Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verwantskap tussen persoonlikheidstipes en 'n salutogeniese konstruk naamlik sin vir koherensie te ondersoek. Persoonlikheid is vanuit 'n behavioristiese sowel as humanistiese paradigma ondersoek en sin vir koherensie vanuit 'n salutogeniese paradigma. Die studie is uitgevoer onder middelvlak bestuurders in 'n finansiele instelling waarvan die totale populasie in 'n gegewe geografiese gebied betrek is. Twee meetinstrumente, naamlik die lewensorientasievraelys (OLQ) en die Myers-Briggs tipe indikator (MBTI) is gebruik op die populasie van 57 bestuurders. Pearson produkmoment-korrel asiekoeffisiente is bereken en 'n variansie-ontleding is gedoen. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat daar nie 'n beduidende verband is tussen persoonlikheidstipes en sin vir koherensie nie. Die aanname word gemaak dat 'n verwantskap tussen die twee konstrukte moontlik gevind kan word indien 'n meer geografies verspreide en heterogene proefgroep gebruik word waarin al die persoonlikheidstipes verteenwoordig is. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality types a11d a salutogenic construct, namely sense of coherence. Personality has been investigated from a behaviouristic as well as a humanistic paradigm and sense of coherence from a salutogenic paradigm. This study has been done on persons on middle management level in a financial institution of which the total population has been approached in a given geographical area. Two measuring instruments, namely the Orientation To Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) have been used on the population of 57 managers. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient has been calculated and a variation analysis has been done. The results of this study show that there is no significant relation between personality types and sense of coherence. It is supposed that a relationship between the two constructs might be found if a more heterogenic and geographically spread experimental group is used in such a way that all the personality types are represented. / Psychology / M.A. (Bedryfsielkunde)

The purpose of the study was to develop a behavioral nursing intervention strategy for specific deficits in grooming performance of elders with dementia. A quasi-experimental two-group design using switching replications with removed intervention was employed. Three residents with severe cognitive impairments and three residents with mild cognitive impairments were chosen from a special dementia care unit of a long-term care facility. Three residents among six residents were randomly selected to receive the behavioral intervention early. Baseline and post-intervention assistance was provided by nurse aides. Each resident was asked to wash hands, brush teeth, wash face, and comb hair in a sequence. Ten intervention sessions were conducted by the trained intervener for two consecutive weeks. The intervention consisted systematic prompting and social reinforcement. A total of 21 sessions were collected in the morning using videotape recordings. Interobserver agreement for the instruments designed by the investigator was measured by the trained observers. Data were analyzed in two phases. First, the quantitative data were analyzed to determine the independent functional behaviors of individuals, and the change in the intensity of nursing effort associated with grooming of elders with dementia. Data were examined by individual graphic display throughout the three phases (baseline, nursing intervention, post-intervention). Second, the qualitative data were analyzed to determine the antecedents, consequences, and resident responses associated with grooming, the caregiver problem behaviors, and resident problem behaviors associated with grooming performance. The results show that the functional behaviors of even severely demented elders can be promoted, indicating the effectiveness of nursing care strategies on the ADL task of grooming. The data in this research suggest that maintaining or improving functional ability is possible with a behavioral nursing intervention, which was a highly structured and systematic approach that involved modifying the environmental and behavioral context, through strategies such as prompting and social reinforcement, when necessary. Furthermore, through the qualitative analysis, the functional relationships between antecedents, consequences, and behaviors of demented elders allowed the investigator to analyze the caregiver problem behaviors and resident behavior problems associated with grooming.

The problem with which this thesis is concerned is the definition, justification, and implementation of behavioral objectives as they relate to Speech Communication and Drama courses. Chapter One provides definition and justification of behavioral objectives. In Chapter Two, the process of writing the objectives is explained. Chapter Three contains examples of behavioral objectives which could be implemented in two of the basic courses in the Speech Communication and Drama Department at North Texas State University. Chapter Four furnishes examples for two courses which are based on more specific content. Chapter Five contains conclusions. Evidence indicates that behavioral objectives facilitate learning and accrue advantages to parents, administrators, teachers, and students. The teacher of Speech Communication and Drama can no longer ignore the behavioral precepts.

