Children with chronic renal failure are at extremely high risk of premature cardiovascular disease. In our work, we have shown that the measurement of carotis intima- media thickness (CIMT) with high resolution ultrasound is a suitable method for the diagnosis of early atherosclerotic changes especially in younger children. In contrast, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) according to our experience is not very suitable method for investigations in pediatrics because of its high variability. In our group of patients we did not find correlation of preclinical atherosclerosis measured by CIMT with any of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight expressed as body mass index). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was found in the ESRD patients between the CIMT and serum bilirubin and albumin. On the one hand, these findings could indicate an impaired defending mechanisms against oxidative stress, which are considered one of the key factors in the development of atherosclerotic process, on the other hand they indicated an important role played by nutritional status in children with ESRD. In addition, we found strong evidence for significant correlations between CIMT and proteinuria as another discussed cardiovascular risk factor in boys, but not in girls. To our...

The aim of my thesis was to assess the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids n 3 (DHA and EPA) on gene expression, mainly PPARy, in model organism. The expression of PPARy gene is increased by these polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus they decrease the risk of development of inflammation and atherosclerosis. This hypothesis was tested on 40 test rats (Wistar albino). The first 7 weeks the rats were fed with a diet containing beef tallow and sweet condensed milk until they manifested mild obesity and inflammation. During other 7 weeks they were divided into 4 groups, each containing 10 individuals. One of the groups was further fed with diet containing beef tallow (control group), other groups received diet with 6% content of oil from safflower added, 6% content of fish oil (high content of EPA) or 6% content of oil from Schizochytrium alga (high content of DHA). The expression of PPARy was measured by using molecular-biology methods at the end of the trial. It was proven that the diet rich on DHA increases PPARy gene expression (P<0,05). The increase of PPARy gene expression in a diet containing fish oil was inconclusive (P>0,05). With these results we confirmed the hypothesis that diet rich on PUFA n3 decreases the risk of inflammation development and atherosclerosis and that DHA is significantly more effective.

Background: There is no study focusing on changes of coronary atherosclerosis during dual hypolipidemic therapy with statin and ezetimibe. Methods: 107 patients with stable angina were enrolled and the final analysis was performed in 89 patients. Randomization was 1:1 to the group A (atorvastatin 80mg and ezetimibe 10mg) and to the standard group S. Treatment period was 12 months. Results: Changes of percent atheroma volume (PAV) were -0,4% in group A and + 1,4% in group S, p=0,014. Combine atherosclerosis regression (increase of lumen volume together with decrease of PAV) was found more frequent in group A (40,5%) than the group S (14,9%), p=0,007. The target LDLc level < 2mmol/l, presence of at least four of five atherosclerotic risk factors, and decrease of VCAM level were independent predictors for plaque regression. There were no significant differences in plaque composition between the two groups over the duration of the study. However during analysis the two groups together, fibrous and fibro-fatty tissues decreased and dense calcification and necrotic core increased during follow-up. Conclusion: The dual hypolipidemic therapy starts atherosclerosis regression. Despite significant decrease of lipid levels the continuous plaque shift from fibro and fibro-fatty to necrotic with calcification...

Preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the main components of preventive medicine. This thesis deals with prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is at the background of 90 % of CVD. The next chapters deal with the most common cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. There is described determination of cardiovascular risk and a nutritional prevention is included at the end of the theoretical part. A part of this work is a research carried out on 107 randomly selected individuals. The main objective was to find out the level of knowledge of this individuals about the possibilities of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The survey was performed in a questionnaire survey, both in electronic and printed form. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (87,9 %) correctly associate the CVD with an inappropriate lifestyle, only 12,1 % of respondents considered the most important factor in genetics. The negative influence of inappropriate meals and lack of physical activity prevails in the respondents' awareness. Most respondents also correctly stated that CVD accounts for almost 50 % of all deaths in the Czech Republic. An active interest in lifestyle, which is an integral part of preventive measures,...

The main goal of this diploma thesis was the stress-strain analysis of iliac artery with atheroma.This problem was solved using finite element method (FEM).For the calculation purposes three two-dimensional models were created. The geometry was gained from transversal sections through the iliac artery with ateroma. This geometry is educed from used literature review. The main calculation process was run by ANSYS 11.0 program system.

