O forehand e o backhand são as técnicas de movimentos mais utilizados no tênis. São golpes técnicos de complexa execução, pois dependem de uma perfeita sincronização temporal entre o movimento da raquete e a trajetória da bola. A literatura especializada demonstra que o posicionamento dos pés é fundamental para gerar potência nestes golpes e registra basicamente dois tipos de forehand quanto ao posicionamento dos pés: forehand open stance (FOS) e forehand square stance (FSS). A técnica de backhand, desde o início da prática da modalidade, apresenta duas maneiras de ser executada: com uma mão (BK1) ou com duas mãos (BK2) segurando o cabo da raquete. Pesquisas científicas específicas nesta modalidade esportiva têm se tornado razoavelmente freqüentes nas últimas duas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características biomecânicas a partir de parâmetros dinâmicos, cinemáticos e eletromiográficos segundo variáveis e músculos relacionados experimentalmente em função da utilização das quatro técnicas descritas acima. Através do conhecimento destas características biomecânicas, pretende-se ainda estabelecer uma relação de dependência quanto às influências no desempenho técnico esportivo. A amostra foi composta por dez indivíduos do sexo masculino, que possuíam domínio das técnicas analisadas. Ao analisarmos os resultados que reúnem as variáveis Biomecânicas estudadas, percebemos que é possível aceitar parcialmente a hipótese inicial de nosso estudo: as técnicas FOS e BK2 demandam maior ativação muscular quando comparadas com as técnicas FSS e BK1, respectivamente. Observando-se ainda os resultados de eletromiografia, verificamos a predominância de valores mais elevados de ativação muscular para as técnicas FOS e BK2 durante a fase pós-impacto, confirmando-se, portanto a hipótese inicial. Porém, durante a fase pré-impacto, os valores mais elevados de ativação muscular foram observados nas técnicas FSS e BK1, contrariando desta maneira a hipótese inicial. Concluímos, portanto, distintos comportamentos entre as duas técnicas de forehand e backhand, principalmente ao analisarmos as fases pré e pós-impacto, o que nos permitiu uma análise técnica detalhada dos gestos esportivos estudados, dada a complexidade estrutural dos mesmos / The forehand and the backhand are the most common movements in tennis. They are technical strokes of complex execution because they depend on perfect temporal synchronization between the racket\'s movement and the ball\'s trajectory. The tennis literature on the subject shows that the feet\'s positioning is crucial to generate power during these strokes. Two kinds of forehand are identified: the forehand open stance (FOS) and the forehand square stance (FSS). The backhand, since its origin, has appeared in two forms: the one-handed grip (BK1) and the two-handed grip (BK2). Scientific research on the subject has been conducted regularly during the two decades. Hence, the aim of this study is to describe the biomechanical characteristics within dynamic, kinematic and electromyographic parameters, and according to variables and experimentally related muscles in relation to the four different tennis techniques. In addition, through knowledge of these biomechanical characteristics, this thesis intends to identify the influences on technical sports performance. The sample was composed of males (n=10) that have mastery of the forehand and backhand strokes. After analyzing the results that evolve Biomechanics variables studied, we realized that it\'s possible to partially accept the initial hypothesis of our study: the forehand open stance and backhand strokes with both hands demand greater muscle activation when they are compared with forehand square stance and backhand stoke with just one hand, respectively. Still, observing the results of electromyography, we verified the predominance of the highest values of muscle activation for forehand open stance and backhand strokes with both hands during the post-impact phase, it\'s, thus, confirming the initial hypothesis. However, during the pre-impact phase, the highest values of muscle activation were observed in the forehand square stance and backhand strokes with one hand, counteracting, in this way, the initial hypothesis. We concluded, therefore, distinct behaviors between the two forehand and backhand strokes, mainly to analyze the pre and post-impact phase, which allowed us a detailed technical analysis of the sportive gestures studied, owing to its structural complexity