Le design pédagogique dans les jeux vidéo non éducatifs est une discipline en mal de définitions et de méthodes. Contrairement à celui que l’on trouve dans les écoles ou autres institutions de formation, le design pédagogique pour les jeux vidéo non éducatifs est fait par des designers de jeux qui n’ont souvent aucune formation en enseignement. Un modèle de design pédagogique pour les jeux vidéo non éducatifs est donc développé dans ce mémoire, à partir d’une recherche exploratoire utilisant l’analyse de contenu de jeux vidéo et les théories de la science de l’éducation. Étant donné les ressources limitées disponibles pour le développement du modèle, la présente recherche pourra servir de base à la construction d’un modèle plus élaboré sur un sujet semblable, offrira des pistes intéressantes de recherche sur l’enseignement par le jeu et pourra soutenir les designers de jeu lors de la planification du design pédagogique dans leurs jeux. / Instructional design for non-educational video games is an ill-defined discipline that lacks established methods. Contrarily to the one used in schools or other education or formation institutions, video game instructional design is done by video game designers who often have no teaching training. An instructional design model for non-educational games is developed, in this paper, based on video game content analysis and educational science theories. Considering the limited resources available for the development of this model, it lays grounds for the establishment of a more elaborate model on instructional video game design, offers insights on education through games and can help video game designers plan the instructional design for their games.

This study explores how the only public TV channel designated for children in the Czech Republic approaches on a children's audience and how it communicates with a child and adult viewers. The primary research of this study has a qualitative nature. The case study was used, the data were analyzed thematically. In the study, several interviews were conducted with the key television staff responsible for communication. Research based on a literature review found that television workes view the viewer as an active audience. They create content which is to be edutainment. ČT :D follows world trends and uses the latest technologies, including social networks, to communicate with the child's viewer. However, social networks ČT :D does not consider to be the key means of communicating with child viewers due to the age of its target group. Within the paradigms that dominate the discourse of approaching to the child's viewer, social constructivism was found out.

Realizamos um estudo comparativo entre os conceitos de eu tal como formulados pelos psicólogos William James (1842-1910) e B. F. Skinner (1904-1990). No caso de James, a fonte foi o capítulo A consciência do eu de sua obra Os princípios de psicologia, a partir do qual relatamos os constituintes do eu empírico, a reflexão do autor sobre o ego puro e a descrição dos sentimentos, emoções e ações do eu. No caso de Skinner, as fontes foram a seção O indivíduo como um todo da obra Ciência e comportamento humano e o capítulo Pensamento da obra Comportamento verbal, além de alguns outros artigos; discutimos os conceitos de autocontrole e de pensamento conforme o behaviorismo radical, para em seguida definir o eu como um sistema organizado de respostas. Então traduzimos o conceito de eu de James em referências a contingências de reforço: o eu material em termos de filogênese e ontogênese, o eu social em termos de controle de estímulo, o eu espiritual como repertório modelado pela comunidade verbal e o ego puro no contexto dos três níveis de seleção do comportamento humano. Discutimos possíveis influências de James sobre Skinner a partir de relações entre suas teorias psicológicas: a conceituação de eus múltiplos, a rejeição da consciência como substância, a afinidade do empirismo radical com o behaviorismo radical e a ideia de evolução da cultura. Refletimos sobre a atitude de James e Skinner quanto a relacionar dados empíricos a princípios gerais, sobre ambos classificarem a psicologia no conjunto das ciências naturais e sobre as razões de uma suposta morte da psicologia jamesiana e do behaviorismo radical. Finalmente, sugerimos questões para pesquisas posteriores. / This is a comparative study of the concepts of self as formulated by the psychologists William James (1842-1910) and B. F. Skinner (1904-1990). The source for James concept