This essay presents a comparative analysis of the characterizations of the female protagonists Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen̕ s Pride and Prejudice (1813), and Becky Sharp in William Makepeace Thackeray̕ s Vanity Fair (1847-1848). The analysis is conducted from a gender perspective, and with the use of feminist criticism. The two novels complement each other since they are both satirical images of society, concerning aspects such as class and gender. Also, both novels  portray women climbing the class ladder, during the period of the Napoleonic wars. In the comparison, the main focus lies on the social satire constructed around the heroines of these novels. I come to the conclusion that Austen̕ s and Thackeray̕ s characterizations are very different from each other, mainly due to their different satirical approaches. This conclusion is put in relation to a patriarchal context and to feminist values. / I denna uppsats presenteras en komparativ analys av karaktäriseringarna av de kvinnliga huvudkaraktärerna Elizabeth Bennet i Jane Austens Stolthet och Fördom (1813), och Becky Sharp i William Makepeace Thackerays Vanity Fair (1847-1848). Analysen är utförd från ett genusperspektiv, och med användning av feministisk samhällskritik. De två romanerna kompletterar varandra då de båda är satiriska illustreringar av samhället, och både rör aspekter såsom klass och genus. Dessutom porträtterar båda novellerna klassklättrande kvinnor under tiden för Napoleonkrigen. I jämförelsen ligger största fokuset på samhällssatiren konstruerad kring hjältinnorna i de båda romanerna. Jag når slutsatsen att Austens och Thackerays karaktäriseringar skiljer sig mycket från varandra, främst på grund av författarnas skilda förhållningssätt till sin satir. Denna slutsats relateras till en patriarkal kontext, samt till feministiska värderingar.

Le discours de la doxa est le ciment du lien social. Il favorise la logique de l’identification à un groupe. Un groupe social se reconnaît à son idiome et à ses signifiants-maîtres. Ces signifiants fonctionnent comme signes de reconnaissance. Ces signes sont classifiés selon une échelle de valeurs qui permet de juger les discours en fonction de leur emploi de ces signes. Tous ces signes se résument en réalité à un seul signe, celui de l’argent. Le seul discours susceptible de pouvoir s’opposer à cette logique du capital est le discours amoureux. L’expérience amoureuse est une aspiration à un nouveau discours. Les amants doivent inventer un nouvel idiome leur permettant de fonder un nous qui ne soit plus le nous du discours social. L’ironie de l’écriture austenienne attaque cet idéalisme. Discours du capital et discours amoureux ont un même aboutissement, le mariage. Le mariage appartient à une logique économique. Il assure la survie des partenaires d’un contrat. Dans un tel contexte, l’idéal amoureux est incapable de se libérer de la logique du capital. Capital et amour ne forment qu’un seul et même idéal. Dans les romans de Jane Austen, la rencontre amoureuse, entre idéal et désenchantement, est paradoxale et ambivalente. Le rite social du mariage représente un effort pour traduire l’idiome du capital dans celui de l’amour et vice versa. Or ces deux idiomes ne sont pas traduisibles l’un dans l’autre. L’écriture austenienne témoigne d’un différend. Le Neutre est le fondement de ce témoignage. Si l’écriture des romans de Jane Austen emprunte le langage de la morale, le discours n’est pas moralisateur. L’usage de l’ironie neutralise tout jugement définitif. Le jugement est renvoyé à la responsabilité du lecteur. La lecture des romans de Jane Austen devient une expérience du témoignage d’un différend. / The discourse of the doxa is what holds society together. This discourse orientates the logic presiding at the identification to a group. A social group can be recognized by its idiom and by its master-signifiers. These signifiers work as signs of recognition. They are classified according to a scale of values, which allows to judge discourses depending on the way those signs are used. There is in fact only one sign that governs their use: money. The only discourse which could stand against the power of the capital is the discourse of love. The experience of love leads to a search for a new type of discourse. Lovers have to invent a new idiom to be able to form a new we which will no longer be the we of the social discourse. But this idealism is discredited by the irony of Jane Austen’s novels. The discourse of the capital and the discourse of love lead to the same purpose, marriage. Getting married is an economic urge. The survival of the two partners is guaranteed by marriage. In such a context, love as an ideal cannot free itself from the logic of the capital. Capital and love become one identical ideal. In Jane Austen’s novels, between idealism and disenchantment, love is represented in a paradoxical and ambivalent way. Marriage, as a social rite, represents an effort to translate the idiom of the capital into the idiom of love and vice versa. However these idioms cannot be translated into one another. Jane Austen’s way of writing bears witness to this differend. The choice of the Neuter is the basis of this possibility. If in Jane Austen’s novels, the language of morality is omnipresent, their discourse is not a moralizing one. Irony neutralizes any final judgment. The responsibility to judge is imparted to the reader. Reading Jane Austen’s novels becomes the experience of what it means to bear witness to the differend.

