. No difference was found between winter and summer mean temperatures, indicating that season of the year did not affect body temperatures in this sample. It was concluded that no psychophysiological relationship was found because body temperature may index only illness, not health. The mean temperature was not clinically different from 98.6°F most likely because these subjects were not taking drugs known to affect body temperature. A recommendation was that nurses evaluate each older client's temperature against his own normal, versus a universal normal.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This study hypothesized body weight and eating patterns to be important discriminators of psychological characteristics among eating disordered groups. A total of 146 bulimic and non-bulimic women from underweight (anorexic), normal weight, and overweight (obese) categories were examined. Based upon the theoretical and research literature reviewed, this study hypothesized locus of control, personal potency, self-esteem, and psychopathology to be central psychological characteristics in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and obesity. These variables were measured by Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Semantic Differential Potency Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, respectively. The relative importance of these variables in the disorders was also addressed. Results showed women in the eating disordered groups examined to demonstrate the following psychological characteristics: (1) Non-bulimic anorexics--an external locus of control, low self-esteem, and hysteria; (2) Bulimic anorexics--the greatest external locus of control, the lowest self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, depression, a preoccupation with somatic concerns, and hypofemininity; (3) Normal weight bulimics--an external locus of control, low self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, and depression; (4) Non-bulimic obese--low self-esteem; and (5) Bulimic obese--low self-esteem, an external locus of control, thought disorder and depression. The primary conclusion drawn from this study is that bulimia is a better predictor of the psychological characteristics than body weight. Bulimia, across all weight categories, was associated with an external locus of control, low self-esteem, psychopathic deviance, hysteria, thought disorder, and depression. That there was little variability in personality characteristics associated with bulimia across weight categories emphasized the stability of the symptom constellation associated with this disorder. This study supported the view of the normal weight bulimic as psychologically similar to the bulimic anorexic. This study also supported the stance that simple obesity does not represent a unitary psychological disorder.

