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Ruminal degradability of starch is an important indicator of utilization of starch by rumen microflora. Indicates the ratio between starch, which is fermented in the rumen, and starch, that escapes ruminal digestion. Determination of rumen degradability of starch is important not only in terms of performance and health of dairy cows, but also in terms of economy of farming. Corn starch, compared to other starch rom cereals, has lower rumen degradability, which is a prerequisite for efficient use of animals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of silage inoculants on the quality of the fermentation process, the chemical composition of silage and level of rumen degradability of starch in model silage from mechanically treated corn grain. Ruminal starch degradability was determined by in sacco method. Treatment of matter by silage additives had statistically significant effect neither on the chemical composition, nor on ruminal degradability of starch. In the evaluation of the fermentation process was at application of silage inoculant found statistically significant effect (P <0,05) on dry matter content , pH , content of ammonia , acetic acid , the ratio of lactic acid and acetic acid and ethanol. For silage treated with inoculant was statistically significant higher solids content ( 695,36 +- 2,342 g/kg) and a statistically significant lower pH ( 3,99 +- 0,002) compared to control. Neither in acidity of water extract nor in the content of preserving lactic acid, was found statistically significant difference. For the inoculated silage was found statistically significantly lower content of acetic acid (4,10 +- 0,157 g/kg DM). The content of propionic acid and undesirable butyric acid was for any silage found. In overall content of fermentation acids was no statistically significant difference. The ammonia content, which represents the decomposition of nitrogenous substances, was in the inoculated silage statistically significantly lower (0,53 +- 0,031 g/kg DM) than in untreated silages and so was statistically significantly lower the content of ethanol (0,94 +- 0,145 g/kg DM). The use of silage inoculant had no statistically significant effect on the acidity of the water extract, lactic acid content and the amount of acids.

The thesis is focused on the comparison of the influence of different types of starters on feed intake, holstein breed calf increments, feed conversion, economy, rumen fluid and blood parameters during calf rearing. After the colostrum period, the calves were divided into 3 groups of 5 individuals, they were fed by dairy feed mixture and various types of starter mixtures. The first group had ČOT – B granular starter (granulated granulated components), the second group received Premiumstart – muesli and the third group got Goldstart – a mixture of granules, corn flakes and cut straw ("straw starter"). In 60 days old they were bled and then killed in a slaughterhouse. After slaughter, the rumen and rumen fluid were collected from the calves for subsequent analyzes. The average starter consumption and feed conversion was the highest in the second group. The average daily increase was relatively balanced in the individual groups. The load per kg increment and the real starter consumed was demonstrably the lowest in the first group. The average pH of rumen fluid was significantly lower in the first group (below 5.5). Propionic acid was relatively high in all calves (up to 15% in the first group, 9% in the second and third groups) and low levels of acetic acid (8% lower). A low number of ciliates was found in all groups, but in the third group level was close to the reference values of adult cattle (119 thousand / ml). In calves received Goldstart starter straw, rumen fermentation values were closest to the physiological rumen environment. In this group of pH, the number of ciliates and the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid corresponded. In terms of rumen papillum development, rumen volume, ammonia, pH, WBC, and ALP levels, Premiumstart – muesli is the most appropriate. The WBC concentration was highest in calves that received muesli starter. The highest glucose levels were observed in calves that received the ČOT – B granulator starter. The highest levels of ALP were found in the calves that received the muesli starter, which can be confirmed by the highest daily gains in these calves. The results obtained give a good idea of the functioning of the individual starter mixtures. However, for practice, it will be necessary to repeat the experiment to confirm some claims.

