Negativity and Hedonic Relevance are examined as factors potentially influencing attributions associated with changes in the built environment. Ninety-nine male and female university students participated on a "survey" testing the extension of previous research identifying these variables as biasing perceivers toward asserting "person" as opposed to "situational" causation. As predicted, increased negativity resulted in significantly more inferences of negative dispositions to only implicitly involved actors. A significant interaction effect was also identified between negativity and gender, with males making more attributions of causality (blame) in response to a more negative event, as predicted for all subjects, and females making less. No new evidence for the role of Hedonic Relevance was identified due to failure of the associated manipulation. A greater focus on gender differences in future attribution research is recommended, as is a greater awareness among architects and planners of the psychological processes underlying the experience of environmental change.

M.A. (Psychology) / Test anxiety has been widely researched in terms of its etiology and treatment. However, the results have been somewhat inconclusive, pointing to the fact that cognitive variables have not been accorded with the necessary amount of explanatory weight. The literature seemed to indicate that attribution of success and failure in test-related situations as well as the appropriate interpretation of cues in test-related information would account for a significant proportion of the variance observed in test anxiety. It was the purpose of this study to determine the extent and nature of the influence of attributional style and cue usage in test anxiety. In order to test the hypotheses two groups of students were selected. The experimental group consisted of students with high scores on two measures of test anxiety, and the control group consisted of students with low scores on the measures of test anxiety. These groups were then compare on scores of attributional style and cue usage. The hypotheses for the study were not supported. The results were discussed in the context of test anxiety approaching a phobic nature rather than a generalized anxiety state.

by Ma Yuen-kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-93). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Ma Yuen-kwan. / LIST OF TABLES --- p.i / ABBREVIATIONS AND FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE EVENTS --- p.iii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Background and problem of the study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of the study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the study --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE / Chapter 2.1 --- The phenomenon of learned helplessness --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- The original learned helplessness model --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The experiment -- an animal research --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Effects found in the animals of the experiment --- p.9 / Chapter -- --- Motivational deficit / Chapter -- --- Cognitive deficit / Chapter -- --- Emotional deficit / Chapter -- --- Performance deficit / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The human research --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Inadequacies of the original model --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- The reformulated learned helplessness model --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Causal attributions in learned helplessness --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Internality in learned helplessness --- p.13 / Chapter -- --- "Self-esteem loss, personal helplessness and universal helplessness" / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Stability in learned helplessness --- p.14 / Chapter -- --- Chronic helplessness and temporary helplessness / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Globality in learned helplessness --- p.15 / Chapter -- --- Pervasive helplessness and specific helplessness / Chapter 2.4 --- Instruments of measuring attributional styles and their psychometric properties --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- The Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) --- p.17 / Chapter -- --- Internal consistency / Chapter -- --- Consistency across goal areas (achievement-affiliation) / Chapter -- --- Consistency across outcomes (good-bad) / Chapter -- --- Intercorrelations of dimensions (internal-stable-global) / Chapter -- --- Stability / Chapter -- --- Validity / Chapter 2.4.2 --- The Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire (Expanded ASQ) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- The Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- The Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE Technique) --- p.26 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHOD / Chapter 3.1 --- Definitions --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Learned helplessness --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Dimensionality --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hypotheses --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- Subjects --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The preliminary investigation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- The pilot study --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The main study --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Instrument --- p.35 / The Chinese Attributional Style Questionnaire (CHASQ) / Chapter -- --- A critical examination on the applicability of the ASQ / Chapter -- --- The identification and categorization of hypothetical events / Chapter -- --- The item construction of the CHASQ / Chapter -- --- The pilot study of the CHASQ / Chapter -- --- The scoring system of the CHASQ / Chapter 3.5 --- Procedure --- p.42 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- The preliminary investigation --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- The pilot study --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- The main study --- p.43 / Chapter 3.6 --- Analyses --- p.43 / Chapter 3.7 --- Limitations --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- The pilot study --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- The main study --- p.51 / Chapter -- --- Reliability of the CHASQ / Chapter -- --- Means and standard deviations / Chapter -- --- Factor structure of the CHASQ / Chapter -- --- Intercorrelations among the individual dimension scoresin aversive events / Chapter -- --- Intercorrelations among the individual dimension scoresin positive events / Chapter -- --- Group difference (between high-banding and low-banding subjects) of individual dimensions in both achievement and affiliative events / Chapter -- --- Attributional styles of the sampled subjects with the real life experiences / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- "CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS" / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- Implications --- p.78 / Chapter 5.3 --- Recommendations --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- The evaluation of the validity of the contextualized CHASQ (Chinese Attributional Style Questionnaire) --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Qualitative studies on the phenomenon of learned helplessness --- p.81 / REFERENCES --- p.82 / APPENDIX / Chapter A. --- Questionnaire of the preliminary investigation --- p.94 / Chapter B. --- Categorization of the good and bad events in achievement- related and affiliative domains --- p.100 / Chapter C. --- Suggestions of the hypothetical events for the Chinese Attributional Style Questionnaire --- p.101 / Chapter D. --- A preliminary draft of the Chinese Attributional Style Questionnaire (CHASQ;華人歸因模式問卷初稿） --- p.102 / Chapter E. --- A final draft of the Chinese Attributional Style Questionnaire (CHASQ;華人歸因模式問卷定稿） --- p.114

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of sex, physical attractiveness, and attitude similarity on the attributions of counseling students for the supposed adjustment problem of a bogus stimulus person presented as having failed to benefit from a counseling experience. Attributions were measured along dimensions of locus of causality (internal-external), stability (stable-unstable), and controllability (controllable-uncontrollable).Many previous studies have investigated various aspects of sex, physical attractiveness, and/or attitudes in relation to interpersonal attraction, but this study attempted to examine all three in the context of an applied counseling setting.The subjects were 70 female and 25 male volunteers, who were enrolled in graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in Counseling Psychology at Ball State University and at Governors State University.The dependent variable measure was the Causal Dimension Scale, composed of three subscales which measure locus of causality, stability, and controllability. The Student Attribution Survey served as a source of eight covariate measures, with two scores, one each for positive events and negative events, for the four attributional dimensions of ability, effort, luck, and task difficulty. The Brief Measure of Activism, Regarding the Nuclear Arms Race was used to ascertain subjects' attitudes toward this issue and to determine whether they were attitude similar or dissimilar to the stimulus person.The study was designed as a 2 X 2 X 2 full factorial with two levels of sex (male-female), two levels of physical attractiveness (attractive-unattractive), and two levels of attitude similarity (similar-dissimilar). The data was analyzed via a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results at or below the .05 level of significance were considered available for interpretation.The results revealed that only the main effect for attitude similarity was significant. Subjects who read a description of an attitude similar stimulus person viewed the person's problem as external, stable, and uncontrollable, attributing it to task difficulty. Subjects who read a description of an attitude dissimilar stimulus person viewed the problem as internal, unstable, and controllable, attributing it to effort. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This thesis investigates the actor-observer phenomenon which affects people's understanding of their environment and other human beings. / Thesis (MPsy(Specialisation))--University of South Australia, 2003.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa. / Bibliography: leaves 168-174.

Thesis (B.A. Hons. 1977) from the Department of Psycology, University of Adelaide.

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 14, 2010). Advisor: William Kalkhoff. Keywords: Affect Control Theory; attribution; emotions; agency. Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-28).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-239).