Background: There is no study focusing on changes of coronary atherosclerosis during dual hypolipidemic therapy with statin and ezetimibe. Methods: 107 patients with stable angina were enrolled and the final analysis was performed in 89 patients. Randomization was 1:1 to the group A (atorvastatin 80mg and ezetimibe 10mg) and to the standard group S. Treatment period was 12 months. Results: Changes of percent atheroma volume (PAV) were -0,4% in group A and + 1,4% in group S, p=0,014. Combine atherosclerosis regression (increase of lumen volume together with decrease of PAV) was found more frequent in group A (40,5%) than the group S (14,9%), p=0,007. The target LDLc level < 2mmol/l, presence of at least four of five atherosclerotic risk factors, and decrease of VCAM level were independent predictors for plaque regression. There were no significant differences in plaque composition between the two groups over the duration of the study. However during analysis the two groups together, fibrous and fibro-fatty tissues decreased and dense calcification and necrotic core increased during follow-up. Conclusion: The dual hypolipidemic therapy starts atherosclerosis regression. Despite significant decrease of lipid levels the continuous plaque shift from fibro and fibro-fatty to necrotic with calcification...

The aim of my thesis on topic The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of rats on expression of selected genes was to investigate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) on the expression of genes which encode GPR120, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors in relation to suppress low-grade chronic inflammation in organism to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by dietary intervention in rats. Rats were fed by a mixture MYPO with 6 % safflower oil (diet S), 6 % fish oil (diet F) or 6 % of oil from algae Schizochytrium (diet A). Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR method and the results were evaluated by using the software qbase + (Biogazelle NV). Relative expression of GPR120 gene was in F diet 88 % (P > 0,05), in A diet 93 % (P > 0,05) in comparison with control group (100 %). Relative expression of ADIPOR1 gene was in F diets and A diet 82 % (P < 0,05) in comparison with the control group. For ADIPOR2 gene relative expression was 71 % (P < 0,05) in diet F and 68 % (P < 0,05) in diet A. The results were contrary to our hypothesis. However, they exactly match the results of other studies in the available literature. It would be appropriate to carry out further studies on this issue.

My thesis consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. In theoretical part I deal with information about the fatty acids and its structure, functions and influence on our health. Last but not least I focused on diseases that may arise due to bad intake of fatty acids. It is the atherosclerosis. The second part of my thesis is the already mentioned practical part. This consisted of a samples of pigs in which were taken all animal tissues and subsequent determination of the fatty acids. In my thesis I deal with liver and muscle tissue. These samples were taken from pigs that had fish or palm oil in the diet. The determination was done by lyophilization, extraction, derivatization and gas chromatography. Based on the results, I conducted a statistical evaluation using graphs and a final evaluation of the results.

Diet and other regimens are part of the treatment of dyslipidemia, where the objective is trough modification lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, to influence the cardiovascular risk and to reduce the risk of atherothrombotic compliations. The aim of this work was to investigate the importance of different diets in influencing the risk factors of KVO in patients treated with statins, i.e. to assess the dietary habits of these patients by means of a questionnaire and to monitor the changes, from before to after, of the selected anthropometric and laboratoty parameters. The study included 41 patients of an average age of age of 50 years ± 11. The duration of statin therapy: 88 % of them over half year, 12 % of them less than six months. 73 % of them do not smoke, 27 % were smokers. The dietary habits questionnaire was completed by the patient prior to education and subsequently evaluated. The monitored parameters - weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-c, non- HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin in diabetics were evaluated before and after 2-3 months of education. Patients were predominantly familiar with the basic rules of a low fat diet but over 30% patients consume food inappropriately for the diet and over 30 % of patients did not consume foods...

This diploma thesis consists of two parts - the theoretical and the practical one. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters; the first three are focused on the main information about atherosclerosis such as its definition, predilection areas, process of atherosclerotic changes, the most important risk factors and its clinical consequences. The following chapter introduces the essential measures used in cardiovascular disease prevention. The last chapter deals with education and also describes education for cardiovascular disease prevention. The practical part is dedicated to the assessment of knowledge about the appropriate composition of diet in patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors. The research part was carried out on grounds of the quantitative survey through a questionnaire, which was completed by patients of the Centre for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease of the General Teaching Hospital in Prague in the course of three months - from 1st November 2017 to 31st January 2018. There are one main and two partial aims to the study; the main aim was to determine knowledge about the appropriate composition of diet in patients. This aim was accomplished, patients were successful in some knowledge questions, but only a small number of them knew the right answer to...