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The purpose of this descriptive, ex post facto study was to examine possible relationships between demographic, pre-programmatic, and programmatic factors with success in a final Advanced Medical-Surgical nursing course and the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, as well as their predictive abilities. Data were obtained from the academic records of 209 full-time and part-time nursing program graduates who completed an upper-division baccalaureate nursing degree at a mid-Atlantic private urban university. Descriptive and inferential analyses were utilized to discover possible relationships between the two dependent variables and the various independent variables in groupings suggested by Carroll's (1963) model of School Learning. Two models were derived to predict success in the nursing program as evidenced by successful completion of the final Advanced Medical-Surgical nursing course and passing the NCLEX-RN on the first attempt. The first model identified age at entrance to the nursing program and repeating a science course as the two factors that explained approximately 49% of the variance in the Advanced Medical-Surgical course performance. The second model was able to predict 97.2% correctly those graduates who would be successful on the NCLEX-RN, and only identify 43.8% of those candidates likely to fail. The overall classification ability by the model was 89%. Implications for nursing educators are that more attention needs to be given to admission policies/procedures, and that students entering nursing programs require routine standardized evaluation, identification and remediation of nursing content gaps in order to be successful throughout their nursing studies and ultimately on the NCLEX-RN. / Educational Psychology

Introdução: Autonomia é tema recorrente na educação em enfermagem e referida como necessária para florescer a motivação intrínseca. Objetivos: avaliar as evidências de validade da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica EMA, identificar os tipos de motivação dos estudantes, identificar e comparar os tipos de motivação acadêmica em função das variáveis de caracterização da amostra; identificar e interpretar a concepção de autonomia, a escolha pela graduação em enfermagem e a permanência no curso relacionadas aos tipos de motivação. Método: pesquisa de método misto, quantitativa-qualitativa, explanatória sequencial, realizada em instituição de ensino de graduação em enfermagem, com 205 estudantes na etapa quantitativa, por meio da aplicação da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica, e com 31 estudantes na etapa qualitativa, por meio de entrevista individual. Resultados: Acerca da dimensionalidade da escala, os resultados indicaram a extração de três fatores/tipos de motivação: intrínseca, extrínseca e desmotivação. Na descrição dos tipos de motivação, os estudantes apresentaram maior média na motivação extrínseca comparada às médias de motivação intrínseca e desmotivação. Na comparação dos fatores/tipos de motivação com as características da amostra, diferenças significativas foram encontradas no fator desmotivação em função do ano corrente do curso, na satisfação em cursar a graduação e orientação dos elementos citados pelos estudantes para cursar a enfermagem. No fator/tipo motivação extrínseca, diferenças significativas foram encontradas na comparação com a idade. E em relação ao fator/tipo motivação intrínseca diferenças significativas foram encontradas na comparação com ter realizado curso preparatório para vestibular e ter cursado graduação anterior à enfermagem. Nas demais características, sexo, local onde cursou ensino médio, formação prévia em curso técnico, enfermagem como primeira opção e apoio familiar, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas em nenhum dos fatores/tipos de motivação. Os resultados da etapa qualitativa permitiram a construção de cinco categorias: Reflexões sobre o conceito de autonomia, como construção gradativa, como tomada de decisão e referida a partir da prática profissional; Reflexões sobre o exercício da autonomia, vivenciadas na ação prática do estudante, na relação estudante-docente e momentos de ausência de autonomia; Motivação para a escolha da graduação em enfermagem, motivação mais autônoma e motivação extrínseca; Motivação para permanecer na graduação em enfermagem, motivação autônoma, motivação ligada a elementos externos e desmotivação; Estratégias de ensino e autonomia do estudante relacionadas à postura do docente, estratégias que estimulam e as que não estimulam a autonomia do estudante, com construção de quadro comparativo sobre as percepções dos estudantes