Jane Austen (1775- 1817) vécut à une période de ruptures politiques, économiques et sociales sur lesquelles se greffèrent des expériences de la séparation sur les plans familiaux, personnels mais également professionnels et littéraires qui engendrèrent un sentiment de déchirure, sinon conscient, du moins profond. Le sentiment de la déliquescence du lien social et le besoin conséquent de liant qui émanent de ses 9 romans sont le reflet littéraire de ces expériences initiales fortes de la déliaison. De ce constat – navré – de la fragmentation du monde résulte l’élaboration d’une véritable éthique de l’attachement qui témoigne d’une préoccupation centrale pour les notions de sociabilité, de bienveillance et de politesse. Celles-ci définissent le souci d’autrui comme la voie tant de l’harmonie sociale que de la félicité et de la moralité, mettant en avant le rôle essentiel de la médiation d’autrui dans la constitution du sujet et établissant Austen non seulement en véritable romancière de l’union mais en romancière conservatrice. Cependant, chez Austen, le maillage se fait également procédé d’écriture, relevant d’une volonté de structuration, d’ordre et de contrôle scripturaux, qui, si elle accorde une place de choix au lien avec le lecteur, n’est pas sans présenter des ambivalences conséquentes. Le maillage ne cacherait-il pas autre chose qu’un besoin de relier le monde ? Ne participerait-il pas, au final, à définir Austen comme une romancière de l’Ego, travaillée par la notion de désir et partageant notamment les préoccupations de ses contemporains romantiques ? / Our project is to offer an analysis of the nine major works of English novelist Jane Austen. Austen (1775-1817) lived through a time of political, economic and social changes, on top of which came further personal and professional experiences of loss and separation which led to an overwhelming sense of fragmentation. As to counter what she deemed a serious threat to her world, Austen thus elaborates a profound ethics of attachment, testifying to a real concern for the notions of sociability, sympathy and politeness, which bears striking similarities with Shaftesbury’s philosophy. Concern for others is defined as the only real path towards social harmony, personal felicity and morality, underlining the centrality of social relationships in Austen’s representation of the individual. However, we will throw light on the complexity and problems of such representation, so as to show how instrumental those ambivalences are in defining Austen actually as a novelist of the « I », preoccupied with the notion of personal desire and sharing the concerns of her Romantic contemporaries as early as Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-10T17:18:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Carolyna Ribeiro Cardoso - 2017.pdf: 1789284 bytes, checksum: fba62d5aacb22cae0fe0a435c9f7018a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T12:49:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Carolyna Ribeiro Cardoso - 2017.pdf: 1789284 bytes, checksum: fba62d5aacb22cae0fe0a435c9f7018a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T12:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anna Carolyna Ribeiro Cardoso - 2017.pdf: 1789284 bytes, checksum: fba62d5aacb22cae0fe0a435c9f7018a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Jane Austen’s most famous novel, Pride and Prejudice, was published in 1813. It portraits the lives of the daughters from the Bennet family, who need to get married in order to maintain themselves. It is a novel about women: it was written by a woman, its narrator has a feminine perspective and focuses on another woman, Elizabeth Bennet. The book also discusses typical female problems in the XIX century England. The persistent retelling of Pride and Prejudice in movies, series, novels indicates how the Austenian work keeps enchanting the public because it discusses topics such as love and people’s ability to judge a character. These are humaninity’s most relevant archetypical preoccupations and, before Austen, they appeared in myths and fairytales such as Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast. This dissertation aims to analyze Pride and Prejudice comparing it to the Greek myth and French fairytale, focusing on the female initiation processes experienced by Elizabeth, Psyche and Beauty. This dissertation has a qualitative, bibliographical and comparative approach. The most important theoretical texts used to discuss it were Rites and Symbols of Initiation: the mysteries of birth and rebirth (1975) by Mircea Eliade, Jane Eyre’s sisters: how women live and write the heroine’s story (2015) by Jody Bower, The annotated Pride and Prejudice (2012) by Jane Austen with notes by David Shapard, Caminho para a iniciação feminina (1985) by Sylvia Perera and O poder do mito (1990) de Joseph Campbell. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the female initiation has a prominent role in this Austenian novel and makes it possible to be constantly reread. / A obra mais famosa de Jane Austen, Orgulho e Preconceito, foi publicada em 1813. Seu enredo retrata o cotidiano da família Bennet, especialmente a situação das filhas da família, as quais precisam se casar para poder se manter. É um romance sobre mulheres, escrito por uma mulher. Sob a perspectiva de uma narradora, conta a história de Elizabeth Bennet, além de discutir problemas tipicamente femininos do século XIX inglês. A recorrência da atualização ou da releitura de Orgulho e Preconceito em livros, filmes e outras mídias demostra que a obra mantém o encantamento do público leitor por tratar de temas essencialmente humanos, como o amor ou o pré-julgamento, reacendendo preocupações arquetípicas do ser humano, em seu ser e estar no mundo. Esses mesmos temas foram representados, muito antes de Austen, em mitos e contos de fadas, como Cupido e Psiquê ou a Bela e a Fera. O objetivo desta dissertação é a análise de Orgulho e Preconceito de Jane Austen como releitura do mito e do conto de fadas. O trabalho desenvolvido tem caráter bibliográfico, qualitativo e comparativo. No decorrer da análise, foram levantados os mitemas recorrentes que se apresentam nas três narrativas, e enfocado o percurso iniciático feminino vivenciado tanto por Elizabeth Bennet quanto por Psiquê e Bela. Os referenciais teóricos mais relevantes para a pesquisa foram Rites and Symbols of Initiation: the mysteries of birth and rebirth (1975) de Mircea Eliade, Jane Eyre’s sisters: how women live and write the heroine’s story (2015) de Jody Bower, The annotated Pride and Prejudice (2012) de Jane Austen com anotações de David Shapard, Caminho para a iniciação feminina (1985) de Sylvia Perera e O poder do mito (1990) de Joseph Campbell, entre outros. Concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento feminino no romance austeniano tem aspecto fundamental para a construção da obra e sua consequente atualização.

Cette thèse étudie certaines formes de la manifestation de la présence du traducteur dans la traduction littéraire angl.fr.. Une approche théorique ouvre l’étude : la manière dont on envisage la présence du traducteur dans un texte est analysée à travers les diverses réflexions et théories formulées sur la traduction depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours. S’ensuivent quelques réflexions sur le traducteur littéraire : ses relations à l’écriture, puis à l’auteur, ou au texte à traduire sont analysées à travers des témoignages de traducteurs : amour, haine, désir, plaisir — autant de sentiments forts qui interviennent au cours du processus de traduction. Trois cas particuliers de la relation auteur-traducteur sont évoqués. Une étude des différentes traces (visibles et invisibles) que laisse un traducteur dans son texte précède une vaste étude sur corpus. Le rôle de négociateur entre langues et cultures qu’endosse un traducteur est étudié à travers les œuvres d’H. Fielding et J. Austen : entre visibilité et invisibilité, les choix des traducteurs sont analysés et commentés. Les traductions choisies pour J. Austen permettent d’envisager le devenir de l’unité d’une œuvre traduite par plusieurs traducteurs différents. Une étude diachronique des traductions de Pride and Prejudice montre que la retraduction est le lieu par excellence de la manifestation de la présence du traducteur. Le dernier chapitre étudie le devenir de quelques caractéristiques du style de V. Woolf dans les traductions de The Waves par deux écrivains : M. Yourcenar et C. Wajsbrot. La présence du traducteur est indissociable de la traduction littéraire, elle détermine la réception de la littérature étrangère. / Our thesis examines various aspects of the translator's presence in literary translations from English into French. Our study starts with an overview of translation approaches and theories from antiquity to the present, with particular focus on the translator's presence. We then concentrate on literary translators’ relationships with the authors (and texts) they translate. Translators' accounts often reveal mixed feelings of love, hate, desire and/or pleasure, so many strong feelings that are inherent in the translation process. We go on to discuss three specific cases of translator/author relationships. A study of the various traces that translators leave in their translations (both visible and invisible) introduces our corpus-based study. In this part, the role of the translator as negotiator between languages and cultures is analysed through the translations of H. Fielding's Bridget Jones and J. Austen's six novels: the translators' choices, ranging from visibility to invisibility, are examined in depth. The analysis of Austen's translations is an opportunity to look into the problem of translations by multiple authors and their impact on the perceived unity of the works. A diachronic study of the translations of Pride and Prejudice shows that retranslation is the place par excellence where the translator's presence is most apparent. Our final chapter is devoted to the treatment of several features of V. Woolf's style in the two translations of The Waves by French writers M. Yourcenar and C. Wajsbrot. The translator's presence constitutes an integral part of literary translation, and determines the way foreign literature is received.

