Includes bibliographical references / This dissertation intends to shed light on open-membership medical scheme benefit design in South Africa. This will be done by analysing the benefit design of 118 benefit options, so as to provide an overview of the structure and nature of the benefit offerings available in the market in 2014. In addition, affordability of these benefit options was analysed in order to identify whether or not there exist connections between the benefits on offer and the price of cover. This paper will argue that at present, the large number of benefit options available in the market, the lack of standardisation between benefit options, together with the mosaic of confusing terminology employed in scheme brochures, creates a highly complex environment that hampers consumer decision making. However, this implicit complexity was found to be necessary owing to the incomplete regulatory environment surrounding medical schemes. The findings of this investigation show that benefit design requires significant attention in order to facilitate equitable access to cover in South Africa.