acerca das estratégias de ensino citadas. Conclusões: O estudo confirmou a estrutura da EMA a partir de três fatores, considerada alternativa parcimoniosa à sua versão original. O perfil dos estudantes é de motivado extrinsecamente e autodeterminado, com baixa média de desmotivação. Algumas diferenças estatísticas entre grupos encontradas demonstrou congruência com o postulado pela teoria. Os estudantes apresentaram concepção de autonomia por meio de experiências vivenciadas na graduação, seja na sua ocorrência positiva ou a partir da ausência de autonomia. A motivação para cursar e permanecer na graduação em enfermagem foi referida tanto acerca de formas mais autônomas como nas formas extrínsecas, além de desmotivação para permanecer no curso. Acerca do apoio à autonomia e estratégias de ensino, os estudantes referiram que a interferência maior se relacionou à postura do docente. / Introduction: Autonomy is a recurring theme in nursing education, being raised as essential for the intrinsic motivation. Objectives: to evaluate the validity of the Academic Motivation Scale (EMA), to identify the types of motivation from the students, to identify and compare the types of academic motivation in relation to the categorizing variables of the sample; Identify and interpret the conception of autonomy, the decision for a nursing undergraduate and the stability in the course related to the types of motivation. Methods: a mixed-method research, quantitative-qualitative, explanatory sequential, carried out in an undergraduate nursing teaching institution, with 205 students in the quantitative stage through the Academic Motivation Scale, and with 31 students in the qualitative stage through individual interviews. Results: Regarding the dimensionality of the scale, the results indicated the extraction of three factors/types of motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic and demotivation. In the description of the types of motivation, the students presented a higher average in the extrinsic motivation compared to the averages of intrinsic motivation and demotivation. In the comparison of factors/types of motivation and characteristics of the sample, significant differences were found in the demotivation factor in function of the current year of the course, in the satisfaction of attending the graduation and in orientation of the elements mentioned by the students to attend the nursing course. In the factor/type extrinsic motivation, significant differences were found when ages were compared. And in relation to the factor/type intrinsic motivation significant differences were found in the comparison of individuals who attended a preparatory course for university and individuals with a previous graduation course. In the other characteristics such as gender, place of high school attendance, previous training in technical course, nursing as a first option and family support, no significant differences were verified in any of the factors/types of motivation. The results of the qualitative step allowed the construction of five categories: Reflections on the concept of autonomy, as gradual construction, as decision making and referenced on the professional practice; Reflections on the exercise of autonomy, experienced in the student\'s practical settings, student-teacher relationship and moments of absence of autonomy; Motivation for selecting the nursing graduation course, autonomous motivation and extrinsic motivation; Motivation to remain in the nursing graduation course, autonomous motivation, motivation linked to external elements and demotivation; Education strategies and student autonomy related to the teacher\'s attitude, strategies that stimulate and those that do not stimulate the student\'s autonomy, with the construction of a comparative table around students\' perceptions about the teaching strategies named. Conclusions: The study confirmed the EMA structure based on three factors, considered a parsimonious alternative to its original version. The students\' profile is extrinsically motivated and self-determined, with a low average of demotivation. Some statistical differences between groups found to be congruent with theory. The students presented a conception of autonomy based on experiences undertaken in the course, either in its positive occurrence or from the absence of autonomy. The motivation to attend and the motivation to continue in the nursing graduation was referred as much about autonomous forms as in the extrinsic forms, besides the demotivation are related to remain in the course. Regarding support for autonomy and teaching strategies, students reported that the major interference was related to the teacher\'s support.