The thesis objective was to compare the effect of different types of starters on starter intake, growth performance and fermentation in rumen of calves in the period of milk nutrition, and expenses on the starter. The experiment was carried out on Czech Fleckvieh calves (n = 28) housed in outdoor individual boxes and fed by colostrum (until the 5th day of life) or milk compound feed (since the 6th day of life) and starter. The calves were divided into four groups of seven animals each depending on the type of starter they were fed with (A: pelleted starter with oat grains; B: completely pelleted starter, C: textured starter, D: starter with chopped straw). The mean age of calves in each group was determined by their age in the beginning of the experiment and by sex. The experiment lasted in 52nd day of calves age. The mean intake of individual types of starters was relatively balanced thus the differences among groups were statistically insignificant as well as the average daily gain of calves in individual groups. There is substantial evidence that the expenses on consumed starter were the highest in case of the C group. The average rumen fluid pH of most of the calves was oscillating under 6 (with exception of calves in the C group in the first sampling and calves in the D group in the second sampling). In rumen fluid of most calves, quite high levels of propionic acid (over 30% with exception of calves from the D group) and low levels of acetic acid (under 56% with exception of the D group) were measured. Based on the end results of the rumen fluid examination, a disposition to development of subacute ruminal acidosis can be seen in case of calves from groups A, B and C. The pH levels and the levels of propionic acid and acetic acid in rumen fluid of the calves from the D group met the parameters of rumen fluid of healthy animals. Based on the results of the experiment it can be concluded that in terms of health, it is recommendable to opt for the starter with chopped straw, which is the most convenient for the development of rumen fermentation without risk of subacute ruminal acidosis.

PhD. Thesis are structured into two parts - first is comparison of effect of 4 seeds (amaranth, rapeseeds, sunflowerseeds and linseeds) on parametres of rumen fermentation and composition of fatty acids. Seeds were modified by milling, grinding or microwave heating.Findings of their effect on rumen fermentation were compared by control diet without seeds. The second part was specialised on effect of different amount of concentrate and forage in diet on fermentation parametres and amount of fatty acids. Diets were composed by barley and hay and then 3 diets for lactating cows were observed. Experiments were made on RUSITEC, which was apparature simulating environment in rumen of ruminants.

The aim of this dissertation was a representation of chemical composition of herb samples, NDF degradability examination by in sacco method and energy evaluation. Degradability of dry matter was also part of results. During the years 2006 and 2007, twenty-four sampling of pasture herbage from three different farms and six sampling of meadow herbage were realized. The other aim of this study was a monitoring of pasture herbage composition in three farms using the seven-member combination scale abundance and dominance Braun-Blanquet. Chemical composition and high of pasture herbage was also determined. The aim of other study was to determine which of two kinds of dicotyledonous plants- Sanguisorba officinalis and Plantago lanceolata added to a meadow hay in amount of 10 % goats prefer. Seven goats of brown shorthaired and white shorthaired breed were used in four preference tests. The other part of this trial was a monitoring the influence of Plantago lanceolata on goat milk composition. There was 45 % of Plantago lanceolata added in a meadow hay for experimental goats.

Seven clover sampes (Trifolium pratense L.) were collected at three different miters I (n = 3), II (n = 3) and III (n = 1) during the growing season from 10th of May to 17th of August. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition, gross energy (BE) content, in vivo sheep digestibility of organic matter (KS OH) and gross energy (KS BE) and in situ rumen degradability of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The contents of ash, crude protein (NL), crude fibre (CF), NDF, acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and BE were significantly (P < 0,05) affected by the date of cutting time. The averaged values were for ash 119,2 g/kg of dry matter, NL 197,7 g/kg of dry matter, CF 214,1 g/kg of dry matter, NDF 400,7 g/kg of dry matter, ADF 296,2 g/kg of dry matter, ADL 73,8 g/kg of dry matter and BE 18,2 MJ/kg of dry matter. KS OH and KS BE generally decreased with higher dates of cutting time. On average KS OH and KS BE amounted 72,4 % and 70,2 %, respectively. The effective ruminal degradability of organic matter (EDOH) was in average 81,7 % for miter I, 79,7 % for miter II and 75,2 % for miter III. In situ organic matter degradability characteristics were in average 41,9 % for the immediately degradable (soluble) fraction (parameter a), 47,1 % for the potential degradable fraction (parameter b) and 0,105 h-1 for the fractional rate of degradation (parameter c). The effective ruminal degradability of NDF (EDNDF) also generally decreased (P < 0,05) with increasing date of cutting time with values of 63,0 % for miter I, 59,7 % for miter II and 51,6 % for miter III. Strong correlation (P < 0,05) was observed between the EDOH and EDNDF (r = 0,979).