O forehand e o backhand são as técnicas de movimentos mais utilizados no tênis. São golpes técnicos de complexa execução, pois dependem de uma perfeita sincronização temporal entre o movimento da raquete e a trajetória da bola. A literatura especializada demonstra que o posicionamento dos pés é fundamental para gerar potência nestes golpes e registra basicamente dois tipos de forehand quanto ao posicionamento dos pés: forehand open stance (FOS) e forehand square stance (FSS). A técnica de backhand, desde o início da prática da modalidade, apresenta duas maneiras de ser executada: com uma mão (BK1) ou com duas mãos (BK2) segurando o cabo da raquete. Pesquisas científicas específicas nesta modalidade esportiva têm se tornado razoavelmente freqüentes nas últimas duas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características biomecânicas a partir de parâmetros dinâmicos, cinemáticos e eletromiográficos segundo variáveis e músculos relacionados experimentalmente em função da utilização das quatro técnicas descritas acima. Através do conhecimento destas características biomecânicas, pretende-se ainda estabelecer uma relação de dependência quanto às influências no desempenho técnico esportivo. A amostra foi composta por dez indivíduos do sexo masculino, que possuíam domínio das técnicas analisadas. Ao analisarmos os resultados que reúnem as variáveis Biomecânicas estudadas, percebemos que é possível aceitar parcialmente a hipótese inicial de nosso estudo: as técnicas FOS e BK2 demandam maior ativação muscular quando comparadas com as técnicas FSS e BK1, respectivamente. Observando-se ainda os resultados de eletromiografia, verificamos a predominância de valores mais elevados de ativação muscular para as técnicas FOS e BK2 durante a fase pós-impacto, confirmando-se, portanto a hipótese inicial. Porém, durante a fase pré-impacto, os valores mais elevados de ativação muscular foram observados nas técnicas FSS e BK1, contrariando desta maneira a hipótese inicial. Concluímos, portanto, distintos comportamentos entre as duas técnicas de forehand e backhand, principalmente ao analisarmos as fases pré e pós-impacto, o que nos permitiu uma análise técnica detalhada dos gestos esportivos estudados, dada a complexidade estrutural dos mesmos / The forehand and the backhand are the most common movements in tennis. They are technical strokes of complex execution because they depend on perfect temporal synchronization between the racket\'s movement and the ball\'s trajectory. The tennis literature on the subject shows that the feet\'s positioning is crucial to generate power during these strokes. Two kinds of forehand are identified: the forehand open stance (FOS) and the forehand square stance (FSS). The backhand, since its origin, has appeared in two forms: the one-handed grip (BK1) and the two-handed grip (BK2). Scientific research on the subject has been conducted regularly during the two decades. Hence, the aim of this study is to describe the biomechanical characteristics within dynamic, kinematic and electromyographic parameters, and according to variables and experimentally related muscles in relation to the four different tennis techniques. In addition, through knowledge of these biomechanical characteristics, this thesis intends to identify the influences on technical sports performance. The sample was composed of males (n=10) that have mastery of the forehand and backhand strokes. After analyzing the results that evolve Biomechanics variables studied, we realized that it\'s possible to partially accept the initial hypothesis of our study: the forehand open stance and backhand strokes with both hands demand greater muscle activation when they are compared with forehand square stance and backhand stoke with just one hand, respectively. Still, observing the results of electromyography, we verified the predominance of the highest values of muscle activation for forehand open stance and backhand strokes with both hands during the post-impact phase, it\'s, thus, confirming the initial hypothesis. However, during the pre-impact phase, the highest values of muscle activation were observed in the forehand square stance and backhand strokes with one hand, counteracting, in this way, the initial hypothesis. We concluded, therefore, distinct behaviors between the two forehand and backhand strokes, mainly to analyze the pre and post-impact phase, which allowed us a detailed technical analysis of the sportive gestures studied, owing to its structural complexity

Title: The influence of physiotherapeutic intervention with Propriomed on postural stability of 11-13 years old tennis players Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is objectivize the influence of physiotherapeutic intervention involving exercise with Propriomed on the success of strokes and speed of the swing phase of 11-13 years old tennis players. Methods: Teoretical part is composed like a recherche in which are informations that make base fot the practical part. For the practical part was made experimental study which contains sample of 17 probands in age between 11-13 that are active tennis players for more than 5 years. Pobands was divided into intervention group and control group. Intervention group had training with Propriomed once a week. Main task of study was analysis of succes rate and speed of the swing phase of different tennis shots before and after physiotherapeutic intervention with Propriomed and comparing results of both groups. Results: In beckhand shot was observed statistically significant difference after finishing first intervention. It is possible to claim that training with Propriomed positively influence precision of the backhand shot in a short term. Proband reached the best results of succes rate of forehands after last measurement. From that we could claim that...