No description available.

This thesis attempts to clarify how the authors incorporated their theological beliefs in their writing to more clearly discover, although modern audiences often enjoy both authors, why Charlotte Bronte was unimpressed with Jane Austen. The thesis is an examination of the ways in which Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte interact with the Evangelical Reformation within the Anglican Church in their novels Mansfield Park and Jane Eyre, respectively. Both authors, as daughters of Anglican clergymen, were aware of and influenced by the movement, but at varying degrees. This project begins with a brief explanation of the state of the Anglian Church and beginnings of the Evangelical Reformation. The thesis then examines George Austen's influence on his daughter and the characters and text of Mansfield Park to observe the ways in which traditional Anglicanism and tenets of Evangelicalism are discussed in the novel, revealing more clearly where Austen's personal beliefs aligned. Similarly, the project then analyzes Patrick Bronte's influence on Charlotte Bronte and evaluates the characters and text of Jane Eyre to mark the significance of the Evangelical movement on Charlotte Bronte. After studying these works and religious components of their lives, the thesis argues that Austen's traditionally Anglican subtlety with the subject of religion did not appeal to Bronte's passion for the subject, clearly inspired by the Evangelical Reformation. / Master of Arts / Charlotte Brontë was unimpressed with the writing of Jane Austen, which is surprising as the audience for one author usually also enjoys the other author as well. Although the specific reason for Brontë’s distaste for Austen is unknown, this thesis proposes that Brontë disagreed with how Austen portrayed Evangelicalism. Both Brontë and Austen were Anglican clergymen’s daughters, and they both grew up with an awareness of the Evangelical Reformation occurring in the Anglican Church. Brontë was influenced by the movement more, which this thesis shows after first outlining the Evangelical Reformation, exploring Austen’s relationship with it and how it appears in Mansfield Park, and then examining Brontë’s relationship with the Reformation and how it appears in Jane Eyre as well. This thesis contains brief historical and biographical sketches of the authors and their families, literary examinations of the novels Mansfield Park and Jane Eyre to study how the authors interacted with the Evangelical ideals, and an analysis that looks at faith in these two novels in a comparative way to explain why Brontë might have disagreed with and therefore disliked Austen’s writing.

This thesis argues that a ‘tradition of moral analysis’ between Jane Austen and George Eliot — a common ground which has been identified by critics from F.R. Leavis to Gillian Beer, but never fully explored — can be illuminated by turning to what this thesis calls ‘the reflective tradition’. In the eighteenth century, ideas about reflection provided a new and influential way of thinking about the human mind; about how we come to know ourselves and the world around us through the mind. The belief in the individual to act as his/her own guide through the cultivation of a reflective mind and attentiveness to a reflective voice emerges across a wide range of discourses. This thesis begins with an examination of reflection in the philosophy, children’s literature, novels, poetry, educational tracts and sermons that would have been known to Austen. It then defines Austen’s development of reflective dynamics by looking at her six major novels; finally, it analyzes Middlemarch to define Eliot’s proximity to this aspect of Austen’s art. The thesis documents Eliot’s reading of Austen through the criticism of G. H. Lewes to support a reading of Eliot’s assimilation of an Austenian attention to mental processes in her novels. Reflection is at the heart of moral life and growth for both novelists. This thesis corrects a tendency in Austen’s reception to focus on the mimetic aspect of her art, thereby overlooking the introspective sense of reflection. It offers new insights into Austen’s and Eliot’s work, and it contributes to an understanding of the development of the realist novel and the ethical dimension in the role of the novel reader.