A dor está presente na vida de crianças que passam pelo processo de hospitalização e, embora existam meios para o seu tratamento, muitas continuam vivenciando-a desnecessariamente. O enfermeiro por estar em contato direto com esses pacientes, deve realizar a avaliação e estabelecer tratamentos adequados, compreendendo o fenômeno doloroso em suas múltiplas dimensões, pessoais, culturais e sociais. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo são identificar os conhecimentos dos estudantes de enfermagem e dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo da dor pediátrica e os significados atribuídos à dor pediátrica por esses estudantes e enfermeiros à luz do referencial teórico do Social Communication Model of Pain, que explora as características dos pacientes em situações de dor, junto com os indivíduos que os assistem. A abordagem metodológica qualitativa foi adotada e a Análise Temática Híbrida foi utilizada como referencial metodológico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis estudantes da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP) que estavam realizando o estágio curricular no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (HUUSP) nas seguintes áreas: unidade de internação pediátrica, pronto socorro pediátrico e berçário, e com seis enfermeiras egressas dessa Escola, que trabalhavam em instituições nas áreas de neonatologia e pediatria. A análise dos dados permitiu a identificação de três temas e nove sub-temas: Experiência de dor: subjetividade, sentimentos e prejuízos; Avaliação do cuidado: capacitação, conhecimento e escuta; e Conhecimento sobre a dor: conteúdo, interesse pelo tema e busca pelo conhecimento. Os resultados possibilitaram uma compreensão ampliada da experiência dolorosa, revelando questões importantes quanto ao caráter subjetivo e individual da dor, além de destacar as alterações e prejuízos na rotina dos indivíduos que a sentem. Quanto ao cuidado realizado pelos enfermeiros diante da avaliação e do manejo da dor, evidenciou-se a necessidade de oferecer-lhes capacitação, haver comprometimento no manejo da dor da criança e, sobretudo, ouvir seus próprios relatos acerca da experiência dolorosa. Quanto aos conhecimentos relacionados ao ensino do tema, a formação do enfermeiro quanto ao manejo e avaliação da dor pediátrica está relacionada com os conteúdos transmitidos durante o curso de graduação, com a importância atribuída ao tema pelos docentes e pela própria constituição da grade curricular. / Pain is present in the lives of children who go through the hospitalization process and while there are ways to treat it, many of them still living it unnecessarily. Nurses for being directly in contact with these patients, should carry out the assessment and establish appropriate treatments, including the painful phenomenon in its various dimensions, personal, cultural and social. In view of this, the objectives of this study are to identify the knowledge of nursing students and nurses about pediatric pain management and the meanings attributed to pediatric pain for these students and nurses in the light of the theoretical framework of Social Communication Model of Pain, which explores the characteristics of patients in situations of pain, along with individuals who assist them. The qualitative approach was adopted and Hybrid Thematic Analysis was used as a methodological framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six nursing students from the School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo (EEUSP) who were on internship at the University Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo (HUUSP) in the following areas: pediatric inpatient, pediatric emergency and baby nursery and with six egresses of this school who worked at institutions in the areas of neonatology and pediatrics. Data analysis enable the identification of three themes and nine sub-themes: Experience of pain: subjectivity, feelings and prejudices; Care evaluation: training, knowledge and listening; and Knowledge about pain: content, interest in the topic and search for knowledge. The results allowed an expanded understanding of the painful experience revealing important questions about the subjective and individual nature of pain, while also highlighting the changes and losses in the routine of individuals who feel it. Regarding care provided by the nurses on the assessment and management of pain, it highlighted the need to offer them training, of having commitment in the management of pain in children, and especially to hear their own stories about the painful experience. With regard to knowledge related to teaching the subject, the education of nurses regarding the management and assessment of pediatric pain is related with the content broadcast during the undergraduate course, with the importance given to the subject by professors and by the constitution of the curriculum.

