Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 serafim_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 486435 bytes, checksum: 6c363e092a0ef3c41e066dbc9bdc61b8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes doses de água residuária de suinocultura na produção e composição química da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, no período de 12 de fevereiro de 2008 a 29 de abril de 2009. Os tratamentos consistiram de: tratamento 1 = testemunha (0 m³ de água residuária de suinocultura ha-1); tratamento 2 = 100 m³ ha-1; tratamento 3 = 200 m³ ha-1; tratamento 4 = 300 m³ ha-1 e tratamento 5 = 600 m³ ha-1. As adubações foram divididas em oito aplicações, a cada 60 dias e o corte da forragem realizou-se quando a mesma atingia altura de 30 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As médias foram comparadas pelo programa “SISVAR” e o teste utilizado foi o de Tukey. O experimento consistiu na avaliação do terceiro ano da aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura na Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, e iniciou-se em fevereiro de 2008 com o corte de uniformização das parcelas e a primeira aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção de massa seca (kg MS ha-1), forragem acumulada (kg MS ha-1 ano-1), taxa de acúmulo de forragem (kg MS ha-1 dia-1), teores médios de massa seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, hemicelulose, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e potássio. Foram observadas interações entre as doses de água residuária de suinocultura e os cortes em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Quanto à produção de massa seca, as doses de 300 e 600 m³ apresentaram os maiores valores e diferiram-se das demais (P<0,05). A taxa de acúmulo de forragem foi influenciada pela produção de forragem acumulada, e apresentou o mesmo comportamento, sendo superior nas doses de 300 e 600 m³... / In the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different quantities of swine wastewater in the production and chemical composition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, from February 12, 2008 to April 29, 2009. The treatments were: treatment 1 = control (0 m³ of swine wastewater ha-1); treatment 2 = 100 m³ ha-1; treatment 3 = 200 m³ ha-1; treatment 4 = 300 m³ ha-1 and treatment 5 = 600 m³ ha-1. Fertilization was divided into eight applications every 60 days and cut the grass held up when it reached a height of 30 cm. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and five treatments in a split plot in time. Means were compared by SISVAR and the test used was Tukey. The experiment consisted in evaluating the third year of application of swine wastewaster in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, and began in February 2008 with the unification of cutting portions and the first swine wastewater application. The parameters evaluated were: dry matter production (kg DM ha-1), accumulated forage (kg DM ha-1 yr-1), rate of forage accumulation (kg DM ha-1 day-1), mean levels dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and hemicellulose, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Interactions were observed between the levels of swine wastewater and cuts across all parameters. The production of dry weight, the quantities of 300 and 600 m³ showed the highest values and differed from the others (P <0.05). The rate of forage accumulation was influenced by forage production and accumulated had the same pattern, with higher quantities of 300 and 600 m³. The average content of crude protein were higher (P <0.05) at quantities of 300 and 600 m³ when compared to the control, indicating proportional increase in function of quantities. The lowest NDF and ADF were obtained with the application of the highest dose of swine wastewater... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:52:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 portes_za_me_botfca.pdf: 650238 bytes, checksum: 5f0b05c83441fa5ab85c14bd88a0f89c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Nos últimos anos, o setor agropecuário do Brasil vem se modernizando, e com isto provocando um aumento significativo na demanda de energia, no volume de dejetos animais e nos restos de cultura, ocasionando muitas vezes problemas de ordem sanitária, gerando desconforto e perigo à saúde devido o alto teor de substâncias patogênicas presentes nestes resíduos. Uma alternativa bastante eficiente para estes problemas é a reciclagem controlada destes resíduos em biodigestores, que podem converter os dejetos de animais de um problema em um benefício. Pois, a biodigestão resulta em dois subprodutos: um gás rico em metano denominado biogás e um fertilizante, uma espécie de lodo, que é o resíduo da matéria orgânica depois