胞吐作用定義為囊運小泡將物質運輸到質膜或細胞外空間的轉運過程。其中關鍵的一步發生在同源SNARE 蛋白介導的膜融合之前，即將胞吐囊泡瞄向並靶定在適當的質膜位點。先前在酵母和哺乳動物中的研究表明，一個名為exocyst 的蛋白質複合體在這一關鍵步驟發揮作用。exocyst 蛋白複合體最早在酵母發現，之後這個複合體也在哺乳動物中被發現。這個複合體包含8 個不同的亞基：SEC3，SEC5，SEC6，SEC8，Sec10，Sec15，Exo70 和Exo84。Exocyst 同源蛋白也已在植物中發現。相比酵母和動物，exocyst 在植物體內的功能還鮮為人知，尤其是在胞吐運輸過程中的作用 。通過瞬時表達熒光蛋白標記的擬南芥同源的exocyst 蛋白Exo70：AtExo70E2 以及使用這個同源物的特異抗體，我們在擬南芥和煙草BY－2 懸浮培養細胞中發現了一種新的細胞器，並命名為exocyst 陽性細胞器（EXPO）。這種細胞器分別位於質膜或是細胞質中。由於它未能與任何傳統的細胞器標記物重合，或是被布雷菲爾德菌素A，渥曼青黴素和刀豆素A 影響，以及不能與FM4-64 重合，我們判斷這些細胞器不定位於常規的分泌或胞吞途徑中。對於快速冷凍樣本進行的免疫電子顯微鏡顯示EXPO 的雙膜性質，同時也發現了陽性標記的位於質膜外的單膜囊泡的存在。與此同時，在野生型細胞中也發現了同樣結構的細胞器。EXPO和自噬體非常相似， 都有兩層膜。然而，EXPO 不能被的自噬標記物（AtAtg8e）所標記。同時，在營養脅迫條件下，EXPO 的數量也沒有增加。因此，EXPO 代表著植物所特有的一種非常規分泌形式。 / 此外，通過在擬南芥原生質體內進行瞬時表達，我進一步證實在AtExo70E2 存在的條件下， 一些exocyst 成員可以被招募到EXPO 。AtExo70E2 的旁系同源物AtExo70A1 是在這方面物法取代AtExo70E2 的作用。蛋白蛋白相互作用分析證實了AtSec10 或AtSec6 與AtExo70E2 之間的相互作用。 AtExo70E2，而不是它在酵母或是動物中的同源蛋白，可以誘導EXPO 在動物細胞中的形成。反之，人或是酵母Exo70 同源蛋白都不能誘導EXPO 在植物細胞中的形成。這些結果表明AtExo70E2 在EXPO 形成過程中的特定的以及至關重要的作用。 / Exocytosis defines the process in which vesicles transport substances to the plasma membrane (PM)/extracellular space of the cell. One key step of exocytosis is the targeting and docking of the exocytic vesicles to the appropriate PM sites, which is prior to membrane fusion mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE). Previously studies have demonstrated that a protein complex called exocyst complex is involved in this key step in yeast and mammals. The exocyst complex, containing eight different subunits: Sec3, Sec5, Sec6, Sec8, Sec10, Sec15, Exo70 and Exo84, was first identified in yeast and subsequently in mammals. Exocyst homologs have also been found in plants. In comparison to its yeast and animal counterparts, little is known about the function of exocyst proteins in plants especially in the process of exocytosis. By using both antibodies specific for one of the orthlogs of exocyst protein: AtExo70E2 as well as transiently-expressed fluorescently-tagged constructs for this exocyst subunit, a novel organelle termed exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO) was identified in suspension cultured Arabidopsis and tobacco BY-2 cells. These organelles were located to both the plasma membrane and cytosol. Based on their failure to overlap with any conventional organelle markers or response to brefeldin A (BFA), wortmannin or concanamycin A (ConcA) treatments, as well as their inability to take up the endocytic dye FM4-64, these organelles were thus not lie on the conventional secretory or endocytic pathways of plant cells. Immunogold electron microscopy (EM) of cryofixed samples revealed the double membrane nature of EXPO and also produced labeling of large single-membrane bound vesicles outside of the PM. These structures were also identified in wild type cells. EXPO and autophagosomes are similar in that both have two boundary membranes. However, EXPO did not label positively with YFP-AtAtg8e, a standard marker for autophagosomes, nor did the number of EXPO increase when the cells were subjected to nutrient stress. Therefore, EXPO represents a form of unconventional secretion unique to plants. / Further studies demonstrated that a number of exocyst subunits can be positively recruited to EXPO in the presence of AtExo70E2 by performing transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The paralog AtExo70A1 is unable to substitute for AtExo70E2 in this regard. Protein-protein interaction assay have confirmed the interaction between AtExo70E2 and AtSec6 and AtSec10. AtExo70E2, but not its yeast counterpart, is also capable of inducing EXPO formation in animal cells. Inversely, neither human nor yeast Exo70 homologs are able to cause the formation of EXPO in Arabidopsis protoplasts. These results point to a specific and crucial role for AtExo70E2 in EXPO formation. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Ding, Yu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-118). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- p.1 / General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The secretory system in eukaryotic cells --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Exocytosis and exocyst complex --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Project Objectives --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- p.9 / Exocyst-positive organelles (EXPOs) mediate unconventional protein secretion in plant cells --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Abstract --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Expression pattern of different AtExo70 paralogs with fluorescent tag in Arabidopsis protoplasts --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- The organelles labeled by AtExo70E2 are distinct from well known endomembrane markers --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- The AtExo70E2 positive organelles do not lie on the secretory or endocytic pathways --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Arabidopsis Exo70E2-specific antibodies confirm identity of AtExo70E2-positive organelles --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- AtExo70E2 positive organelles are true and novel double membrane organelles --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- EXPO are not autophagosomes but sequester cytosolic proteins to release them into the apoplast --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.53 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- EXPO: novel organelles labeled by exocyst --- p.53 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- EXPO and autophagosome: same or not? --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- EXPO: the evidence of unconventional secretion in plant cells --- p.56 / Chapter 2.6 --- Perspectives --- p.56 / Chapter CHATER 3 --- p.58 / AtExo70E2 is essential for exocyst subunit recruitment and for EXPO formation in both plants and animals --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1 --- Abstract --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- AtExo70E2 is required for the membrane recruitment of a number of exocyst subunits --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- AtExo70E2 is required for the recruitment of some other, but not all, AtExo70 subunits --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- AtExo70A1 is unable to recruit other exocyst subunits --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- FRET and BiFC confirm interactions between AtExo70E2 and other exocyst subunits --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Arabidopsis Exo70E2 can also induce EXPO formation in animal cells --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Neither human nor yeast Exo70 can induce EXPO in plant protoplasts --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- EXPO induced by AtExo70-GFP expression in HEK cells do not colocalize with standard organelle markers --- p.87 / Chapter 3.4.8 --- Electron microscopy confirms the presence of EXPO-like, double membrane structures in HEK cells after expression of AtExo70E2-GFP --- p.87 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Plant exocyst and the discovery of EXPO --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- AtExo70E2 is a key player in exocyst recruitment onto EXPO --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- AtExo70E2 expression as a signal for EXPO formation --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6 --- Perspectives --- p.100 / References: --- p.101 / Chapter List of publications derived from this Ph.D. thesis research --- p.119