O maior enfoque na graduação de enfermagem continua sendo na capacidade de reter as informações que surgem no dia-a-dia, especialmente de caráter técnico e procedimental. Para promover a formação de um profissional autônomo, crítico e reflexivo, é preciso que sejam também desenvolvidos conteúdos de natureza atitudinal e relacional. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar o ensino dos conteúdos atitudinais ministrado por docentes de uma instituição pública na formação inicial do enfermeiro. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, de natureza qualitativa realizada na Escola de Enfermagem da USP (EEUSP), com docentes envolvidos no ensino de graduação em Enfermagem e que participam do Grupo de Apoio Pedagógico (GAP). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada utilizando-se um roteiro composto de uma parte de caracterização geral e outra de questões relacionadas ao ensino destes conteúdos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Participaram da pesquisa nove docentes que apontaram que os conteúdos atitudinais são entendidos como valores, comportamentos e posturas, porém com dificuldade em identificá-los nos conteúdos programáticos das disciplinas, pois estão diluídos nos conteúdos factuais e procedimentais, além de serem pouco valorizados no ensino de graduação. Os conteúdos atitudinais são trabalhados por iniciativa individual dos docentes que utilizam diferentes estratégias, em sala de aula ou em campo de prática. No processo de ensino, os docentes identificaram possibilidades e limites relacionados à instituição, aos docentes e aos estudantes. A grande dificuldade consiste na avaliação dos conteúdos atitudinais e há necessidade de instrumentos que direcionem a avaliação do docente para os conteúdos. Tendo em vista que a EEUSP é referência no ensino de Enfermagem e o tema abordado nesta pesquisa é ainda pouco investigado, é necessário o desenvolvimento de novas investigações nesta temática, pela sua importância e complexidade / The nursing graduation most important focus still remais on the capacity of retaining information that arises on a daily basis, specialy when it comes to its technical and procedural ones. To promote the formation of a critical and reflective professional, it is demanding that contents of attitudinal and relational nature are also developed. The general objective of this study is investigating the attitudinal contents taught by professors at a nurse graduation course at a public institution. It is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research held at Escola de Enfermagem da USP (EEUSP) - Nursing School of the University of São Paulo, whith professors involved in teaching undergraduate nursing and participating in the Pedagogical Support Group (GAP - Grupo de Apoio Pedagógico).The data has been collected through semi-structured interview using a script composed by a part of general characterization and other with issues related to the teaching of these contents.The data has been annalized using Bardin\'s content analisys. The nine professors who participated in this research indicated that the attidudinal contents are understood as values, behaviors and attitudes, but they are very difficult to be identified in the disciplines programs because they are diluted in the factual and procedural contents. Their value is also not very well recognized on graduation teaching. The attitudinal contents are brought to light by the professors\' individual initiative and different strategies are used in the classroom or in the fieldwork. In the teaching process the professors identified the possibilities and limitations related to the institution, the professors and the students. The major dificulty is the evaluation of the attitudinal contents and there is also the need of instruments capable to lead the professors\' evaluation to them. Considering that EEUSP is the reference on nursing graduation in Brazil and the addressed issue is still poorly investigated, and because of its importance and complexity, it is necessary to develop new research on this topic

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-03-07T16:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariananlopesdearaujo_dissert.pdf: 918657 bytes, checksum: aa4b4b46bbda4240efc4940e1d8cbc86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T16:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariananlopesdearaujo_dissert.pdf: 918657 bytes, checksum: aa4b4b46bbda4240efc4940e1d8cbc86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Introduction: Patient safety is a concern of health professionals, particularly nursing, as the professional care, which is closest to the patient and performs procedures, being more susceptible to preventable errors and irreversible damage. Objectives: To identify the knowledge on the subject patient safety, disciplines, teaching-learning strategies and beliefs of students and teachers in the development of this subject in undergraduate nursing courses. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with the first part of the research being carried out with 167 students of third and fourth years, through a questionnaire, which consisted of two parts: the first was to characterize the subjects, and the second part contained issues related to patient safety setting according to the WHO, subjects related to this content, and evaluation of strategies, first contact with the patient in clinical practice and before that contact received theoretical and laboratory support, if witnessed some adverse event during the course and feel safe to perform the techniques and procedures inherent to the profession. The second survey was conducted with 51 nursing teachers, through a questionnaire, which included the characterization of the subject and issues related to patient safety setting according to the WHO, subjects presenting that content and strategies used in the teaching-learning process and they have caused some adverse event during working life. It was also found in both questionnaires the knowledge of each of the 10 steps to patient safety described in 2010. COREn the primer For inferential analysis of quantitative variables we used the Student's t test. As for comparisons of frequencies, involving the nominal qualitative variables, we used chi-square test. Results: In the first study between the two institutions the students said they knew the subject, but less than 40% got the patient's security setting, with significant differences between institutions and more than 60% missed the concept of each of the 10 steps for security, with no significant difference between the institutions. In the second study, there was disagreement as to the knowledge of the concepts, teaching strategies and experience of teachers, with the highest number of hits in a private institution. In both studies, the majority says he knows the subject, but missed the definition and measures of good practice in each of the 10 steps of Coren's playbook. Conclusions: It was found the absence of specific discipline and insufficient knowledge about this subject matter on the part of teachers and students, therefore, this study helped foster the need to subject the inclusion in nursing undergraduate courses in order to improve the training of nurse. / Introdução: A segurança do paciente é uma preocupação dos profissionais de saúde, principalmente da enfermagem, por ser o profissional do cuidado, que fica mais próximo ao paciente e realiza procedimentos, estando mais susceptível a erros evitáveis e riscos irreversíveis. Objetivos: identificar o conhecimento sobre o tema segurança do paciente, disciplinas, estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem e opinião dos estudantes e docentes quanto ao desenvolvimento deste tema em cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, com a primeira parte da pesquisa sendo realizado com 167 estudantes do terceiro e quarto anos, por meio de um questionário, que constava de duas partes: a primeira era caracterização dos sujeitos, e a segunda parte continha questões relacionadas à definição de segurança do paciente de acordo com a OMS, disciplinas que contemplavam este conteúdo, e avaliação das estratégias, primeiro contato com paciente em prática clínica e se antes desse contato receberam suporte teórico e laboratorial, se presenciaram algum evento adverso durante o curso e se sentem seguros para realizar as técnicas e procedimentos inerentes à profissão. A segunda pesquisa foi realizada com 51 docentes enfermeiros, por meio de um questionário, que contemplava as caracterizações do sujeito e questões relacionadas à definição de segurança do paciente de acordo com a OMS, disciplinas que apresentavam esse conteúdo e estratégias utilizadas no processo ensino-aprendizagem e se já causaram algum evento adverso durante a vida profissional. Também foi verificado em ambos os questionários o conhecimento de cada um dos 10 passos para a segurança do paciente descritos na cartilha do COREn de 2010. Para análise inferencial das variáveis quantitativas foi utilizado o Teste T de Student. Já para as comparações de frequências, envolvendo as variáveis qualitativas nominais, foi utilizado Teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: No primeiro estudo entre as duas instituições os estudantes afirmaram conhecer o tema, porém, menos de 40% acertaram a definição de segurança do paciente, com diferença significativa entre as instituições e mais de 60% erraram o conceito de cada um dos 10 passos para segurança, sem diferença significativa entre as instituições. No segundo estudo houve divergências quanto ao conhecimento dos conceitos, as estratégias de ensino e experiência dos docentes, com maior número de acertos na instituição privada. Em ambos os estudos, a maioria diz que conhece o tema, mas não acertou a definição e as medidas de boas práticas em cada um dos 10 passos da cartilha do Coren. Conclusões: Constatou-se ausência de disciplina específica e conhecimento insuficiente em relação à temática por parte dos docentes e estudantes, portanto, este estudo contribuiu para fomentar a necessidade de inclusão do tema em cursos de graduação em enfermagem, a fim de melhorar a formação do enfermeiro.

The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program [IB PYP] is a student-driven, inquiry-based elementary school level educational program that has grown rapidly in the United States since its creation in 1997. This study explores how IB PYP art teachers define and implement inquiry-based instructional methods in their art rooms through a nation-wide, online survey of art teachers, coordinators, and administrators. The Survey consists of 22 questions which ask respondents to describe their classroom practices and provide examples of how they make use of inquiry-based methods in the art room. The responses to this survey were then value coded for four different phases of inquiry and three degrees of student-centeredness to analyze understandings of these practices. This study concludes that conceptions of these instructional methods vary greatly in occasionally contradictory ways. There is need for more robust lesson plans examples and increased frequency and access to subject specific training, in both physical and online settings.

