In this study, development of software, which can analyze and optimize an SRM by accurately calculating its performance, is aimed. Existing methods in the literature are investigated. Some studies for the calculation of performance use 2D field solutions and are known to be accurate / however, using field solutions is not feasible for the optimization purpose. So, a method based on a set of normalized permeance and force data are chosen for prediction of magnetizing characteristics. Selected methods are programmed into the software with a user friendly interface. The results from the software are compared with test results from an existing motor. It is found that the accuracy of the predictions is not acceptable if the effect of end winding leakage flux is not accounted for. An approach is proposed for accounting the end winding leakage. The software is modified accordingly. In this case, the results obtained are found to have good accuracy, compared with measurements. The SR motor design optimization problem is treated as a constrained wieght optimization problem. This problem is converted to an unconstrained optimization problem, by using the Augmented Lagrangian method. To decrease the computation time of some of the performance calculation algorithms, some modifications are made. These are described in the related sections. The derivatives for the optimization process are numerically calculated. The accuracy of the performance calculation is once again verified against test results at this stage. The optimization software is then used to optimize the design of an SR motor for a washing machine application. The results obtained are discussed.

Os recursos destinados ao pagamento dos profissionais de saúde representam a maior parte das despesas dos serviços públicos de saúde. No Brasil, não existem estudos sobre a influência na produtividade exercida pelos recursos auxiliares na área odontológica. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a associação entre mudanças nas taxas de profissionais auxiliares da odontologia e de infraestrutura odontológica nos serviços públicos de saúde com mudanças nas taxas de procedimentos odontológicos entre os anos de 2008/2009 e 2014/2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória do tipo ecológica longitudinal, incluindo todos os 5.570 municípios brasileiros, tendo o ano de 2008 como o ponto inicial e 2015 final. Foram utilizados dados secundários provenientes do DATASUS e do Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano. As variáveis de desfecho foram: procedimentos Grupo 1, constituído pela taxa mensal de procedimentos atribuíveis ao auxiliar em saúde bucal a cada 1000 habitantes, procedimentos do Grupo 2, taxa mensal de procedimentos executáveis pelo técnico em saúde bucal cada 1000 habitantes e procedimentos do Grupo 3, taxa mensal de procedimentos de competência exclusiva do cirurgião-dentista a cada 1000 habitantes. As variáveis de desfecho foram controladas por dados demográficos e socioeconômicos. O aumento da taxa de auxiliar em saúde bucal foi associado ao incremento nos procedimentos do Grupo 2 (OR= 1,40, IC95%: 1,20-1,63) e do Grupo 3 (OR=1,44, IC95%: 1,24-1,67). O acréscimo de técnico em saúde bucal foi relacionado tanto ao aumento quanto a diminuição de procedimentos do Grupo 1 e 2. O aumento da taxa de cadeiras odontológicas esteve associado ao aumento de procedimentos do Grupo 2 (OR=1,18, IC95%: 1,00-1,39). Este estudo possui uma representatividade nacional sobre a influência dos recursos humanos e de infraestrutura em odontologia na produtividade da equipe de saúde bucal. Frente aos resultados, sugere-se a contratação de ASB pelos gestores e profissionais que desejam ampliar a produção dos procedimentos destes dois grupos e também a realização de pesquisas com o intuito de esclarecer o efeito da taxa de TSB na produtividade odontológica. / The resources for the payment of health professionals represent a major part of total expenses of the public health services. Having adequate workforce for each task is very important to avoid over and under utilization of resources and many tasks in Dentistry can be done for auxiliaries. However, in Brazil, there are no study on the influence of dental auxiliaries on dental team productivity. The aim of this paper was to assess association between changes in the rates of dentistry professionals and dental infrastructure in public health services with changes in rates of dental procedures between the years 2008/2009 and 2014/2015. This an exploratory longitudinal ecological, including all 5,570 Brazilian municipalities, with 2008 as the starting point and final 2015. Secondary data from DATASUS and the Atlas of Human Development were collated. The outcome variables were: Group 1 procedures, consisting of the monthly rate of procedures attributable to dental assistant per 1000 inhabitants, Group 2 procedures, monthly rates attributable to dental hygienists per 1000 inhabitants and Group 3 procedures, monthly rates due to procedures exclusive to the Dentist per 1000 inhabitants. Outcome variables were controlled by demographic and socioeconomic data. The increase of dental assistant rate was associated with an increase in Group 2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20-1.63) and Group 3 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24-1.67). The increase in dental hygienists was related both to the increase and decrease in Group 1 and 2 procedures. The increase in the rate of dental chairs was associated with an increase in Group 2 procedures (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1, 00-139). This study has a national representation on the influence of human resources and infrastructure in dentistry on the productivity of the oral health team. In view of the results, it is suggested that dental assistant could be hired by managers and professionals who wish to increase the production of the procedures of these two groups and also to carry out researches in order to clarify the effect of oral health technician rates on dental productivity.

