Diese Dissertation analysiert drei unterschiedliche Märkte im Rahmen der digitalen Wirtschaft und bietet einen Einblick in die relevanten Wohlfahrtsimplikationen und politischen Vorschläge. Das erste Kapitel konzentriert sich auf den Crowdfunding-Markt und zeigt, dass asymmetrische Informationen zu einem höheren Preis bei Vorbestellung führen, was das Risiko von Moral Hazard verringert. Es weist auch auf den Konflikt zwischen dem Erfolg des Crowdfundings und dem Verhindern der Flucht des Entrepreneurs nach dem Erfolg hin. Das zweite Kapitel kombiniert theoretische Analysen mit einem Laborexperimente, um die Auswirkungen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) auf die Wahl von Verbrauchern bezüglich ihrer Privatsphäre zu untersuchen. Es zeigt, dass eine vorgeschriebene gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten zwischen Unternehmen dazu führt, dass Verbraucher vermehrt ihre Daten zur Verfügung stellen und dass Verbraucherwohl steigt. Dies ist eine gute Ergänzung für die Debatte der Europäischen Kommission über eine vorgeschriebene gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten in bestimmten Sektoren darstellt. Im letzten Kapitel wird die On-Demand-Plattform im Taximarkt erörtert, bei der der Preis flexibel ist und an die aggregierte Nachfrage und das Angebot angepasst wird. Gegen die eigene Intuition deutet das Ergebnis darauf hin, dass das Problem von zu wenig Angebot bei steigender Nachfrage möglicherweise nicht durch genügend neue Marktteilnehmer gelöst wird. Sozialplaner, On-Demand-Plattform und Dienstleister haben unterschiedliche Anreize für den Markteintritt. / This thesis analyzes three distinct markets under digital economy and offers insight on the relevant welfare implications and policy suggestions. The first chapter focuses on the crowdfunding market and demonstrates that asymmetric information leads to a higher pre-ordering price which lessens the risk of moral hazard. It also points out the trade-off between making the crowdfunding succeed and preventing the entrepreneur from running away after the success. The second chapter combines theoretical analysis with laboratory experiment to explore the effect of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on consumer's privacy choice. It shows that mandating data sharing among firms leads consumers to give up more privacy and increases consumer welfare, which acts as a good supplement for European Commission's debate on the mandated data sharing in specific sectors. The last chapter discusses the on-demand platform in taxi market where the price is flexible and adjusted by aggregate demand and supply. Contrary to common sense, the result suggests that enough new entrants may not solve the problem of undersupply when demand surges. Social planner, on-demand platform and service providers have different incentives regarding when to enter the market.

This paper presents a bio-inspired approach for optical flow data interpretation based on fuzzy inference decision making for visual mobile robot navigation. The interpretation results of regionally averaged optical flow patterns with pyramid segmentation of the optical flow field deliver fuzzy topological and topographic information of the surrounding environment (topological structure from motion). It allows a topological localization in a global map as well as controlled locomotion (obstacle avoidance, goal seeking) in a changing and dynamic environment. The topological optical flow processing is embedded in a behavior based mobile robot navigation system which uses only a mono-camera as primary navigation sensor. The paper discusses the optical flow processing approach as well as the rule based fuzzy inference algorithms used. The implemented algorithms have been tested successfully with synthetic image data for a first verification and parameter tuning as well as in a real office environment with real image data.

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The factors associated with employees' work related attitudes and cognitions were examined. A sample of employees from Community Living Trust (CLT), an organisation within the disability support worker industry, completed a questionnaire that included several measures: supervisor and colleague support, role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload, time-based, strain-based and behaviour-based work-to-family/family-to-work conflict, organisational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which supervisor and colleague support contributed to a reduction in role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload. In addition, the relationship between support and work-to-family/family-to-work conflict were also explored. Finally, the organisational outcomes, in particular organisational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intentions, were examined. It was found that supervisor and colleague support did, in some cases, moderated the relationship between role stressors, conflict and job satisfaction / organisational commitment. It was also found that job satisfaction and affective commitment mediated the relationship between the role stressors, WF strain-based conflict and turnover intentions. The major implications from this research are that human resource initiatives should be developed that aims to identify the support needs employees may have, in order to increase levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment and decrease levels of turnover intentions. The final chapter of this research explored the practical implications to the organisation, employees and the need for future research.