The International Baccalaureate (IB) standards recognize reflection as an integral part of the framework and the fabric of the Primary Years Programme school, as it is embedded in the foundational standards and practices of the inquiry-based IB teaching model. However, teachers in an IB Primary Years Programme school located in the southeast United States struggled with being reflective practitioners. Guided by John Dewey's reflective thought, the purpose of this bounded qualitative exploratory case study was to examine teacher perceptions of reflection practices in an IB Primary Years Programme school. Research questions were drafted to ask about teachers' perceptions of their reflective practices, how teachers' perceived reflective practices aligned with IB's teaching model, and beliefs about the school-based support and resources teachers needed to implement reflective practices. The selection criteria included teachers with at least 2 years of teaching experience who had been to at least 1 outside IB training. Ten teachers, chosen through purposeful sampling, completed a 2-week reflective journal and participated in a semistructured interview. Based on the open-coding and inductive analysis patterns emerged, leading to themes; including lesson reflections, planning, time, and training. Based on the findings, a project, a white paper, includes recommendations to address the teachers' perceptions of reflective practices that will be presented to the school as well as the district. This improved instructional change may provide positive social change in the culture of reflection for teachers and help them and to better differentiate instruction for students.

This research used case study methodology with both qualitative and quantitative research tools to examine the transfer of learning from the classroom to the cooperative education workplace and the relationship of students’ learning styles to this transfer of learning in a Bachelor of Applied Business program at a large comprehensive College of Applied Arts and Technology in Ontario. Kolb’s experiential learning theory was used as the conceptual framework. A purposive convenience sample of six students (28.6%) who had completed the second of three cooperative education work terms in the program participated and completed all components of the study. The research findings led to six conclusions: 1. Foundation skills learned in the classroom, such as communication and technical skills, and in this case general business concepts, are used in all of the cooperative education workplace experiences in this study. 2. The co-op work term experience itself, including the workplace environment and culture, is more important than the student’s learning style in explaining the learning from the classroom that a student is able to transfer to the co-op workplace. 3. Co-op experiences may not challenge students to the level they may be capable of with respect to what they have learned in class. 4. A co-op work term learning plan, opportunity to use previous learning, and a supportive co-op environment are important for students to be able to transfer their learning from the classroom to the cooperative education workplace experience. 5. Perceived barriers to transfer of learning can also provide the opportunity for learning experiences. 6. The program curriculum design plays a role in enabling transfer of learning. Several recommendations related to implications for practice were also identified. These included the need to reinforce the importance of communication and technical skills with students, providing a variety of learning experiences, designing curriculum to link classroom learning with the co-op experience, selecting co-op experiences so as to ensure alignment between the students’ knowledge and abilities and the opportunities available, providing formal orientation and training to cooperative education employer supervisors, and aligning the work term learning plan with the program curriculum.

This research used case study methodology with both qualitative and quantitative research tools to examine the transfer of learning from the classroom to the cooperative education workplace and the relationship of students’ learning styles to this transfer of learning in a Bachelor of Applied Business program at a large comprehensive College of Applied Arts and Technology in Ontario. Kolb’s experiential learning theory was used as the conceptual framework. A purposive convenience sample of six students (28.6%) who had completed the second of three cooperative education work terms in the program participated and completed all components of the study. The research findings led to six conclusions: 1. Foundation skills learned in the classroom, such as communication and technical skills, and in this case general business concepts, are used in all of the cooperative education workplace experiences in this study. 2. The co-op work term experience itself, including the workplace environment and culture, is more important than the student’s learning style in explaining the learning from the classroom that a student is able to transfer to the co-op workplace. 3. Co-op experiences may not challenge students to the level they may be capable of with respect to what they have learned in class. 4. A co-op work term learning plan, opportunity to use previous learning, and a supportive co-op environment are important for students to be able to transfer their learning from the classroom to the cooperative education workplace experience. 5. Perceived barriers to transfer of learning can also provide the opportunity for learning experiences. 6. The program curriculum design plays a role in enabling transfer of learning. Several recommendations related to implications for practice were also identified. These included the need to reinforce the importance of communication and technical skills with students, providing a variety of learning experiences, designing curriculum to link classroom learning with the co-op experience, selecting co-op experiences so as to ensure alignment between the students’ knowledge and abilities and the opportunities available, providing formal orientation and training to cooperative education employer supervisors, and aligning the work term learning plan with the program curriculum.