was the chapter The consciousness of self of his book The principles of psychology, from which I described the constituents of the empirical self, the authors reflection on the pure ego, and the feelings, emotions and actions of the self. In Skinners case, the sources were the section The individual as a whole of the book Science and human behavior, the chapter Thinking of the book Verbal behavior, and a few other articles; I discussed the concepts of self-control and thinking according to radical behaviorism in order to define the self as an organized system of responses. Then I translated James concept of self into references to contingencies of reinforcement: the material self in terms of phylogenesis and ontogenesis, the social self in terms of stimulus control, the spiritual self in terms of a repertoire shaped by the verbal community, and the pure ego in terms of the three levels of selection of human behavior. I proposed possible influences of James on Skinner, based on relations between their psychological theories: the conception of multiple selves, the rejection of the conscience as a substance, the affinity of radical empiricism and radical behaviorism, and the idea of evolution of culture. I reflected on the attitude of James and Skinner towards relating empirical data to general principles, on their classification of psychology among the natural sciences, and on the reasons for a supposed death of Jamesian psychology and radical behaviorism. Finally, I suggested some questions to further investigations.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi delinear uma proposta possível de síntese entre análise do comportamento e neurociências a partir do exame de seus fundamentos teóricofilosóficos. Para tanto, o primeiro passo da pesquisa consistiu na análise do posicionamento de Skinner acerca das explicações fisiológicas do comportamento. Essa análise foi realizada tendo em vista quatro questões centrais: (a) Quais são os argumentos apresentados pelo autor para justificar a autonomia da análise do comportamento perante as neurociências? (b) Quais são as suas críticas às explicações fisiológicas? (c) Quais são os interlocutores de Skinner em suas críticas? (d) Qual é, para Skinner, a real função das neurociências na explicação do comportamento? Após a realização desse estágio, procedemos à análise dos fundamentos teórico-filosóficos das neurociências, que teve como fio condutor duas metateorias presentes na área: a metateoria cognitivista, normalmente associada à neurociência cognitiva, e a metateoria mecanicista, ligada às neurociências celular e molecular. Concluímos que, ao contrário da metateoria cognitivista, que é plenamente incompatível com o behaviorismo radical, a metateoria mecanicista apresenta estratégias de pesquisa semelhantes às da análise do comportamento. Por fim, visando contribuir para o estabelecimento de um núcleo teórico-filosófico comum à análise do comportamento e às neurociências, encerramos o trabalho com reflexões acerca de tópicos pertinentes ao tema, estando entre eles a aproximação entre o behaviorismo radical e a metateoria mecanicista; a abordagem integrativa e descentralizadora denominada sistema comportamental; o operacionismo skinneriano e o significado dos termos psicológicos; e a importância da síntese entre análise do comportamento e neurociências / The aim of this work was to propose a possible synthesis between behavior analysis and neuroscience through the exam of its theoretical and philosophical foundations. To do so, we started by providing answers to the following questions regarding Skinners ideas about neuroscience: (a) What arguments did Skinner present in order to justify the independence of behavior analysis from physiology? (b) What were his criticisms against physiological explanations of behavior? (c) Who were the main targets of Skinners criticism? (d) What was for him the real function of neuroscience in the explanation of behavior? We proceeded then to the analysis of neurosciences theoretical and philosophical foundations. This analysis was based upon two main metatheories associated to the field: the cognitive metatheory, related to cognitive neuroscience, and the mechanistic metatheory, related to cellular and molecular neuroscience. We concluded that while cognitive metatheory is incompatible with behavior analysis, there are relevant similarities between the mechanistic thinking and radical behaviorism. The final chapter was dedicated to the discussion of some topics related to this matter, among which were the similarities between radical behaviorism and mechanistic metatheory; the integrative and decentralized approach called behavioral system; Skinners operationism and the meaning of psychological terms; and the very importance of the synthesis between behavior analysis and neuroscience to the explanation of behavior

Läxor är något som är omdiskuteratinom skolvärlden, det både finns de som är för och de som är emot användandet av läxor. Vi har gjort en kvantitativ enkätundersökning och fyra kvalitativa intervjuer vars syfte var att studera och jämföra hur lärarnas syn på läxor såg ut inom svenskämnet i årskurs 4–6 och hur de använde sig av detta i svenskundervisningen. Vår studie visar att läxor är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen inom skolkontexten även fast detta inte står fastskrivet i den aktuella läroplanen. Läsläxor, förberedandeläxor och repetitionsläxor var vanligt förekommande inom svenskämnet. Det lyftes även fram i både enkäten och intervjuerna att läxor ger både positiva och negativa effekter. En positiv aspekt som många informanter anförde var att föräldern fick möjlighet att inkluderas i elevens skolarbete och att de på så sätt blev mer engagerade i barnets utveckling. Däremot förekom det informanter som tog upp att alla elever inte hade samma förutsättningar att få den hjälp som de behövde i samband med läxläsning i hemmet.Detta bidrar till att alla elever inte får den likvärdiga utbildning som skolan ska sträva efter. Slutsatsen är att majoriteten av lärarna arbetar med läxor i sin undervisning. En liten andel lärare lyfter fram läxors negativa aspekter och valde därför att avstå från att använda läxor i undervisningen.

Realizamos um estudo comparativo entre os conceitos de eu tal como formulados pelos psicólogos William James (1842-1910) e B. F. Skinner (1904-1990). No caso de James, a fonte foi o capítulo A consciência do eu de sua obra Os princípios de psicologia, a partir do qual relatamos os constituintes do eu empírico, a reflexão do autor sobre o ego puro e a descrição dos sentimentos, emoções e ações do eu. No caso de Skinner, as fontes foram a seção O indivíduo como um todo da obra Ciência e comportamento humano e o capítulo Pensamento da obra Comportamento verbal, além de alguns outros artigos; discutimos os conceitos de autocontrole e de pensamento conforme o behaviorismo radical, para em seguida definir o eu como um sistema organizado de respostas. Então traduzimos o conceito de eu de James em referências a contingências de reforço: o eu material em termos de filogênese e ontogênese, o eu social em termos de controle de estímulo, o eu espiritual como repertório modelado pela comunidade verbal e o ego puro no contexto dos três níveis de seleção do comportamento humano. Discutimos possíveis influências de James sobre Skinner a partir de relações entre suas teorias psicológicas: a conceituação de eus múltiplos, a rejeição da consciência como substância, a afinidade do empirismo radical com o behaviorismo radical e a ideia de evolução da cultura. Refletimos sobre a atitude de James e Skinner quanto a relacionar dados empíricos a princípios gerais, sobre ambos classificarem a psicologia no conjunto das ciências naturais e sobre as razões de uma suposta morte da psicologia jamesiana e do behaviorismo radical. Finalmente, sugerimos questões para pesquisas posteriores. / This is a comparative study of the concepts of self as formulated by the psychologists William James (1842-1910) and B. F. Skinner (1904-1990). The source for James concept was the chapter The consciousness of self of his book The principles of psychology, from which I described the constituents of the empirical self, the authors reflection on the pure ego, and the feelings, emotions and actions of the self. In Skinners case, the sources were the section The individual as a whole of the book Science and human behavior, the chapter Thinking of the book Verbal behavior, and a few other articles; I discussed the concepts of self-control and thinking according to radical behaviorism in order to define the self as an organized system of responses. Then I translated James concept of self into references to contingencies of reinforcement: the material self in terms of phylogenesis and ontogenesis, the social self in terms of stimulus control, the spiritual self in terms of a repertoire shaped by the verbal community, and the pure ego in terms of the three levels of selection of human behavior. I proposed possible influences of James on Skinner, based on relations between their psychological theories: the conception of multiple selves, the rejection of the conscience as a substance, the affinity of radical empiricism and radical behaviorism, and the idea of evolution of culture. I reflected on the attitude of James and Skinner towards relating empirical data to general principles, on their classification of psychology among the natural sciences, and on the reasons for a supposed death of Jamesian psychology and radical behaviorism. Finally, I suggested some questions to further investigations.