Orientadores: Fernando Jose Von Zuben, Mauricio Fernandes Figueiredo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T19:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelan_Roberto_M.pdf: 4495515 bytes, checksum: aed72feefc89070579190e862ea0f740 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A concepção de sistemas autônomos de navegação para robôs móveis, havendo múltiplos objetivos simultâneos a serem atendidos, como a coleta de lixo com manutenção da integridade, requer a adoção de técnicas refinadas de coordenação de módulos de comportamento elementar. Modelos de redes imunológicas artificiais podem então ser empregados na proposição de um controlador concebido com base em um processo de mapeamento dinâmico. Os anticorpos da rede são responsáveis pelos módulos de comportamento elementar, na forma de regras do tipo <condição>-<ação>, e as conexões são responsáveis pelos mecanismos de estímulo e supressão entre os anticorpos. A rede iniciará uma resposta imunológica sempre que lhe forem apresentados os antígenos. Estes antígenos representam a situação atual capturada pelos sensores do robô. A dinâmica da rede é baseada no nível de concentração dos anticorpos, definida com base na interação dos anticorpos e dos anticorpos com os antígenos. De acordo com o nível de concentração, um anticorpo é escolhido para definir a ação do robô. Um processo evolutivo é então responsável por definir um padrão de conexões para a rede imunológica, a partir de uma população de redes candidatas, capaz de maximizar o atendimento dos objetivos durante a navegação. Resulta então um sistema híbrido que tem a rede imunológica como responsável por introduzir um processo dinâmico de tomada de decisão e tem agora a computação evolutiva como responsável por definir a estrutura da rede. Para que fosse possível avaliar os controladores (redes imunológicas) a cada geração do processo evolutivo, um ambiente virtual foi desenvolvido para simulação computacional, com base nas características do problema de navegação. As redes imunológicas obtidas através do processo evolutivo foram analisadas e testadas em novas situações, apresentando capacidade de coordenação em tarefas simples e complexas. Os experimentos preliminares com um robô real do tipo Khepera II indicaram a eficácia da ferramenta de navegação / Abstract: The design of an autonomous navigation system for mobile robots, with simultaneous objectives to be satisfied, as garbage collection with maintenance of integrity, requires refined coordination mechanisms to deal with modules of elementary behavior. Models of artificial immune networks can then be applied to produce a controller based on dynamic mapping. The antibodies of the immune network are responsible for the modules of elementary behavior, in the form of <condition>-<action> rules, and the connections are responsible for the mechanisms of stimulation and suppression of antibodies. The network will always start an immune response when antigens are presented. These antigens represent the current output of the robot sensors. The network dynamics is based on the levels of antibody concentration, provided by interaction among antibodies, and among antibodies and antigens. Based on its concentration level, an antibody is chosen to define the robot action. An evolutionary process is then used to define the connection pattern of the immune network, from a population of candidate networks, capable of maximizing the objectives during navigation. As a consequence, a hybrid system is conceived, with an immune network implementing a dynamic process of decision-making, and an evolutionary algorithm defining the network structure. To be able to evaluate the controllers (immune networks) at each iteration of the evolutionary process, a virtual environment was developed for computer simulation, based on the characteristics of the navigation problem. The immune networks obtained by evolution were analyzed and tested in new situations and presented coordination capability in simple and complex tasks. The preliminary experiments on a real Khepera II robot indicated the efficacy of the navigation tool / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Omni-directional (O-D) infrared (IR) vision is an effective capability for mobile systems in robotics, due to its advantages: illumination invariance, wide field-of-view, ease of identifying heat-emitting objects, and long term tracking without interruption. Unfortunately, O-D IR sensors have low resolution, low frame rates, high cost, sensor noise, and an increase in tracking time. In order to overcome these disadvantages, we propose an autonomous system application in indoor scenarios including 1) Dynamic 3D Reconstruction (D3DR) of the target view in real time images, 2) Human Behavior-based Target Tracking from O-D thermal images, 3) Thermal Multisensor Fusion (TMF), and 4) Visual Perception for Social Cognition from the motion behavior of the human target.