Current studies in the field of occupational sociology often present the deficiency of regarding workplace and work community as a backdrop, in front of which workers perform their duties. The two elements have not been receiving the attention they deserve. In light of this, this thesis argues that instead of merely setting the scene for investigation, workplace and work community are crucial and deciding factors in the construction of work identity. During the process, the influence of clients, including supervisors, peers and customers also comes in and participates in portraying this identity. Employing data collected through personal work experience, participant observation and in-depth interviews in commercial kitchens, this thesis advocates a conceptual model to explain the impact of these elements during the construction of work identity, and the dynamics among them therein. In terms of research method, this is also a demonstration of the importance of "going back to the workplace" when conducting similar researches under the auspice of occupational sociology. / Fung Yat-chung. / "December 2004." / Adviser: Lui Tai-lok. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0356. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-202). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

There have been numerous twin-based studies in the past that control for the unobservable variables in the analyses. However, these past studies have often yielded contradictory results with no consensus on some important issues and no definite conclusions. The objective of the present study is an attempt to explain some of the differences in the past studies, and to re-examine some issues on returns to education, the importance of genetic and environmental factors, and the significance of measurement errors. / This study applies four twin-based models to three available US twin data. The empirical results in this study show that (1) while some differences in existing studies are caused by different data used, other differences are due to different models used; (2) the "true" returns to schooling are mostly less than the "overall" returns to schooling, indicating a positive omitted variable bias; (3) the omitted variables are a significant portion, viz. approximately 40%, of the "overall" returns to schooling; (4) these omitted variables, when divided into the genetic and environmental factors, generally indicate that environmental factors have a stronger effect than genetic factors; (5) models with two schooling variables are more prone to measurement error, biasing the estimates more significantly; (6) the measurement error problem in the schooling variable biases the estimates and the magnitude of the bias depends on the data used; and (7) results for males and females are different. / Yung Chor-Wing Linda. / "May 2000." / Adviser: Junsen Zhang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-08, Section: A, page: 3293. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-205). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Earthquake impacts are widely studied across numerous disciplines. However, no systematic approach to quantify the "size" of an earthquake for impact research exists. This work provides the first comprehensive discussion and empirical study on how to measure the natural hazard of an earthquake for application in the social sciences. A data set consisting of all relevant global ground shaking from 1973 to 2015 combined with population exposure data and impact data is constructed based on 14,608 ShakeMaps. The empirical work shows that magnitude is not a good proxy for shaking and that measures of total earthquake size based on ground motion parameters perform better in explaining impacts than magnitude. In particular peak ground acceleration (PGA) performs well and is applied for two separate impact analyses. First, the relationship between earthquake ground shaking and public health related variables in California is investigated. Second, the global impact of earthquake ground shaking on long-run economic growth is studied. Furthermore, this work introduces the concept of a shaking center as well as a shaking centroid and provides the first global statistics on the area exposed to strong ground shaking for a given earthquake.

This thesis examines the re-emergence of the design manifestos since the 1990s to articulate what these manifestos tell us about the morality of design. By doing so, I have hypothesised that these manifestos offer moral dimensions to design by espousing ethical, social and civic values. These moral dimensions invite specifically, graphic designers to look closely at their actions as design agents and to incorporate research, theory and practice as a unit of design process. In so doing, the graphic designer will work towards a user-centred outcome while showing sensitivity to their society, culture, politics, technologies and natural environments. This thesis also presents my project explorations drawn from my hypothesis of the moral dimensions of design to extract insight to the graphic design process and practice encouraged by the six manifestos. This highlights that design offers infinite possibilities within any given context to the community of users and determines that the incorporation of responsibility must be part of everyday design practice. / Master of Arts (Hons)

published_or_final_version / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences