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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:49:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_asc_me_rcla.pdf: 1204641 bytes, checksum: 2f663ab68680a4d75547de7f0ac1f958 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o comportamento das variáveis amplitude e freqüência do sinal eletromiográfico (EMG) dos músculos bíceps do braço (BB), braquiorradial (BR), tríceps do braço (TB) e multifido (MT) em exercícios isotônicos resistidos de flexão do cotovelo, e avaliar o efeito de um treinamento de oito semanas nos valores de limiar de fadiga eletromiográfico (EMGLF), nas variáveis de amplitude e freqüência eletromiográfica, na frequência cardíaca (FC) e na percepção de esforço (PE). Participaram deste estudo 20 voluntários do gênero masculino, divididos em um grupo controle (GC) e um grupo treinamento (GT). Inicialmente, determinou-se a carga máxima isotônica (CMI) para os exercícios rosca bíceps (RB) e rosca Scott (RS). Na semana seguinte, em três dias diferentes, foram realizados os exercícios rosca bíceps, rosca bíceps adaptado (RBA) e rosca Scott, com intensidades de 25%, 30%, 35% e 40% da CMI pelo período de um minuto, um exercício por dia. A partir dos valores de coeficiente de inclinação (slope) das intensidades de carga foram calculados os valores de EMGLF. Antes e após a execução dos exercícios isotônicos foram realizadas contrações isométricas voluntárias máximas (CIVM) e submáximas (50% da CIVM). Durante a realização dos exercícios isotônicos foram registrados valores de FC e de PE. viii Com os valores de EMGLF do músculo BB foi realizado o treinamento do exercício RBA (8 semanas, 2 sessões semanais, 3 séries até a exaustão com 2 minutos de intervalo entre as séries). Foram analisados os valores de FC, PE, força isométrica máxima, bem como a amplitude e frequência da EMG em contrações isométricas máximas, submáximas e isotônicas. / The aim of this study was to analyze the behaviour of electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and frequency of the biceps brachii (BB), brachioradialis (BR), triceps brachii (TB) and multifidus (MT) in different isotonic resistance elbow flexion exercises, and to evaluate the 8 weeks training effect based in the EMG fatigue threshold (EMGFT) in the EMG variables, heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (PE). 20 healthy males subjects was divided in a control group (CG, n=10) and a training group (TG, n=10). Initially, the one repetition maximum (1RM) isotonic force for biceps curl (BC) and Scott preacher curl (SC), was obtained. On the next week, in three different days, they was perform the BC, adapted biceps curl (ABC) and SC, with 25%, 30%, 35% e 40% of 1RM for one minute, one exercise per day. With the slope values of each load level, the EMGFT was calculated. Before and after the isotonic exercises, was performed isometric maximum voluntary contractions (IMVC) and submaximal (50% of IMVC). During the isotonic exercises, HR and PE was record. Once the BB EMGFT values were obtained, the TG performs training in the ABC exercise (8 weeks, 2 sessions, 3 exhaustive sets with 2 minutes rest). The HR, PE, isometric and isotonic force, as well as the EMG amplitude and frequency in maxima and submaximal isometric and isotonic contractions. Isotonic 166 contractions were analysed by slope and intercept values so linear regressions pre and post training. The results showed after 1 minute rest, there was recovery for BB muscle in EMG amplitude and frequency during the BC (except for total power). There was load level effect for all exercises, mainly for EMG amplitude (root mean square RMS) for BB and BR, with fatigue-induced immediately after the protocol.

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<p>Syfte och frågeställningar</p><p>Syftet med undersökningen har varit att jämföra två olika styrketräningsmetoder med olika grader av ocklusion för träning av musculus (m.) biceps brachii med avseende på styrka och hypertrofi.</p><p>- Vilken av de två träningsmetoderna påverkar mest effektivt biceps brachiis styrkeutveckling?</p><p>- Vilken av de två träningsmetoderna påverkar mest effektivt biceps brachiis storlek?</p><p>Metod</p><p>Sju manliga försökspersoner fördelade på två grupper (tre i relaxationsgruppen, fyra i kontraktionsgruppen) fick genomgå två tester för att mäta maximal styrka i m. biceps brachii samt ett test för att mäta överarmens omkrets. Därefter fick de träna specifik bicepsträning tre gånger i veckan under fem veckor för att åter testas. Skillnaden i träning för de båda grupperna bestod av en tydlig relaxation (avslappning) en gång under varje rörelsecykel för relaxationsgruppen (relaxationen varade i ca en sekund och utfördes då hanteln var längst ner i rörelsen) medan kontraktionsgruppen ombeddes att kontrahera (spänna) muskeln under hela rörelseförloppet. För- och eftertest jämfördes mot varandra i ett beroende T-test även ökningen i träningsbelastning jämfördes mellan det andra och fjortonde passet. Därefter jämfördes förändringen mellan grupperna.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Den enda signifikanta förändringen i båda träningsgrupperna för sig noterades i det funktionella testet, med en ökning av den maximala styrkan (p=0,03 för kontraktionsgruppen; p=0,03 för relaxationsgruppen). En ökning av totalbelastningen i antal kg per träningspass noterades, men ökningarna var inte signifikanta. Vid en jämförelse av träningseffekterna av relaxations- och kontraktionsträning av biceps brachii tillsammans uppnåddes statistisk signifikans såväl avseende ökning av omkrets (p=0,0136), för maximal styrka (p=0,0002) som för den totala belastningen mellan det andra och fjortonde träningspasset (p= 0,0293).</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att inga tydliga skillnader mellan träningsgrupperna kunnat urskiljas. Om resultaten för de båda träningsgrupperna sammanvägs uppnås en signifikant ökning av såväl omkrets som maximal styrka.</p>