Os recursos destinados ao pagamento dos profissionais de saúde representam a maior parte das despesas dos serviços públicos de saúde. No Brasil, não existem estudos sobre a influência na produtividade exercida pelos recursos auxiliares na área odontológica. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a associação entre mudanças nas taxas de profissionais auxiliares da odontologia e de infraestrutura odontológica nos serviços públicos de saúde com mudanças nas taxas de procedimentos odontológicos entre os anos de 2008/2009 e 2014/2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória do tipo ecológica longitudinal, incluindo todos os 5.570 municípios brasileiros, tendo o ano de 2008 como o ponto inicial e 2015 final. Foram utilizados dados secundários provenientes do DATASUS e do Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano. As variáveis de desfecho foram: procedimentos Grupo 1, constituído pela taxa mensal de procedimentos atribuíveis ao auxiliar em saúde bucal a cada 1000 habitantes, procedimentos do Grupo 2, taxa mensal de procedimentos executáveis pelo técnico em saúde bucal cada 1000 habitantes e procedimentos do Grupo 3, taxa mensal de procedimentos de competência exclusiva do cirurgião-dentista a cada 1000 habitantes. As variáveis de desfecho foram controladas por dados demográficos e socioeconômicos. O aumento da taxa de auxiliar em saúde bucal foi associado ao incremento nos procedimentos do Grupo 2 (OR= 1,40, IC95%: 1,20-1,63) e do Grupo 3 (OR=1,44, IC95%: 1,24-1,67). O acréscimo de técnico em saúde bucal foi relacionado tanto ao aumento quanto a diminuição de procedimentos do Grupo 1 e 2. O aumento da taxa de cadeiras odontológicas esteve associado ao aumento de procedimentos do Grupo 2 (OR=1,18, IC95%: 1,00-1,39). Este estudo possui uma representatividade nacional sobre a influência dos recursos humanos e de infraestrutura em odontologia na produtividade da equipe de saúde bucal. Frente aos resultados, sugere-se a contratação de ASB pelos gestores e profissionais que desejam ampliar a produção dos procedimentos destes dois grupos e também a realização de pesquisas com o intuito de esclarecer o efeito da taxa de TSB na produtividade odontológica. / The resources for the payment of health professionals represent a major part of total expenses of the public health services. Having adequate workforce for each task is very important to avoid over and under utilization of resources and many tasks in Dentistry can be done for auxiliaries. However, in Brazil, there are no study on the influence of dental auxiliaries on dental team productivity. The aim of this paper was to assess association between changes in the rates of dentistry professionals and dental infrastructure in public health services with changes in rates of dental procedures between the years 2008/2009 and 2014/2015. This an exploratory longitudinal ecological, including all 5,570 Brazilian municipalities, with 2008 as the starting point and final 2015. Secondary data from DATASUS and the Atlas of Human Development were collated. The outcome variables were: Group 1 procedures, consisting of the monthly rate of procedures attributable to dental assistant per 1000 inhabitants, Group 2 procedures, monthly rates attributable to dental hygienists per 1000 inhabitants and Group 3 procedures, monthly rates due to procedures exclusive to the Dentist per 1000 inhabitants. Outcome variables were controlled by demographic and socioeconomic data. The increase of dental assistant rate was associated with an increase in Group 2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20-1.63) and Group 3 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24-1.67). The increase in dental hygienists was related both to the increase and decrease in Group 1 and 2 procedures. The increase in the rate of dental chairs was associated with an increase in Group 2 procedures (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1, 00-139). This study has a national representation on the influence of human resources and infrastructure in dentistry on the productivity of the oral health team. In view of the results, it is suggested that dental assistant could be hired by managers and professionals who wish to increase the production of the procedures of these two groups and also to carry out researches in order to clarify the effect of oral health technician rates on dental productivity.

Este trabalho tomou como objeto de estudo as transformações ocorridas no trabalho, vida e, especialmente, maneira de pensar e agir das atendentes de enfermagem a partir de sua qualificação como auxiliares pelo Projeto Larga Escala (PLE). Utilizou o trabalho e a qualificação como categorias de análise e teve como objetivo dimensionar as mudanças ocorridas com as atendentes a partir de sua qualificação. Constituíram os sujeitos deste estudo as atendentes que se qualificaram como auxiliares de enfermagem pelo PLE na Administração Regional de Saúde - 5 (da cidade de São Paulo) no período de 1990 a 1992, utilizando histórias de vida como estratégia de captação da realidade. A análise das histórias permitiu reconhecer as possibilidades e limites dos processos de qualificação. Observou-se que a qualificação garantiu às antigas atendentes: a) o acesso a uma posição de melhor remuneração, de promoção a uma categoria profissional e alguns direitos trabalhistas; b) a conquista de alguns direitos como cidadãs, que não se relacionam com a possibilidade de ascensão social; c) mudança no padrão de conhecimento; d) autonomia relativa aos aspectos técnicos da atenção à saúde; e) ganhos na humanização do cuidado. A qualificação parece ter uma força relativa na modificação da qualidade da atenção à saúde, permitindo uma certa compreensão do objeto de trabalho e no domínio das tecnologias utilizadas no processo de trabalho. Não parece constituir-se, no entanto, em força capaz de suscitar transformações no modelo constituído de assistência clínica individual, desvelando assim uma certa fragilidade da apreensão da dimensão política proposta pelo PLE para a qualificação dos profissionais da saúde / This study took as object the transformations occurred in working, living and specially in the thinking and acting way of nursing attendants after their qualification as nursing auxiliaries through the LSP (Large Scale Project). It utilized work and qualification as analytical categories. The aim was to evaluate the dimension of the changes occurred with attendants after de qualification process. Study subjects were attendants who have qualified as auxiliaries through LSP, conducted by the Regional Health Administration – 5 (São Paulo city), during 1990 a 1992. Life histories were used as a methodological tool to apprehend these transformations. The analyses allowed the recognition of both potentialities and limitations of the qualification process. Qualification have guarantied to the attendants: a) access to improved remuneration, promotion to a professional status e some working rights; b) conquer of some citizen rights not directly related with social rising; c) change in knowledge patterns; d) a certain autonomy related to technical aspects of health attention; d) gains in the humanization of care. The qualification process seems to have a relative power to modify the quality of health attention, allowing a certain understanding of the object of the health work and dominating technologies used in the working process. Nevertheless, it does not seems to constitute changes in the individual and clinical model of health assistance, showing a certain fragility to apprehend the political dimension proposed by the LSP to qualify health workers

A pesquisa em questão visou demonstrar as vantagens não só comerciais e técnicas, como também, ecológicas e ocupacionais da utilização do ácido cítrico nas empresas de beneficiamento têxtil, em comparação com o ácido acético, objetivando a implantação de um processo de tingimento mais sustentável, visto que, a exigência dos órgãos fiscalizadores tem crescido nos últimos anos e a busca na redução de custos operacionais e adequações ambientais são de vital importância para a sobrevivência e perpetuação das empresas de beneficiamento têxtil. Foram efetuados testes comparativos de medições de pH, neutralização de banhos alcalinos, comparação teórica de biodegradabilidade e danos à saúde e testes práticos comparativos contra dispersantes de tingimento e sequestrante e por fim os resultados práticos de tingimento em escala laboratorial. Os resultados demonstraram a compatibilidade do ácido cítrico frente ao acético no acerto de pH e neutralização de banhos alcalinos, demonstrado a capacidade do ácido cítrico em dispersar corantes dispersos superior à dispersantes de mercado, e superior poder de complexação frente à outros ácidos e ao Ladiquest 1097, e por fim foi constatado com base em dados teóricos a superioridade do ácido cítrico em comparação ao acético em questões ecológicas, possuindo o ácido cítrico valor de DQO em torno de 30% inferior ao ácido acético e toxicidade em torno de 70% inferior e por fim através dos tingimentos realizados pode-se comprovar a eficácia do ácido cítrico em processos de tingimento de poliéster e poliamida sem haver significativa alteração dos processos com ácido acético. A pesquisa pode demonstrar que a substituição do ácido acético, em processos de tingimento, pelo ácido cítrico é perfeitamente viável e além de trazer redução nos custos de processo na ordem de 12% nos tingimentos de poliéster e 0,76 no tingimento de poliamida, trará benefícios ambientais e ocupacionais às empresas que adotarem esta substituição, fazendo com que o ácido cítrico nas empresas de beneficiamento seja considerado um insumo sustentável. / The research in question aimed to demonstrate the advantages not only commercial and technical, but also environmental and occupational use of citric acid in textile dying companies, compare with acetic acid, aiming at implementing a more sustainable dyeing process, as that the requirement of regulatory agencies has grown in recent years and the search on reducing operating costs and environmental adaptations are of vital importance for the survival and perpetuation of textile dyeing companies. Comparative tests were of measurements of pH, neutralization of alkaline baths, theoretical comparison of biodegradability and damage to health and comparative practice tests against dispersants and sequestering dyeing and finally the practical results of dyeing in laboratory scale. The results demonstrated the compatibility of citric acid compare with acetic in the pH adjustment and neutralization of the alkali bath, demonstrated the ability of citric acid in the dispersing disperse dyes upper market dispersants, and higher power as compared to other complexing acids and Ladiquest 1097 and finally based on the environmental data theoretical superiority of citric acid compared to acetic acid, citric acid having a COD value of approximately 30% lower than the toxicity acetic acid and around 70% lower, and finally by the dyes could prove the efficacy of citric acid in polyester and polyamide dyeing processes with no significant change in the processes with acetic acid. The research may show that the substitution of acetic acid, in dyeing processes, the citric acid is feasible and also brings reduction in process costs in the order of 12% in the dyeing of polyester and 0.76%in the polyamide dyeing, will environmental and occupational benefits to companies that adopt this replacement, causing the citric acid in the processing firms is considered a sustainable feedstock.

Le principal objectif de cette étude est de situer les constructions verbales du wolof dans une perspective typologique. Il s'agit tout d'abord de proposer une description synthétique du système de prédication verbale du wolof dans une perspective typologique, en nous appuyant sur les travaux de référence concernant la conjugaison du wolof. Contrairement à ce que l'on observe dans un très grand nombre de langues, en wolof la majeure partie des catégories grammaticales liées au verbe est exprimée par des constructions périphrastiques. L'analyse typologique de ces constructions périphrastiques nous sert de base empirique pour proposer une nouvelle approche de la notion d'auxiliaire. Nous considérons que, dans une perspective typologique, l'auxiliaire ne doit pas être défini comme une catégorie lexicale spécifique, ni comme une étape dans un chemin de grammaticalisation, mais plutôt comme un élément prédicatif autonome ayant une fonction spécifique. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une analyse constructionnelle de l'organisation du système de prédication verbale du wolof. Nous considérons que les constructions verbales du wolof ne forment pas un ensemble non structuré d'entités indépendantes, mais plutôt un système extrêmement structuré (un réseau de constructions). En outre, nous montrons que certaines idiosyncrasies apparentes dans le paradigme de conjugaison du wolof peuvent s'expliquer à la lumière de la diachronie. Enfin, nous proposons une analyse comparative des constructions verbales des langues atlantiques afin de déterminer ce qui, dans la conjugaison du wolof, est issu du proto-atlantique. / This thesis is a study of Wolof verbal constructions in a typological perspective. Based on available descriptions of Wolof verbal conjugation, I first provide a summary of the system of verbal predication in the light of the typological literature. Contrary to what is observed in many languages, most Wolof verbal categories are expressed periphrastically. The typological analysis of these periphrastic constructions provides us with the empirical basis to propose a new approach to the notion of “auxiliary”. I argue that auxiliaries should not be cross-linguistically defined as items belonging to a specific lexical class or as items on a grammaticalisation path but rather as autonomous predicative elements with a specific function. In addition, I propose a constructional analysis of the organisation of the verbal predication system of Wolof. The entirety of Wolof verbal constructions is not assumed to form an unstructured set of independent entities, but it is instead taken to constitute a highly structured system (a network of constructions). Furthermore, some apparent idiosyncrasies in the conjugation paradigm of Wolof can be explained from a diachronic point of view. Finally, I provide a comparative analysis of verbal constructions in Atlantic languages in order to determine which elements of the Wolof conjugation are inherited from Proto-Atlantic.

No description available.

This thesis explores the connection between linguistic theory, as embodied in a version of the Government - Binding (GB) model of syntax, and the parameter-setting theory of language acquisition. In Chapter 2, it is argued that by incorporating the criterion of epistemological priority, syntactic theory can move closer towards becoming a plausible model of language acquisition. A version of GB theory is developed which adopts this criterion, leading to several modifications, including the derivation of X-bar theory from more "primitive" grammatical sub-components, and a revision of the Projection Principle. This model is converted into a procedure for phrase-structure acquisition, employing sets of Canonical Government Configurations and Percolation Principles to map Case- and θ-relations onto phrase-structure trees. The chapter ends with a discussion of the "missing-subject" stage in the acquisition of English. Chapter 3 concerns auxiliaries. It is argued that parametric variation in auxiliary systems can be reduced to levels of association between INFL and V. The question of irregularity is dealt with through the Designation Convention of Emonds (1985), which makes a distinction between open- and closed- class grammatical elements, and a Parallel Distributed Processing model of learning. The last part of the chapter investigates the learning of the English auxiliary system, and in particular the errors known as "auxiliary overmarking". Chapter 4 investigates the syntax of Subject Auxiliary Inversion (SAI)-type rules. An account of inversion is developed based on the theory of predication, in which inversion-inducing elements are treated as "A'-type" subjects which must be linked to AGR in order to satisfy conditions on Predicate-licensing. A parametrization is developed based on the cross-linguistic examination of SAI-type rules. Chapter 5 concerns the acquisition of SAI. It is argued that there are no invariant "stages" in the development of inversion; rather, a proportion of children misanalyze (WH + contracted auxiliary) sequences as (WH + AGR-clitic) sequences and formulate grammars in which SAI is unnecessary. A "two-tiered" theory of syntactic acquisition is proposed to account for the observed developmental patterns. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate

Während der bisherigen Verbrauchsoptimierung konventioneller Nutzfahrzeuge lag der Fokus verstärkt auf der Reduktion des Energiebedarfs für die Traktionsaufgabe. Dieser zielte vor allem auf die Verbesserung der Effizienz des Antriebstrangs. Einen bisher wenig betrachteten Ansatz bietet auch die Optimierung des Energiebedarfs der Nebenaggregate. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Optimierung der Betriebsstrategien verschiedener Nebenaggregate am Beispiel typischer 12 m und 18 m Stadtbusse. Dabei waren folgende Randbedingungen zu erfüllen: • Die entwickelten Strategien sollten auf aktuellen Fahrzeugsteuergeräten umgesetzt werden können. • Am Fahrzeug sollten möglichst geringe technische Änderungen vorgenommen werden. • Es sollte kein hybrider Ansatz mit verändertem Antriebstrang oder zusätzlichen elektrischen Maschinen verfolgt werden. Basis für alle durchgeführten Optimierungsaufgaben bildete ein Multi-Domänen-Fahrzeugmodell, in dem neben dem konventionellen Antriebsstrang alle betrachteten Nebenaggregatesysteme inklusive derer Steuerung physikalisch modelliert integriert sind. Ausgehend von gemessenen und nachsimulierten realen Fahrprofilen liefert dieses Gesamtfahrzeugmodell die zeitlichen Verläufe der Verbrennungsmotorbetriebspunkte und den Energiebedarf der verschiedenen Nebenaggregatesysteme. Für diese Systeme wurden im Anschluss mit Hilfe der Dynamischen Programmierung nach Bellmann optimale Steuersequenzen berechnet. Diese legten unter dem Gesichtspunkt minimalen Kraftstoffeinsatzes unter anderem die Ein- und Ausschaltzeitpunkte sowie die Betriebspunkte des Kompressors, der Lichtmaschinen sowie des Hauptlüfters fest. Die resultierenden Steuergesetze bilden, mathematisch bewiesen, das absolute Optimum, deren dazugehöriger Kraftstoffverbrauch nicht mehr unterboten werden kann und dienen somit als Referenz. Da diese Methodik mit sehr rechenaufwendigen Algorithmen aktuell nicht echtzeitfähig in ein Fahrzeugsteuergerät implementiert werden kann, wurden aus dem optimalen Systemverhalten verschiedene heuristische Regeln abgeleitet, die dann anhand der Referenz bewertet und gegebenenfalls noch verbessert werden konnten. So entstanden implementierbare heuristische Regeln die auf allen analysierten Linien weit über 90 % des maximal möglichen Einsparpotentials ausschöpften.:Inhalt 1 Einleitung 1.1 Zielsetzung und Randbedingungen 2 Stand der Technik / Grundlagen 2.1 Physikalische Modellierung 2.2 Signalbasierte Modellierung 2.3 Einbettung von Modellen mit C-Code in Simulink 2.4 Ereignisdiskrete Zustandsautomaten 2.5 Methoden der Optimierung 2.6 Erläuterungen zur Dynamischen Programmierung 3 Entwicklung des Gesamtfahrzeugmodells 3.1 Erfassung von repräsentativen Fahrzyklen 3.2 Modell des Antriebstrangs 3.3 Fahrzeugchassis 3.4 Fahrermodell / Geschwindigkeits- und Gangwahl 3.5 Entwicklung der Nebenaggregatmodelle 3.7 Nicht betrachtete Nebenaggregate 4 Anwendung der Optimierung und Ableitung heuristischer Betriebsstrategien 4.1 Optimierung von Systemen mit Speicherverhalten 4.2 Adaption des gewählten Algorithmus an das Druckluftsystem 4.3 Adaption des Algorithmus an das elektrische Bordnetz 4.4 Adaption des Algorithmus an das Kühlsystem des Fahrzeugs 4.5 Betriebsstrategien für Systeme ohne Speicherverhalten 4.6 Angepasstes Antriebskonzept für Nebenaggregate im Modell 5 Ergebnisse 5.1 Plausibilitätsanalyse und Validierung des Modells 5.2 Anwendung der Prozesskette für die Entwicklung heuristischer Betriebsstrategien für Nebenaggregate 5.3 Simulationen mit optimierten Betriebsstrategien 5.4 Allgemeine Ergebnisse 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6.1 Zusammenfassung 6.2 Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis

Reliable, efficient and cost-effective energy supply is crucial for economic and social development. Mining and industrial sectors consumed close to 37% of the total energy produced in the world during 2013. The South African power network is strained by the rapid expansion of mining, industrial and public sectors. Generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy are in progress, but supply will not meet demand in the near future. The South African electricity supplier needs capital for expansion. Electricity price increases have been significantly higher than increases in the gold price over the last few years. Mining companies are under pressure from government to improve their labour relations. They are obligated to spend money on local infrastructure development. Therefore, cost efficiency receives higher priority than ever before and requires an implementation strategy. Cooling systems on mines proved to be significant electricity consumers. These systems lack integrated management and efficient and optimised control. Electricity demand can be reduced through implementation of energy saving measures on these cooling systems. Energy saving measures reduce the operational costs of mining to ensure that mines stay globally competitive. The identification of long-term challenges for energy saving measures is crucial. Successful implementation of energy saving measures results in improved utilisation and performance of mine cooling systems. These measures must be maintained to ensure a constant positive impact on reduced electrical energy consumption. The electrical energy savings are dependent on external factors, such as ambient conditions. Improved implementation strategies of energy saving measures will prevent deterioration of utilisation and performance of the mine cooling systems. Monitoring and reporting of key performance indicators are crucial. Lack of integrated maintenance can lead to lost opportunities and the deterioration of equipment and machines. The improved implementation strategies in two separate case studies proved sustainable savings of 1.73 MW and 0.66 MW respectively. The electricity cost savings for Mine A and Mine B are R8.8 million and R2.9 million respectively. These savings have been sustained for periods of seventeen and seven months respectively, indicating the value of the study. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015