Silo bags are a recently-developed temporary grain storage system that is becoming more widely used in Western Canada without any scientific information about the effect of changing conditions over time on seed quality. The main goal of this study was to examine the conditions that would allow safe storage of canola in these bags in the Canadian Prairie provinces. Canola at three different moisture contents (m.c.) 8.9, 10.5 and 14.4% (wet basis), which represent dry, straight and damp classifications, were stored in silo bags for 40 weeks and seed germination, free fatty acid value (FAV), and moisture content of canola were analysed every 2 weeks along with carbon dioxide concentrations of intergranular air and temperature of canola. For dry grade canola, the germination was maintained above 90%, and FAV stayed within 1.5 times the initial value. However, the germination of damp canola dropped to below 80%, and FAV doubled its initial value within 8 weeks of storage. Another study was conducted for two storage years (2011-12 and 2013-14) to determine the changes in grain quality over time while storing 12% moisture content canola seeds in silo bags. The germination of canola seeds at most parts of the silo bags stayed above a safe level up to the end of the winter season. At the top layer of the silo bags, germination of canola seeds decreased to below 30% and FAV increased more than 2-fold of initial values during summer storage. A polynomial regression model was developed using field data to predict CO2 concentration inside a silo bag with canola. The coefficient of determination of this regression model was 0.76 and had a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.196. The standardized coefficients indicated that initial moisture content was 3.9 times more important than storage temperature for CO2 prediction. Permeability to CO2 and O2 of the silo bag material was determined using a specially designed testing unit and the permeability of silo bag material to CO2 was 21.61 ±1.50×10-6 m3 m d-1m-2atm-1, and for O2 was 1.95 ± 0.36×10-6, m3 m d-1m-2atm-1 at room temperature. / May 2016

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El presente proyecto es una propuesta innovadora de solución para reducir la contaminación ambiental ocasionada por el desecho de las bolsas plásticas de uno solo uso. Con la finalidad, de validar la viabilidad del proyecto se realizó una investigación en fuentes secundarias y primarias donde se identificó en el Perú se consume 3000 millones de bolsas plásticas al año que producen 1 tonelada de CO2 ocasionado problemas de salud y contaminación ambiental. En este sentido, el proyecto propone la creación, fabricación y comercialización de bolsas reutilizables de uso multifuncional, que estarán a la venta en los supermercados y en el canal online. Por consiguiente, los productos están orientados a satisfacer las necesidades del segmento de usuarias que son mujeres 25 a 55 años de edad del NSE A, B y C1 que representan el tamaño de mercado total de 810,973 personas en Lima Metropolitana. Cabe indicar, que el proyecto promete un ingreso anual de S/. 1,028,611 soles en el primer año de operaciones con un crecimiento anual en ventas de 4% a 4.5% para los años siguientes. Por lo tanto, el proyecto es viable y rentable porque el valor actual neto del flujo de caja financiero es S/. 232,043 soles, que es la rentabilidad en unidades monetarias que el proyecto genera para los accionistas y rinde una tasa interna de retorno de 52% mayor al costo de oportunidad del capital. / This project proposes an innovative solution to reduce the environmental pollution caused by single-use plastic bag waste. In order to validate the viability of this project, a study using secondary and primary sources was completed which demonstrated that each year Peru uses 3000 million plastic bags which produces 1 ton of CO2 causing health problems and environmental pollution. Following this, our project proposes the creation, manufacturing and commercialization of reusable and multiuse bags, which will be for sale in supermarkets and online. Our products will be orientated towards satisfying the needs of a segment of users; which are women between 25 to 55 years old in socio-economic levels A, B and C1, which represents a total market size of 810,973 people in Metropolitan Lima. It should be noted that the project promises an annual income of S /. 1,028,611 soles in the first year of operations with annual sales growth of 4% to 4.5% for the following years. Therefore, the project is viable and profitable because the net present value of the financial cash flow is S /. 232,043 soles, which is the return on monetary units that the project generates for shareholders and yields an internal rate of return of 52% higher than the opportunity cost of capital. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of the study was to examine the muscle activities of fifteen male participants (23.44 ±2.63 years) during unilateral hockey bag load carrying of different weights (10%, 20%, and 30% bodyweight) and sizes (small and large). Walking without a hockey bag was the control condition. The results showed that increased peak and integrated EMG occurred with an increased load weight in the semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, rectus abdominis, and vastus medialis. The left rectus femoris and left semitendinosus were both significantly greater than the right corresponding muscle. Carrying the large hockey bag produced greater peak EMG in the right rectus abdominis and the right rectus femoris, whereas the right vastus medialis showed a larger peak EMG in the small hockey bag. It was concluded that the posterior-lateral carrying style of hockey bag load carriage explained the results being similar to both backpack and side pack load carriage studies.

A major problem associated with the development of complex polymeric materials for food contact applications is the potential for migration of toxic substances from the polymer to the food. This thesis investigates the transfer of migrants from non-ovenable food contact materials at elevated temperatures, and several applications where migration has occurred have been identified. Boil in the bag applications lead to exposure times of 30 - 120 minutes for complex multilayer laminates, whilst plastic kettles are repeat exposure items, and plastic 'vacuum flasks' have a potential for up to 4 hours exposure. Analytical techniques including, GC-MS, LC-MS, HPLC and UV spectroscopy have been employed to quantify the species migrating from these food contact materials into aqueous and oil simulants, and to ensure that they conform to the implemented EC restrictions. Olive oil is a stipulated EC fatty food simulant, but it is unsuitable for specific migration analyses since it contains many interfering compounds. These could not be eliminated by repeated solvent extraction, and a silicone oil was therefore substituted. In an attempt to identify the species migrating into aqueous and fatty food simulants both the final materials and also the individual components i.e. nylon, adhesive, polyethylene and polypropylene were examined separately. HPLC techniques have been developed to quantify both the known levels of antioxidants present in the polymers and also the anticipated degradation products from these materials. Typical levels of antioxidants in simulants range from <0.1 (aqueous) to 45j..lgdm-2 (oil) and <0.1 (aqueous) to 200j..lgdm" (oil) for antioxidant degradation products. In commercial boil in the bag laminates the major migrants have been shown to be derived principally from the nylon film, and the polyurethane adhesive used to fabricate the laminate. Le-MS investigations have confirmed the presence of the residual monomer Ecaprolactarn and its cyclic oligomers (up to the nonarner) in aqueous food simulants boiled in direct contact with the nylon 6. This technique has also identified the main migrants from the aliphatic and aromatic polyurethane adhesives to be residual oligomers from the polyols. Any residual isocyanates in the adhesive are converted to the corresponding amine, and colourimetric assays have determined levels between 1.1 and O.lj..lgdm". Measured, migration levels into fatty food simulants were found to be greater than in aqueous food simulants. However, none of the material examined showed an overall migration value greater than the EC limit of 10mg dm" for single sided testing. Some instances were found where the consumer was instructed to boil the dry food part of a boil in the bag meal in the same water as that used to heat the pouch containing the meat, and under these circumstances a total migration value for the laminate greater than 10mg dm-2 was measured.

Fechamento de loops é um dos principais processos das estratégias de SLAM baseadas em grafos, usadas para estimar o erro de deslocamento acumulado à ser minimizado pela técnica. Neste sentido, boas correspondências de cenas permitem criar uma conexão entre dois nós do grafo que está sendo construído para representar o ambiente. Contudo, falsas correspondências podem levar essas estratégias a um estado irreversível de falsa representação do ambiente. Neste trabalho, um método robusto baseado em features que usa sequências de imagens para reconhecer áreas revisitadas é apresentado. Este método usa a abordagem de Bag-of-Words para reduzir efeitos de iluminação e uma ponderação TF-IDF para ressaltar as principais features que descrevem cada cena. Além disso, um algoritmo baseado na técnica de Mean Shift é usado sobre uma matriz de similaridade para identificar a possível trajetória seguida pelo robô e melhorar a detecção de fechamento de loop. O método apresentado foi testado em um ambiente aberto usando sequências de imagens coletadas com usando uma câmera de mão e um drone modelo Parrot ArDrone 2.0. / Loop closure recognition is one of the main processes of graph-based SLAM strategies, used to estimate the accumulated motion error to be minimized by the technique. Good scene correspondences allow to create constraints between two nodes in the graph that is currently being built to represent the environment that the robot is immersed. However, false correspondences can lead these strategies to an irreversible wrong environment representation. In this work, we present a robust feature-based loop closure approach that uses image sequence matching to recognize revisited areas. This approach uses Bag-of- Words to reduce the effects of lightning changes and a TF-IDF weighting to enhance the main features that describe each scene. Besides, an algorithm based on Mean Shift is used over a similarity matrix to identify the possible trajectory followed by the robot and improve the loop closure detection. Our method is tested in a GPS-denied outdoor environment using image sequences collected using a handheld camera and a Parrot ArDrone 2.0.

