Background: Researchers and research ethics boards (REBs) in Toronto were unprepared for the SARS outbreak. There is a paucity of literature about how to review emergency-related protocols during a public emergency and so REBs had no guidance about how to review SARS-related protocols. Research questions: The thesis presents four related research inquiries based on the following four objectives: 1) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the one-year outcomes in SARS survivors; 2) to explore the ethical issues that emerged during the conduct of the SARS outcomes study; 3) to understand the impact of the SARS outbreak on research ethics review (RER) of SARS-related protocols; and 4) to propose a new framework of RER for use during public emergencies. Methods: Included in this thesis are an observational study, an analytic reflection, a grounded theory study, and a translation of the knowledge gained in the first three parts of the thesis into a framework of RER that is meaningful and actionable. Results: Part I describes the recovery made by SARS survivors from their acute illness. In part II, I explore ethical issues that arose during the conduct of the study including: social and scientific value and scientific validity of emergency research, and respect for privacy and confidentially. Part III presents a theory about how researchers, REBs and public health interacted during the outbreak and in part IV I propose ‘emergency review’ a framework for RER for use during a publicly declared emergency. Conclusions: The natural experiment that was the SARS outbreak in Toronto revealed the vulnerabilities in the structure of REBs. I highlight three conclusions which are the highest priority to provide further development in this field. These are: 1) when REBs, researchers and public health are not effectively communicating during a public emergency, the work of each group is disrupted; 2) institutional conflict of interest occurred during the research ethics review of SARS-related protocols and may be amplified during a public emergency and 3) there is a need for a multi-site review structure that could be activated on short notice to review protocols related to the emergency situation.

Justice is a key guiding ethical principle in bioethics. When justice is addressed in bioethics the focus is primarily on the fair distribution of resources, that is, distributive justice. In this thesis, I argue that a distributive conception of justice is unable to adequately address many of the relevant issues of justice within bioethics. These issues are better understood and addressed using a social conception of justice. Social justice is concerned with ensuring that the norms and rules of social structures are fair and equitable. I argue that social and distributive justice are not only compatible, but also complementary. As a result, both conceptions of justice need to be applied to bioethical issues if we are to achieve a truly just outcome. As a case study, I apply this analysis to the controversial issue of the inclusion of pregnant women in clinical research trial.

Background: Researchers and research ethics boards (REBs) in Toronto were unprepared for the SARS outbreak. There is a paucity of literature about how to review emergency-related protocols during a public emergency and so REBs had no guidance about how to review SARS-related protocols. Research questions: The thesis presents four related research inquiries based on the following four objectives: 1) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the one-year outcomes in SARS survivors; 2) to explore the ethical issues that emerged during the conduct of the SARS outcomes study; 3) to understand the impact of the SARS outbreak on research ethics review (RER) of SARS-related protocols; and 4) to propose a new framework of RER for use during public emergencies. Methods: Included in this thesis are an observational study, an analytic reflection, a grounded theory study, and a translation of the knowledge gained in the first three parts of the thesis into a framework of RER that is meaningful and actionable. Results: Part I describes the recovery made by SARS survivors from their acute illness. In part II, I explore ethical issues that arose during the conduct of the study including: social and scientific value and scientific validity of emergency research, and respect for privacy and confidentially. Part III presents a theory about how researchers, REBs and public health interacted during the outbreak and in part IV I propose ‘emergency review’ a framework for RER for use during a publicly declared emergency. Conclusions: The natural experiment that was the SARS outbreak in Toronto revealed the vulnerabilities in the structure of REBs. I highlight three conclusions which are the highest priority to provide further development in this field. These are: 1) when REBs, researchers and public health are not effectively communicating during a public emergency, the work of each group is disrupted; 2) institutional conflict of interest occurred during the research ethics review of SARS-related protocols and may be amplified during a public emergency and 3) there is a need for a multi-site review structure that could be activated on short notice to review protocols related to the emergency situation.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2007.

Thesis (M.A.)--Wake Forest University. Dept. of Religion, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-79)

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1999. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-173).

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1999. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-173).

Throughout the past few decades, as global health trips for undergraduates and medical students began to increase in popularity, so did the topic of global health ethics. While there has been much research on the regulations for medical students' global health experiences, the same cannot be said for their undergraduate counterparts (Mccall & Iltis, 2014). Given the numerous pre-medical students attending these trips, it is vital to understand their motivations and bring light to the ethical issues that might occur. Intense literature analysis and a global health survey completed by students at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine were used in this paper to weigh the benefits against the costs of these trips. Although there are ethical dilemmas, comparing undergraduate global health trips to medical school trips shows that there may be steps that can be taken to improve trips and avoid severe ethical issues. Undergraduate universities and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) could vet and post approved programs for their pre-medical students. This and increased efforts to inform people of ethical problems associated with global health would allow students to benefit from their trip while minimizing ethical costs to the country and themselves. / Urban Bioethics

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This paper investigates the prolongevitist debate; that is, the debate surrounding whether to extend human lifespans through medical technology (prolongevitism) or not (apologism). Apologists such as Daniel Callahan emphasize an approach to this debate which focuses on social self-criticism and ideology. I investigate the way the ideology of medicine Callahan describes enables modern medicine to dominate the body and discover that this ideology relies on a dualist conceptual structure. I describe the way in which mind/body dualism functions as an important component of this ideology of domination. By identifying this dualist structure as an essential component of the ideology of medicine, I make it possible to critique and find alternatives to potential solutions to this ideology of medicine. Through this strategy, I criticize standard apologist responses to the prolongevitist debate. While I share the apologist concern regarding the ideology of medicine, I believe their response to the problem of ideology is inadequate. I find alternative answers to the question of how to overcome the ideology of the body through theories of discourse and phenomenology. My new approach emphasizes cultivating a positive embodiment relationship through phenomenological practices and the criticism and creation of new discourses of the body. / Dissertation / Master of Arts (MA)