International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Telemetry & Instrumentation, in conjunction with NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, has developed a commercial, intelligent, data acquisition module that performs all functions associated with acquiring and digitizing a transducer measurement. These functions include transducer excitation, signal gain and anti-aliasing filtering, A/D conversion, linearization and digital filtering, and sample rate decimation. The functions are programmable and are set up from information stored in a local Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS). In addition, the module performs continuous self-calibration and self-test to maintain 0.01% accuracy over its entire operating temperature range for periods of one year without manual recalibration. The module operates in conjunction with a VME-based data acquisition system.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-08-08T22:07:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-versao-final.pdf: 2533927 bytes, checksum: e67082a909ebc3ec8a6260095b8ba929 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T22:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-versao-final.pdf: 2533927 bytes, checksum: e67082a909ebc3ec8a6260095b8ba929 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / The sustainability and the renewable energies are strongly discussed and their relevance in the global community should not be discarded, after all, natural resources are limited. The problems related to the misuse and exhaustion of these resources, besides the emission of gases, occurs mainly within the cities where the majority of the human activities are developed. For this reason, among others, the interest in monitoring climatic factors within cities is growing around the world. Our objective is to identify and classify Local Climate Zones in urban areas of Feira de Santana and propose a local scale sensing infrastructure. In order to achieve the proposed target, it was necessary to explore meteorological observation methods at urban sites; establish a raw data access service and an interface for end users; and to develop a meteorological station capable of measuring the investigated parameters representatively in the urban context. Of the existing methods for classification of urban sites, we used Local Climates Zones proposed by Stewart and Oke in a universe of thirty-five sites spread throughout the city of Feira de Santana. The procedure was carried out in three stages, where temperature and humidity data were first collected using the Arduino platform; in addition to observing and evaluating afforestation, buildings (types, height, spacing and material), types of surface, width of streets, traffic of vehicles and human activity. We adopted as parameter a radius of 500m for thermal source area. As result, we obtained the sites classification, constructed two tables and a map to expose the collected data and observations made identifying each site and its class. In order to fulfill the goal of developing a station adapted to the urban environment, we propose in this work the logical organization of a framework that defines the collection of data by automatic low-cost stations connected to the internet, and the visualization of this data by means of the 52? North SOS. For the construction of the prototype stations, we take into account the sensing of temperature and humidity only for demonstration of the framework, being possible to include more types of sensors in the future. The procedure adopted for the construction took into account the exposure criteria of the WMO temperature and humidity sensors, ensuring that the measured data are relevant to the urban climate. At the end of the application of this methodology, we reached a prototype that implements the proposed framework also using the Arduino platform. All generated source code was made available in a public repository under free software license. Analyzing the descriptions of the sites studied in this work, we noticed some characteristics that make up the city of Feira de Santana in general. As for the proportion of selected Local Climate Zones, the class that best represents Feira de Santana is the Compact low-rise (LCZ 3) evaluated in 40% of the studied sites. In addition, the spatial arrangement of the zones with this classification is very homogeneous in the sense of proximity and adjacencies. We have identified serious sanitation problems that are clearly observed in the absence of sewage and water drainage. The stations were originally developed by us following the guidelines of WMO and Oke, and we achieved a low cost construction using open hardware. / A sustentabilidade e as energias renov?veis s?o assuntos fortemente discutidos e sua relev?ncia na comunidade global n?o deve ser descartada, afinal os recursos naturais s?o limitados. Os problemas relacionados ao mau uso e esgotamento desses recursos, al?m da emiss?o de gases, ocorre principalmente dentro das cidades onde se desenvolvem a maioria das atividades humanas. Por esse motivo, entre outros, o interesse em monitorar fatores clim?ticos dentro das cidades est? crescendo em todo o mundo. Nosso objetivo ? identificar e classificar Zonas de Clima Local em s?tios urbanos de Feira de Santana e propor uma infraestrutura de sensoriamento em escala local. Para alcan?ar a meta proposta, foi necess?rio explorar m?todos de observa??o meteorol?gica em s?tios urbanos; estabelecer um servi?o de acesso aos dados brutos e uma interface para usu?rios finais; e desenvolver uma esta??o meteorol?gica capaz de mensurar os par?metros investigados de forma representativa no contexto urbano. Dos m?todos existentes para classifica??o de s?tios urbanos, utilizamos Zonas de Climas Locais proposto por Stewart e Oke em um universo de trinta e cinco s?tios espalhados pela cidade de Feira de Santana. O procedimento foi realizado em tr?s etapas onde primeiramente foram coletados dados de temperatura e umidade utilizando a plataforma Arduino; al?m de observar e avaliar arboriza??o, constru??es (tipos, altura, espa?amento e material), tipos de superf?cie, largura das ruas, tr?fego de ve?culos e atividade humana. Adotamos como par?metro um raio de 500m para ?rea de fonte t?rmica. Como resultado, obtivemos a classifica??o dos s?tios e constru?mos duas tabelas e um mapa para expor os dados coletados e observa??es realizadas identificando cada s?tio e sua referida classe. A fim de cumprir a meta de desenvolver uma esta??o adaptada para o ambiente urbano, propomos neste trabalho a organiza??o l?gica de um framework que define a coleta dos dados por esta??es autom?ticas de baixo custo conectadas ? internet, e a visualiza??o desses dados geoespacializados atrav?s do 52? North SOS. Para a constru??o do prot?tipo das esta??es levamos em considera??o a coleta de temperatura e umidade apenas para efeito de demonstra??o do framework, sendo poss?vel a inclus?o de mais tipos de sensores no futuro. O procedimento adotado para a constru??o das esta??es levou em considera??o os crit?rios de exposi??o dos sensores de temperatura e umidade da WMO garantindo que os dados medidos s?o relevantes para o clima urbano. Ao final da aplica??o desta metodologia, alcan?amos um prot?tipo que implementa o framework proposto tamb?m utilizando a plataforma Arduino. Todo c?digo-fonte gerado foi disponibilizado em reposit?rio p?blico sob licen?a de software livre. Analisando as descri??es dos s?tios estudados neste trabalho, percebemos algumas caracter?sticas que comp?em a cidade de Feira de Santana de forma geral. Quanto ? propor??o entre as Zonas de Clima Local elegidas, a classe que melhor representa Feira de Santana ? a compacta de baixa eleva??o (LCZ 3) avaliada em 40% dos locais estudados. Al?m disso a disposi??o espacial das zonas com esta classifica??o ? bem homog?nea no sentido de proximidade e adjac?ncias. Identificamos s?rios problemas de saneamento b?sico que s?o claramente observados na falta de esgotos e escoamento de ?gua. As esta??es de coleta foram originalmente desenvolvidas por n?s seguindo as diretrizes da WMO e Oke, e alcan?amos uma constru??o de baixo custo utilizando hardware aberto.