<p>Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are usual measurements within the sports and training physiology. The same measurements are also common when it comes to establish the amount of energy that is used during work and to establish the intensity of work. The volume of oxygen that is consumed contra the volume of carbon dioxide that is produced can be used to calculate the metabolic rate within the human body. This calculation shows the percent relationship between carbohydrates and fat in the metabolism. </p><p>The first accurate method to measure the breathing gases for use in metabolic calculation was established in the early twenty century when the Douglas bag method was introduced. The expired air is collected in sealed bags and the volume of expired air is then analyzed when it comes to its content of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In our days several methods have been developed for automatic analysis of the breathing gases where the expired air is analyzed immediately by electronic instruments. </p><p>When it comes to the modern automatic instruments there are few scientific investigations about their reliability and that has raised questions about how accurate measurements they produce. One instrument is the Oxycon Stationary Pro which is used by Gymnastik- och Idrottshögskolan in Stockholm Sweden and several of the Swedish university hospital. In this report there has been done a practical comparison between the Douglas bag method and the automatic instrument Oxycon Stationary Pro. The comparison showed a great similarity when it come to the metabolic rate. When it comes to the respiratory gases however, the Oxycon Stationary Pro shows values up to five percent higher than the Douglas bag.</p>

Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are usual measurements within the sports and training physiology. The same measurements are also common when it comes to establish the amount of energy that is used during work and to establish the intensity of work. The volume of oxygen that is consumed contra the volume of carbon dioxide that is produced can be used to calculate the metabolic rate within the human body. This calculation shows the percent relationship between carbohydrates and fat in the metabolism. The first accurate method to measure the breathing gases for use in metabolic calculation was established in the early twenty century when the Douglas bag method was introduced. The expired air is collected in sealed bags and the volume of expired air is then analyzed when it comes to its content of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In our days several methods have been developed for automatic analysis of the breathing gases where the expired air is analyzed immediately by electronic instruments. When it comes to the modern automatic instruments there are few scientific investigations about their reliability and that has raised questions about how accurate measurements they produce. One instrument is the Oxycon Stationary Pro which is used by Gymnastik- och Idrottshögskolan in Stockholm Sweden and several of the Swedish university hospital. In this report there has been done a practical comparison between the Douglas bag method and the automatic instrument Oxycon Stationary Pro. The comparison showed a great similarity when it come to the metabolic rate. When it comes to the respiratory gases however, the Oxycon Stationary Pro shows values up to five percent higher than the Douglas bag.

The aim of the study was to examine the muscle activities of fifteen male participants (23.44 ±2.63 years) during unilateral hockey bag load carrying of different weights (10%, 20%, and 30% bodyweight) and sizes (small and large). Walking without a hockey bag was the control condition. The results showed that increased peak and integrated EMG occurred with an increased load weight in the semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, rectus abdominis, and vastus medialis. The left rectus femoris and left semitendinosus were both significantly greater than the right corresponding muscle. Carrying the large hockey bag produced greater peak EMG in the right rectus abdominis and the right rectus femoris, whereas the right vastus medialis showed a larger peak EMG in the small hockey bag. It was concluded that the posterior-lateral carrying style of hockey bag load carriage explained the results being similar to both backpack and side pack load carriage studies.

The issue of consumption pattern of luxury-bag has been concerned for a long time. The early researches of consumption pattern of luxury-bag, scholars studied on single consumption pattern of luxury-bag, it means, there is no research of many consumption patterns of luxury-bag in one time. So the author wants to compare the different consumption patterns of luxury-bag in consumption value, expecting that understanding the influencing factors between different consumers of purchasing patterns. There are two purposes in the research, 1. Make the radar charts in different consumption patterns of luxury-bag, and then according to the results give the suggestions of marketing. 2.Compare the different consumption patterns of luxury-bag in a single consumption value. By collecting and analyzing questionnaires, the results are that consumers with different patterns have different consumption value; people who purchase new luxury-bag have similar consumption value to people who purchase second-hand luxury-bag; people who purchase counterfeits pay much attention to social value; people who rent the luxury-bag pay much attention to condition value.