El presente estudio de investigación implemento el programa de seguridad basado en el comportamiento orientado a lograr reducir los índices de accidentabilidad, aumentar los actos estándares y cambiar la cultura de seguridad de la empresa. Para ello, como primer antecedente se tuvo el estado actual del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SGSST) de la empresa, el diseño del programa, la implementación orientada a la observación y retroalimentación positiva y finalmente la evaluación de los resultados por un periodo de tres meses. Todo ello, implica estudiar y comprender la metodología para incluirlo dentro del Sistema Integrado de Gestión de prevención de riesgos, como propuesta de mejora continua. Asimismo, como parte del programa se analizarán las conductas y comportamientos; los cuales serán plasmados en un formulario de la empresa en estudio, para observar si son o no seguras y cuáles podrían ser las causas inmediatas y/o básicas del comportamiento del trabajador. / This research study implemented the behavior-based safety program aimed at reducing accident rates, increasing standard acts and changing the safety culture of the company. For this, as the first precedent, the current state of the company's occupational health and safety management system (SGSST) was used, the design of the program, the implementation oriented to observation and positive feedback and finally the evaluation of the results. for a period of three months. All of this implies studying and understanding the methodology to include it within the Integrated Risk Prevention Management System, as a proposal for continuous improvement. Likewise, as part of the program, behaviors and behaviors will be analyzed; which will be reflected in a form of the company under study, to observe whether or not they are safe and what could be the immediate and / or basic causes of the worker's behavior. / Tesis

El transporte de carga por medio terrestre es una de las actividades con altos números de accidentes e incidentes en la actualidad debido a los diversos factores que influyen en esta tarea. Si a esto se le añade el transporte de materiales peligrosos como los hidrocarburos (combustible), explosivos y lubricantes la probabilidad de que se maximice el evento es elevado y perjudicial para todos los actores externos e internos de la actividad. En el Perú existen leyes y normativas que regulan el transporte de materiales peligrosos, así como también el cumplimiento total de cada una de estas. Por ello, que las empresas brindan las capacitaciones y condiciones a los trabajadores que desempeñan esta labor, sin embargo, existe un factor elemental para evitar la ocurrencia de accidentes/incidentes la cual está arraigada al comportamiento del trabajador; así como también a la motivación y concientización de realizar sus actividades de forma segura. En este contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación plantea la implementación del Coaching en el Programa de Seguridad Basada en el Comportamiento (SBC) para disminuir los accidentes e incidentes, así como también para aumentar las conductas seguras de los trabajadores dentro de una empresa de transporte de materiales peligrosos. Este proyecto ejecutará el diseño y la aplicación del Coaching en el área de operaciones que se encuentra relacionada directamente al transporte de los materiales peligrosos. / Freight transportation by land is one of the activities with high numbers of accidents and incidents today due to the various factors that influence this task. If to this is added the transport of hazardous materials such as hydrocarbons (fuel), explosives and lubricants, the probability that the event will be maximized is high and detrimental to all the external and internal actors of the activity. In Peru there are laws and regulations that regulate the transport of hazardous materials, as well as the full compliance with each of these. Therefore, the companies provide training and conditions to workers who perform this work, however, there is an elementary factor to avoid the occurrence of accidents / incidents which is rooted in the behavior of the worker; as well as the motivation and awareness to carry out their activities safely. In this context, this research work proposes the implementation of Coaching in the Behavior Based Safety Program (SBC) to reduce accidents and incidents, as well as to increase the safe behaviors of workers within a transportation company of hazardous materials. This project will execute the design and application of Coaching in the area of operations that will be directly related to the transport of hazardous materials. / Tesis

Abstract. Autonomous agents, also known as AI agents, are staples in modern video games. They take a lot of roles, everything from being quest-givers in roleplaying games, to opposing forces in action- and shooter games. Crafting an AI that is not only easy to create, but also retains humanlike and believable behavior, has always represented a challenge to the development industry, and has in several cases ended up with open world games using AI systems that limit the AI agents to simple moving patterns. In this thesis, a form of AI systems more commonly used in simulation games such as The Sims video game series, are taken and implemented in an environment that could possibly be seen in an open world game. After the implementation, a set of tests were performed on a group of testers which resulted in the insight that a majority of the testers, when asked to compare their experience to other games, found this implementation to feel more lifelike and realistic.