Theoretical mechanical benefits of biarticular muscles include reduced displacements and force potentiating shifts in linear velocities during multi-joint coupled motions. A cadaveric model was developed to compute muscle kinematics of biceps femoris (BFL and BFS) during four classes of coupled knee and hip joint motion, as well as running and walking gait (Six subjects, Vicon Motion Analysis). The examples of the classes of motion were: KEHE-jump (knee extension and hip extension), KFHF-tuck (knee flexion and hip flexion), KFHE-kick (knee flexion and hip extension), and KEHF-paw (knee extension and hip flexion). BFL peak and mean velocity shifts relative to BFS were seen in all four coupling classes (p<0.05) and the majority of the gait subclasses (p<0.05). Muscle displacements were larger in BFL for both KFHE-paw and KEHF-kick (p<0.05), smaller in KFHF-tuck (p<0.05), but not significantly different in KEHE-jump or during most of the running gait subclasses, except for during KFHE-late mid stance and KEHF-mid swing, where they were larger for BFL (p<0.05). The mechanical benefits associated with BFL velocity shift relative to BFs were identified in KFHF, KEHF motions, and certain subclasses of gait. In contrast, there were potential mechanical detriments due to velocity shift relative to BFs in the KEHE-jump, KFHE-paw, and the majority of KEHE and KFHE subclasses in both gait cycles. The possible mechanical benefits associated with displacement conservation of BFL relative to BFs would be realized in KFHF-tuck jump, but not during KEHE-jump and the gait cycle subclasses. The findings of this study reveal both mechanical benefits and detriments of biarticular muscles, and have immediate implications for neural control of biarticular muscles during movement.

Theoretical mechanical benefits of biarticular muscles include reduced displacements and force potentiating shifts in linear velocities during multi-joint coupled motions. A cadaveric model was developed to compute muscle kinematics of biceps femoris (BFL and BFS) during four classes of coupled knee and hip joint motion, as well as running and walking gait (Six subjects, Vicon Motion Analysis). The examples of the classes of motion were: KEHE-jump (knee extension and hip extension), KFHF-tuck (knee flexion and hip flexion), KFHE-kick (knee flexion and hip extension), and KEHF-paw (knee extension and hip flexion). BFL peak and mean velocity shifts relative to BFS were seen in all four coupling classes (p<0.05) and the majority of the gait subclasses (p<0.05). Muscle displacements were larger in BFL for both KFHE-paw and KEHF-kick (p<0.05), smaller in KFHF-tuck (p<0.05), but not significantly different in KEHE-jump or during most of the running gait subclasses, except for during KFHE-late mid stance and KEHF-mid swing, where they were larger for BFL (p<0.05). The mechanical benefits associated with BFL velocity shift relative to BFs were identified in KFHF, KEHF motions, and certain subclasses of gait. In contrast, there were potential mechanical detriments due to velocity shift relative to BFs in the KEHE-jump, KFHE-paw, and the majority of KEHE and KFHE subclasses in both gait cycles. The possible mechanical benefits associated with displacement conservation of BFL relative to BFs would be realized in KFHF-tuck jump, but not during KEHE-jump and the gait cycle subclasses. The findings of this study reveal both mechanical benefits and detriments of biarticular muscles, and have immediate implications for neural control of biarticular muscles during movement.