Quanto mais nostálgicas e românticas se tornam as noções que apresentam sobre mundo idealizado de Austen, mais claramente podemos perceber as carências que fazem com que assim o percebam. Portanto, o objetivo desta tese é apresentar uma leitura de The Jane Austen Book Club através da aproximação com a obra de Austen, e assim entender o que as personagens de Fowler estão procurando, e por quê. A premissa é que essa busca revela muito a respeito do mundo contemporâneo. No âmbito da literatura, tomando Austen e Fowler como autoras que revelam os protocolos de leitura de suas épocas, espero explicitar algumas das razões do fascínio exercido por Austen sobre o leitor de hoje. Para tanto, utilizo como apoio teórico o contraste entre os conceitos de modernidade sólida e modernidade líquida propostos por Zygmunt Bauman, especialmente em relação às considerações sobre os termos fluidez, ética, velocidade, desimpedimento e medo. / Almost two hundred years separate Karen Joy Fowler from Jane Austen. The latter is a great English literary icon, author to six of the best treasured novels in English literature, admired for her style, wit and subtlety in the delineation of her characters and their social relations. The former is a contemporary awarded American Sci-fi and Fantasy writer, author to the novel The Jane Austen Book Club, which is the corpus of the present dissertation. In spite of the wide distance in time, subject matter, and even in literary stature that separates them, both authors are deeply involved in the investigation of human nature and human bonds. The Jane Austen Book Club not only pays homage to Jane Austen, it also offers a rich contrast between life as it was, in the 18th Century, in Austen’s rural England, and as it is now, in Fowler’s present-day sunny California. In Fowler’s novel we meet six interesting characters who undergo different kinds of personal crises. They form a book club and meet monthly, during half a year. In each meeting, they discuss one of Jane Austen´s novels. Each of them is in charge of leading the discussion on one of the novels. Fowler’s book is divided in six chapters, respectively: Jocelyn with Emma, Allegra with Sense and Sensibility, Prudie with Mansfield Park, Grigg with Northanger Abbey, Bernadette with Pride and Prejudice, and Sylvia with Persuasion. The way they interact with their assigned novels tells much not only about them and their circumstances, but also about the world in which they live. The more nostalgic and romantic their notion of Austen’s idealized past becomes, the clearer we can identify the circumstances in present-day life that provoke such reactions. The aim of this dissertation is to present a reading of The Jane Austen Book Club through an approximation with Austen’s work, so as to understand what Fowler’s characters are looking for, and why. The premise is that their quest tells about the world we live in nowadays, and about the difficulties we have in dealing with personal relations. To approach the contrast between the solid fictional world of Jane Austen and the liquid fictional world of Karen Joy Fowler, I rely on the theories presented by Zygmunt Bauman, especially on his use of concepts as fluidity, ethics, velocity, disengagement and fear.

Quanto mais nostálgicas e românticas se tornam as noções que apresentam sobre mundo idealizado de Austen, mais claramente podemos perceber as carências que fazem com que assim o percebam. Portanto, o objetivo desta tese é apresentar uma leitura de The Jane Austen Book Club através da aproximação com a obra de Austen, e assim entender o que as personagens de Fowler estão procurando, e por quê. A premissa é que essa busca revela muito a respeito do mundo contemporâneo. No âmbito da literatura, tomando Austen e Fowler como autoras que revelam os protocolos de leitura de suas épocas, espero explicitar algumas das razões do fascínio exercido por Austen sobre o leitor de hoje. Para tanto, utilizo como apoio teórico o contraste entre os conceitos de modernidade sólida e modernidade líquida propostos por Zygmunt Bauman, especialmente em relação às considerações sobre os termos fluidez, ética, velocidade, desimpedimento e medo. / Almost two hundred years separate Karen Joy Fowler from Jane Austen. The latter is a great English literary icon, author to six of the best treasured novels in English literature, admired for her style, wit and subtlety in the delineation of her characters and their social relations. The former is a contemporary awarded American Sci-fi and Fantasy writer, author to the novel The Jane Austen Book Club, which is the corpus of the present dissertation. In spite of the wide distance in time, subject matter, and even in literary stature that separates them, both authors are deeply involved in the investigation of human nature and human bonds. The Jane Austen Book Club not only pays homage to Jane Austen, it also offers a rich contrast between life as it was, in the 18th Century, in Austen’s rural England, and as it is now, in Fowler’s present-day sunny California. In Fowler’s novel we meet six interesting characters who undergo different kinds of personal crises. They form a book club and meet monthly, during half a year. In each meeting, they discuss one of Jane Austen´s novels. Each of them is in charge of leading the discussion on one of the novels. Fowler’s book is divided in six chapters, respectively: Jocelyn with Emma, Allegra with Sense and Sensibility, Prudie with Mansfield Park, Grigg with Northanger Abbey, Bernadette with Pride and Prejudice, and Sylvia with Persuasion. The way they interact with their assigned novels tells much not only about them and their circumstances, but also about the world in which they live. The more nostalgic and romantic their notion of Austen’s idealized past becomes, the clearer we can identify the circumstances in present-day life that provoke such reactions. The aim of this dissertation is to present a reading of The Jane Austen Book Club through an approximation with Austen’s work, so as to understand what Fowler’s characters are looking for, and why. The premise is that their quest tells about the world we live in nowadays, and about the difficulties we have in dealing with personal relations. To approach the contrast between the solid fictional world of Jane Austen and the liquid fictional world of Karen Joy Fowler, I rely on the theories presented by Zygmunt Bauman, especially on his use of concepts as fluidity, ethics, velocity, disengagement and fear.