The master thesis deals with the importance of the book in evolution of the children's imagination. The first part includes short introduction to problems of children's imagination. The second part is engaged in ontogeny of child from prenatal period to the middle childhood and in progress of key competences. It analyzes selected psychological approaches, which had the imagination as a subject of the research. The thesis explains and defines basic terms and processes of the imagination. It deals with a specific phenomenon of the children's imagination and with the evolution of the imagination. The third part introduces typical children's literature, directs on the traditional fairytale and it specifies problems of the literary characters too. It describes the historical development of the Czech book illustration, importance of the illustration in books for children and it also describes children's drawings. The fourth part applies all of previous pieces of knowledges into the work experience in kindergarten. It also describes relations between child and school or child and book. The final part of the master thesis includes summary of the information. [Author's abstract].