Orientador: Mauro Gonçalves / Banca: Benedito Sergio Denadai / Banca: Nadir Tassi / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o comportamento das variáveis amplitude e freqüência do sinal eletromiográfico (EMG) dos músculos bíceps do braço (BB), braquiorradial (BR), tríceps do braço (TB) e multifido (MT) em exercícios isotônicos resistidos de flexão do cotovelo, e avaliar o efeito de um treinamento de oito semanas nos valores de limiar de fadiga eletromiográfico (EMGLF), nas variáveis de amplitude e freqüência eletromiográfica, na frequência cardíaca (FC) e na percepção de esforço (PE). Participaram deste estudo 20 voluntários do gênero masculino, divididos em um grupo controle (GC) e um grupo treinamento (GT). Inicialmente, determinou-se a carga máxima isotônica (CMI) para os exercícios rosca bíceps (RB) e rosca Scott (RS). Na semana seguinte, em três dias diferentes, foram realizados os exercícios rosca bíceps, rosca bíceps adaptado (RBA) e rosca Scott, com intensidades de 25%, 30%, 35% e 40% da CMI pelo período de um minuto, um exercício por dia. A partir dos valores de coeficiente de inclinação (slope) das intensidades de carga foram calculados os valores de EMGLF. Antes e após a execução dos exercícios isotônicos foram realizadas contrações isométricas voluntárias máximas (CIVM) e submáximas (50% da CIVM). Durante a realização dos exercícios isotônicos foram registrados valores de FC e de PE. viii Com os valores de EMGLF do músculo BB foi realizado o treinamento do exercício RBA (8 semanas, 2 sessões semanais, 3 séries até a exaustão com 2 minutos de intervalo entre as séries). Foram analisados os valores de FC, PE, força isométrica máxima, bem como a amplitude e frequência da EMG em contrações isométricas máximas, submáximas e isotônicas. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the behaviour of electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and frequency of the biceps brachii (BB), brachioradialis (BR), triceps brachii (TB) and multifidus (MT) in different isotonic resistance elbow flexion exercises, and to evaluate the 8 weeks training effect based in the EMG fatigue threshold (EMGFT) in the EMG variables, heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (PE). 20 healthy males subjects was divided in a control group (CG, n=10) and a training group (TG, n=10). Initially, the one repetition maximum (1RM) isotonic force for biceps curl (BC) and Scott preacher curl (SC), was obtained. On the next week, in three different days, they was perform the BC, adapted biceps curl (ABC) and SC, with 25%, 30%, 35% e 40% of 1RM for one minute, one exercise per day. With the slope values of each load level, the EMGFT was calculated. Before and after the isotonic exercises, was performed isometric maximum voluntary contractions (IMVC) and submaximal (50% of IMVC). During the isotonic exercises, HR and PE was record. Once the BB EMGFT values were obtained, the TG performs training in the ABC exercise (8 weeks, 2 sessions, 3 exhaustive sets with 2 minutes rest). The HR, PE, isometric and isotonic force, as well as the EMG amplitude and frequency in maxima and submaximal isometric and isotonic contractions. Isotonic 166 contractions were analysed by slope and intercept values so linear regressions pre and post training. The results showed after 1 minute rest, there was recovery for BB muscle in EMG amplitude and frequency during the BC (except for total power). There was load level effect for all exercises, mainly for EMG amplitude (root mean square RMS) for BB and BR, with fatigue-induced immediately after the protocol. / Mestre

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med undersökningen har varit att jämföra två olika styrketräningsmetoder med olika grader av ocklusion för träning av musculus (m.) biceps brachii med avseende på styrka och hypertrofi. - Vilken av de två träningsmetoderna påverkar mest effektivt biceps brachiis styrkeutveckling? - Vilken av de två träningsmetoderna påverkar mest effektivt biceps brachiis storlek? Metod Sju manliga försökspersoner fördelade på två grupper (tre i relaxationsgruppen, fyra i kontraktionsgruppen) fick genomgå två tester för att mäta maximal styrka i m. biceps brachii samt ett test för att mäta överarmens omkrets. Därefter fick de träna specifik bicepsträning tre gånger i veckan under fem veckor för att åter testas. Skillnaden i träning för de båda grupperna bestod av en tydlig relaxation (avslappning) en gång under varje rörelsecykel för relaxationsgruppen (relaxationen varade i ca en sekund och utfördes då hanteln var längst ner i rörelsen) medan kontraktionsgruppen ombeddes att kontrahera (spänna) muskeln under hela rörelseförloppet. För- och eftertest jämfördes mot varandra i ett beroende T-test även ökningen i träningsbelastning jämfördes mellan det andra och fjortonde passet. Därefter jämfördes förändringen mellan grupperna. Resultat Den enda signifikanta förändringen i båda träningsgrupperna för sig noterades i det funktionella testet, med en ökning av den maximala styrkan (p=0,03 för kontraktionsgruppen; p=0,03 för relaxationsgruppen). En ökning av totalbelastningen i antal kg per träningspass noterades, men ökningarna var inte signifikanta. Vid en jämförelse av träningseffekterna av relaxations- och kontraktionsträning av biceps brachii tillsammans uppnåddes statistisk signifikans såväl avseende ökning av omkrets (p=0,0136), för maximal styrka (p=0,0002) som för den totala belastningen mellan det andra och fjortonde träningspasset (p= 0,0293). Slutsats Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att inga tydliga skillnader mellan träningsgrupperna kunnat urskiljas. Om resultaten för de båda träningsgrupperna sammanvägs uppnås en signifikant ökning av såväl omkrets som maximal styrka.