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-09T13:02:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Enzo Banti Bissoli.pdf: 2151691 bytes, checksum: 66e9630f1f674107c134a63fc4964f0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T13:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Enzo Banti Bissoli.pdf: 2151691 bytes, checksum: 66e9630f1f674107c134a63fc4964f0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research sought to provide an interface between Political Psychology and Behavior Analysis. To do so, a definition of Political Psychology and a presentation of its development regarding the areas from which it originates is proposed throughout the study. Considering that, for the emergence of Political Psychology to be feasible, besides the establishment of Psychology and Political Science as independent disciplines, it would be required discussions on the dimensions and political impacts of these sciences. Discussions have taken researchers in these areas to become interested in and suggest studies focused on Psycho-Political phenomena in broader contexts, not only regarding the scope of their disciplinary activities and their impacts on society. In a later stage, the main features of the Behavior Analysis will be presented. They would imply the possibility of an interface with Political Psychology, as well as the contributions and theoretical dialogues of James G. Holland, author of the Behavior Analysis (Holland 1971; 1974/2016; 1975a; 1975b; 1976; 1977; 1978a; 1978b; 1980, 2016), which have contributed to the discussions of the political dimensions of Behavior Analysis, as well as to the development of research interests and possibilities for the study of socio-political phenomena in this area. This paper also analyzes the productions of three Behavior Analysis journals focused on social and political issues as follows: Behaviorist for Social Action Journal, Behavior and Social Action and Behavior and Social Issues. Finally, we sought to consider characteristics of Behavior Analysis and its historic development, which allow us to support it as one of the possible approaches for Political Psychology studies / Esta pesquisa procurou estabelecer uma interface entre a Psicologia Política e a Análise do Comportamento. Para isso, ao longo do estudo foram propostas: uma definição da Psicologia Política e uma apresentação de seu desenvolvimento com relação às áreas a partir das quais se origina. Considerando que, para que fosse possível o surgimento da Psicologia Política, seria necessário, além do estabelecimento da Psicologia e da Ciência Política enquanto disciplinas independentes, as discussões das dimensões e os impactos políticos dessas ciências. Discussões que levaram pesquisadores dessas áreas a se interessarem e proporem estudos voltados a fenômenos psicopolíticos em contextos mais amplos que não só no âmbito das atividades de suas disciplinas e seus impactos na sociedade. Em momento posterior são apresentadas as característica principais da Análise do Comportamento, que implicariam na possibilidade de uma interface com a Psicologia Política, bem como as contribuições e diálogos teóricos do autor da Análise do Comportamento, James G. Holland (Holland 1971, 1974/2016, 1975a, 1975b, 1976, 1977, 1978a, 1978b, 1980, 2016), que contribuíram para as discussões das dimensões políticas da Análise do Comportamento e o desenvolvimento dos interesses e possibilidades de pesquisa para estudo de fenômenos sociopolíticos dessa área. Além disso, também são analisadas as produções de três revistas da Análise do Comportamento voltadas a questões sociais e políticas, que são: Behaviorist for Social Action Journal, Behavior Analysis and Social Action e Behavior and Social Issues. Por fim, buscou-se considerar as características da Análise do Comportamento e seu desenvolvimento histórico, que nos permite defendê-la como uma das possíveis abordagens para estudos em Psicologia Política