The thesis examines the process of privatization in Austria in the 1990s and its relation to the change of consociationalism. The privatization of the Austrian economy was not only a big economic, but political event of the modern Austrian history. The public sector of economy which included seven dozens of manufacturing firms and two large state banks, became an important part of the consociational political culture which aim on achieving of social consensus. The thesis presents the historical, economic and political development of the Austrian public economy and conditions of decision-making of two big political parties as representatives of two main social-political camps, SPÖ and ÖVP, in the privatization issue. Moreover, there is presented in detail the process of financial rehabilitation and privatization during the governing of the "big coalition" of the Austrian social democratic party and the Austrian people's party (1986-1999). In the final part of the thesis is judged whether (and how) contributed the privatization of the state economy to the change of the political culture of consociationalism from the point of view: a) electoral dominance SPÖ and ÖVP, b) social partnership, c) position Austria in the international political and economic relations.