Bacteriophages, regarded today as viruses parasitic on bacteria, are characterized by a number of well-defined properties, one of these being the specificity exhibited by some varieties of phages, not only for a single species of bacteria, but also for certain strains or types of that single species. A practical application of this property has been the use of bacteriophage for the identification or phage typing of certain strains of a given species. Fisk (1942) introduced a method of phage typing of staphylococci which has been successfully used for tracing sources of infection in epidemic outbreaks of staphylococcal enterotoxin food-poisoning and of staphylococcal infections of the skin in babies in maternity hospitals. Although this method is relatively simple and rapid, many strains of staphyloccoi are resistant to the action of the available phages and the absolute specificity of the phage types is questionable. The purpose of this work is to investigate the growth and multiplication requirements and the stability of the staphylococcus bacteriophages now available, and to use anti-bacteriophage sera (prepared by immunizing rabbits with selected phage strains) as a means for recognition of specificity. If the phages could be divided into a few representative groups, it is hoped that by a careful selection of these phages, a simpler method of phage typing applicable in every laboratory may be developed.

Since the advent of improved tissue culture techniques the study of animal viruses has made rapid progress. The effect of a virus infection on the host cells has been studied from many aspects. One aspect is the alteration of the protein synthetic capacities of the infected cells. Many studies have been performed on the proteins of the virus particle such as the antigens and the haemagglutinins, or the proteins of the cells, such as the enzymes used to synthesize the virus particles. Little attention has been paid to the cellular proteins which were not involved in the synthesis of the virus particle. Such a protein is antibody. The following report shows how the metbod was establisbed for the quantitation of antibody produced in vitro. It will examine the effect of Newcastle disease virus on the immunologically competent cells in spleen cell suspensions. [...]

The term "chromogenic mycobacteria" is but one of several commonly used to describe acid-fast bacilli which differ from M. tuberculosis, and which for the past ten years have been isolated from clinical specimens with steadily increasing frequency. Additional terms which have been used in recent scientific literature and which are usually, but not necessarily synonymous with "chromogenic mycobacteria", include: "atypica", "anonymous" , "paratubercle", "unclassified", "nontuberculous acid-fast bacilli", "unidentified mycobacteria", and "MOTT bacilli" (mycobacteria-other-than tubercle-bacilli). The terms "yellow bacilli", "orange bacilli", and "Battey" refer to specific varieties within the general group. The current trend in terminology favors "unclassified" as suggested by the American Thoracic Society (1961), but the American Review of Respiratory Diseases in recent months (1964) has indicated its intention to use only the term "atypical". [...]

The culture filtrates of Lancefield group A, Griffith type 12 nephritogenic streptococci have been shown by Reed and Matheson (1954) to produce renal lesions, urinary abnormalities, and sustalned hypertension in rabbits. The nephrotoxic substance is dialysable and can be salted out from the concentrated dialysate at 60-75% of full saturation with ammonium sulfate. Matheson (1957) has shown that this fraction contains a mixture of polypeptides which are nephrotoxic in rabbits and Rhesus monkeys (Reed and Matheson 1960). The polypeptides have been separated electrophoretically and Cheuk (1960) has found that one polypeptide band contains more nephrotoxic activity than the other observable bands. [...]

The in vitro synthesis of serum proteins or specific antibodies by tissues has been the subject of several investigations (Stavitsky, 1961). Tissue culture fluids have been examined for the presence of serum proteins or antibodies by several methods, many of which have involved the use of radioisotopes. Radioactively labelled omino acids have been added to tissue culture media and subsequently the synthesized label led proteins detected. In other studies, antigens labelled with radioisotopes have been added to tissue culture fluids to detect small amounts of antibody. [...]

Although the first dishwashing machine was patented in 1879 (45), it was quite some time before any interest was shown in the possibility of improperly cleansed eating utensils acting as vectors for the transmission of diseases. [...]

Since the pioneer work of Bruce White (1926) and the adoption of the Kauffmann-White Antigenic Schema in 1934, the number of Salmonella serotypes has increased tremendously. At the time of writing, the number of recognized types is 363. [...]

That all elements which are part of living organisms must be present in their environment, if they shall be in a position to propogate, is axiomatic. However the form in which these elements are useful for the building of cells, differs widely for various organisms. [...]

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