de fermentada, chamado biofertilizante. Desta forma, os biodigestores podem promover o suprimento de energia e fertilizante para os produtores rurais. Este trabalho enfoca a importância dos biodigestores em áreas rurais, apresenta técnicas que auxiliam tanto os projetistas como também os edificadores e operadores de biodigestores, discute os cálculos dos parâmetros para o projeto e construção de biodigestores, considerando os tipos e quantidades de resíduos presentes na propriedade rural e propõe um programa computacional para facilitar tais cálculos. / Lately, the Brazilian farming and cattle rising sector has been improving it self, and hereby, promoting a significant rising on energy demand, on animal screments mass, and a culture residues. It often causes problems of sanitary character, producing discomfort and danger to health due to the strong content of pathogenic substances that appear in these residues. A very efficient alternative is the controlled recycling of these residues in the biodigestors, inverting the problem into benefits, since the biodigestion results in two derivates: an abundant gas in methane, named biogas, and a fertilizer, with a mire aspect, which is the organic matter residue after fermented, named biofertilizer. Thus, the biodigestors may promote energy and fertilizer supply for the agricultural producers. This work focuses on the importance of biodigestors in the field, introduces techniques that help both designers and biodigestor builders and operators. Besides, it discusses the calculus of parameters for the design and building of biodigestors, considering the kind and amounts of residues, which are present at the home farm. Finally, it presents computational software for favoring such calculus.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / This study aimed to identify cultivation techniques with biofertilizer in greenhouse and open field with fig culture in Limoeiro do Norte-CE, including three production cycles, from October 2010 to December 2011. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plot with four replications. Treatments included a combination of 3 cultivation environments: greenhouse (EST), trellis (LT) and open field (CA), which constituted the plots with 4 treatments in sub plots, consisting of 4 concentrations (biofertilizer: water) in the following way : T0 (0% biofertilizer: 100% water); T1 (20% biofertilizer: 80% water), T2 (40% biofertilizer: 60% water), T3 (60% biofertilizer: 40% water), in which there were applied 3,0 L of biofertilizer per plant every 15 days. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and when significant by F test, average tests were conducted by the tukey test at 5% probability and those concerning to biofertilizer levels were submitted to regression analysis. The amount of N in the leaf dry matter increased 19%, 21% and 11%, with the growth in biofertilizer doses, for three cycles, respectively. As for P and K, increments were 25.0%, 7.0% and 13% and 12.6%, 10.5% and 29.4%, respectively, following the cycles. In the first cycle there was no significant difference between the average yield of 10.44 and 10.14 t ha-1 observed in the LT and in the EST, respectively, but they were statistically higher to that one obtained in CA with 9.62 t ha-1. In the second cycle environment did not affect significantly the variable productivity. In the third cycle the LT showed fruit yield of 6.47 t ha-1, significantly higher than those detected in EST and in CA with 4.37 and 3.81 t h-1, respectively. As for the total yield there was no significant difference between the averages 18.83 and 18.27 t ha-1, obtained in the EST and in the CA, respectively, however, they were statistically lower than that one obtained in the TL with 22.49 t ha-1. Based on the analysis of the three cycles, it can be stated as a general conclusion, that there is viability of fig organic cultivation with biofertilizer in protected low-cost type trellis, in the semiarid. And as specific conclusions, it can be stated that: the maximum temperature in the trellis environment is up to 3.1 oC lower than the one in the greenhouse, but up to 1.7 oC higher than that one observed in the open field; the relative humidity in the open atmosphere is up to 4.1% higher than the one in the greenhouse, and up to 3.7% higher than the one in the trellis. Water consumption in the trellis represented 87.3% of the registered in open field, but it was 16.4% higher of the registered in the greenhouse; plants grown in protected fields showed higher growth especially those grown in greenhouses; the biofertilizer applied to the soil increased the N, P2O5 and K2O concentration in the leaf dry matter and the 60% dose was the one that provided the best nutritional adequacy for the plant; the fruit weight, the fruit yield per plant and the fruit yield increased with the growth of biofertilizer dose applied to the soil and showed greater increases in plants grown on trellis; cultivation under greenhouse conditions allowed increased productivity and diseases more efficient control, especially rust; yields decreased in the second and third cycles due to LAI increase observed in these two cycles compared to the first one. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar tÃcnicas de cultivo com biofertilizante em ambiente protegido e a campo aberto com a cultura do figo em Limoeiro do Norte, CE, contemplando trÃs ciclos de produÃÃo, no perÃodo de outubro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetiÃÃes. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinaÃÃo de 03 ambientes de cultivo, estufa (EST), latada (LT) e campo aberto (CA), que constituÃram as parcelas, com 4 tratamentos nas sub parcelas, constituÃdos de 04 concentraÃÃes (biofertilizante:Ãgua) na seguinte forma: T0 (0% de biofertilizante : 100% de Ãgua); T1 (20% de biofertilizante : 80% de Ãgua); T2 (40% de biofertilizante : 60% de Ãgua); T3 (60% de biofertilizante : 40% de Ãgua), onde aplicaram-se 3,0L da soluÃÃo biofertilizante por planta a cada 15 dias. Os dados foram submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia e quando significativos pelo teste F, realizaram-se testes de mÃdias pelo teste de tukey a 5% de probabilidade e os referentes aos nÃveis de biofertilizante foram submetidos à anÃlise de regressÃo. Os teores de N na matÃria seca foliar aumentaram em 19%, 21% e 11%, com o crescimento das doses de biofertilizante, para os trÃs ciclos, respectivamente. Quanto ao P e o K os incrementos foram de 25,0 %, 7,0 % e 13 % e de 12,6%, 10,5% e 29,4%, respectivamente, na sequÃncia dos ciclos. No primeiro ciclo nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre as produtividades mÃdias de 10,44 e 10,14 t ha-1 verificadas na LT e na EST, respectivamente, mas que foram estatisticamente superiores à obtida em CA com 9,62 t ha-1. No segundo ciclo o ambiente nÃo influenciou significativamente a variÃvel produtividade. Jà no terceiro ciclo a LT apresentou rendimento de fruto de 6,47 t ha-1, significativamente superior aos detectados na EST e a CA com 4,37 e 3,81 t h-1, respectivamente. Quanto ao rendimento total nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre as mÃdias 18,83 e 18,27 t ha-1 desta obtidas na EST e a CA, respectivamnte, contudo, foram estatisticamente inferiores à obtida na LT, com 22,49 t ha-1. Com base na anÃlise dos trÃs ciclos, pode-se afirmar, como conclusÃo geral, que hà viabilidade de cultivo orgÃnico de figo com biofertilizante em ambiente protegido de baixo custo, tipo latada, no semiÃrido. E como conclusÃes especÃficas podem-se afirmar que: a temperatura mÃxima do ar no ambiente latada à inferior em atà 3,1 oC em relaÃÃo a estufa, mas superior em atà 1,7 oC à observada a campo aberto; a umidade relativa do ar no ambiente campo aberto à superior em atà 4,1% em relaÃÃo a estufa, e em atà 3,7 % à observada na latada. O consumo de Ãgua na latada representou 87,3% do registrado a campo aberto, mas foi superior em 16,4% ao registrado na estufa; plantas cultivadas nos ambientes protegidos apresentaram maior crescimento com destaque para as cultivadas em estufa; o biofertilizante aplicado ao solo incrementou a concentraÃÃo de N, P2O5 e K2O na matÃria seca foliar e a dose de 60% foi a que proporcionou a melhor adequaÃÃo nutricional à planta; o peso de fruto, a produÃÃo de fruto por planta e o rendimento de fruto, aumentaram com o crescimento da dose de biofertilizante aplicada ao solo e apresentaram maiores incrementos em plantas cultivadas na latada; o cultivo sob condiÃÃes de ambiente protegido possibilitou o aumento da produtividade e o controle mais eficiente de doenÃas, especialmente a ferrugem; as produtividades diminuiram no segundo e no terceiro ciclos em funÃÃo do aumento do IAF observado nestes dois ciclos em relaÃÃo ao primeiro.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Brasil à um dos maiores produtores mundiais de banana (Musa sp.), sendo responsÃvel por 10% de toda a produÃÃo mundial (FAO, 2002). Nessa perspectiva, percebe-se a necessidade de incrementar a sua produÃÃo, e dentre as estratÃgias adotadas, pode-se antecipar a fase de aclimataÃÃo, por meio da associaÃÃo de mudas de bananeiras com fungos micorrÃzicos arbusculares. Os biofertilizantes comumente se referem ao efluente resultante da fermentaÃÃo aerÃbia ou anaerÃbia de produtos orgÃnicos puros ou complementados com produtos minerais. SÃo utilizados na agricultura para vÃrios fins, e sua aplicaÃÃo promove a melhoria das propriedades fÃsicas e quÃmicas e estimulando a atividade biolÃgica. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de bananeiras submetidas à biofertirrigaÃÃo, aplicada em diferentes estÃdios de seu desenvolvimento, e da atividade da microbiota de um Cambissolo LatossÃlico EutrÃfico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetaÃÃo pertencente ao setor de Microbiologia do Solo do Departamento de CiÃncias do Solo da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em uma Ãrea de mata nativa, situada em Ãrea de cultivo comercial de bananeira, pertencente à Fazenda Frutacor Apodi, localizada no municÃpio de QuixerÃ, CearÃ. Foi considerado, para efeito de coleta, o solo a uma profundidade de 0 a 20 cm. Inicialmente, as amostras foram encaminhadas para o LaboratÃrio de Microbiologia do Solo do Departamento de CiÃncias do Solo, onde foi realizada anÃlise preliminar do solo para extraÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo das espÃcies de fungos micorrÃzicos arbusculares, que ocorriam de forma natural no solo. A anÃlise constou da extraÃÃo dos esporos, atravÃs da tÃcnica de peneiramento Ãmido (Gerdemann & Nicolson, 1963). O experimento constou de 12 tratamentos, com 09 repetiÃÃes; e 01 tratamento controle com 15 repetiÃÃes, totalizando 123 parcelas. Decorridos 30, 45 e 60 dias apÃs o plantio (DAP), foram retiradas 03 repetiÃÃes dos tratamentos, respectivamente, para avaliaÃÃo da colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular. No intervalo entre as etapas de plantio das mudas e inÃcio da aplicaÃÃo do biofertilizante, foi aplicada soluÃÃo nutritiva de Hewitt (1966) sem fÃsforo para todas as amostras, e para o tratamento controle (T13), foi aplicada soluÃÃo nutritiva completa com fÃsforo, semanalmente, atà 90 dias, apÃs aclimataÃÃo (Fase 1). A Fase 2, apÃs a aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos supramencionados, constou da avaliaÃÃo das seguintes caracterÃsticas: crescimento, teor dos elementos minerais na planta, colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular (tÃcnica de Phillips & Hayman, 1970 e Giovanetti & Mosse, 1980), determinaÃÃo do carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) segundo Vance et al. (1987), a respiraÃÃo basal do solo (RBS), quantificaÃÃo de CO2 liberado em mg de C-CO2/100 cm3 de solo, durante o intervalo de tempo utilizado no monitoramento, e o quociente metabÃlico (qCO2) calculado pela razÃo entre a respiraÃÃo basal e a biomassa microbiana-C (Anderson & Domsch, 1978). O experimento foi implantado por meio de um delineamento estatÃstico inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4. A mistura solo-areia recebeu biofertilizante em trÃs Ãpocas diferentes de aplicaÃÃo (30,45 e 60 dias apÃs o plantio das mudas), em quatro doses (0; 25; 50; 100%). Os dados foram submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia pelo teste F e comparaÃÃes nas mÃdias pelo teste de Duncan a 5% de probabilidade. ApÃs a avaliaÃÃo dos resultados, concluiu-se que a biofertilizaÃÃo da bananeira pode ocorrer aos 30 dias apÃs o plantio, sendo a concentraÃÃo de (100%), a mais adequada para o crescimento das plantas; O biofertilizante na dose de 100%, independente do perÃodo em que à iniciada, promoveu a produÃÃo de massa de matÃria seca e os teores dos macronutrientes (N, P, K, S, Ca, Na e Mg). Os parÃmetros microbiolÃgicos nÃo foram influenciados pelas doses, nem Ãpocas de aplicaÃÃo do biofertilizante, à exceÃÃo do quociente metabÃlico (qCO2) que foi menor quando aplicada a dose 100% do biofertilizante. / Brazil is a major producer of banana (Musa sp.), Accounting for 10% of the total world production (FAO, 2002). From this perspective, we see the need to increase their production, and among the strategies adopted, one can anticipate the acclimatization phase, through the association of banana seedlings with mycorrhizal fungi. Biofertilizers commonly refer to the effluent resulting from aerobic or anaerobic fermentation of organic products alone or supplemented with mineral products. They are used in agriculture for various purposes, and its application promotes the improvement of physical and chemical properties and stimulating biological activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of banana plants subjected to biofertilizer irrigation applied at different stages of their development and activity of the microbiota of a Cambisol LatossÃlico Eutrophic. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the sector of Soil Microbiology, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Cearà (UFC). The soil used in the experiment was collected in an area of native vegetation, located in the area of commercial cultivation of banana, belonging to the Frutacor Tableland Farm, located in the city of QuixerÃ, CearÃ. Was considered, for purposes of collection, the soil to a depth of 0 to 20 cm. Initially, the samples were sent to the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Soil Science, where it recognized soil preliminary analysis for extraction and quantification of species of mycorrhizal fungi occurring naturally in the soil. The analysis consisted of extraction of spores, using the technique of wet sieving (Gerdemann & Nicolson, 1963). The experiment consisted of 12 treatments with 09 replicates, and 01 control treatment with 15 repetitions, totaling 123 plots. After 30, 45 and 60 days after planting (DAP, were removed 03 repetitions of the treatments, respectively, for evaluation of the mycorrhizal root. In the interval between the stages of planting seedlings and early application of biofertilizer was applied nutrient solution Hewitt (1966) no phosphorus for all the samples and the control treatment (T13) were given a complete nutrient solution with phosphorus, weekly until 90 days after acclimatization (Phase 1). Phase 2, after application of the treatments mentioned above, the evaluation consisted of the following: growth, content of mineral nutrients in plant root colonization (technical Phillips & Hayman, 1970 and Giovanetti & Mosse, 1980), determination of soil microbial biomass (MBC) according to Vance et al. (1987), soil basal respiration (SBR), quantification of CO2 released in mg C-CO2/100 cm3 of soil, during the time interval used in monitoring, and metabolic quotient (qCO2) calculated by the ratio of respiration basal and microbial biomass-C (Anderson & Domsch, 1978). The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a factorial 3 x 4. The soilsand mixture biofertilizer received in three different times of application (30,45 and 60 days after planting the seedlings), in four doses (0, 25, 50, 100%). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compare the means by Duncan test at 5% probability. After evaluating the results, we concluded that the biofertilization banana may occur 30 days after planting, and the 100% concentration the most suitable for plant growth; The biofertilizer at 100% independent the period that is initiated, promoted the production of dry matter and the contents of macronutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Na and Mg). The microbiological parameters were not influenced by the doses or times of application of biofertilizer, except for the metabolic quotient (qCO2) which was lower when applied to 100% dose of biofertilizer.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiseleGarciaSousa.pdf: 2231623 bytes, checksum: 67e78538a3d4fabb3439a29790731e1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-29 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of boron doses and nest of termites material on growth components, concentration and accumulation of boron in shoots of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), grown in Red Distrophic Latosol. The experimental delineation was randomized completely, in factorial design 5 x 4, with five doses of boron (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 mg dm-3), and four doses of the material termites mound nest (0; 25; 50 e 75 g dm-3), with four replications. The experimental unit was composed of vessels with up to 700 cm3 samples. The experiment was conducted in green house at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of UFGD, in Dourados-MS. The higher values of production on dry matter of shoots, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll content are obtained by joint application of nest of termites material in maximum dose and between the two higher doses of B. The nest of termites material was low effective as boron source to promote changes on growth components of passion fruit plant, evaluates / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de doses de boro (B) e de material do cartão de cupinzeiro sobre componentes de crescimento, concentração e acúmulo de B na parte aérea de plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), cultivadas em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco doses de boro (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 mg dm-3), e quatro doses do material de cartão de cupinzeiro de montículo (0; 25; 50 e 75 g dm-3), com quatro repetições, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. A unidade experimental foi constituída por vasos com capacidade máxima para 700 cm3 de amostras. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da UFGD, em Dourados-MS. Os maiores valores de produção de massa seca da parte aérea, altura de plantas, área foliar, diâmetro de caule e teor de clorofila são alcançados pelas aplicações conjuntas de material do cartão na maior dose e entre as duas maiores doses de B. O material de cartão de cupinzeiro foi pouco efetivo como fonte de B para promover alterações nos componentes de crescimento do maracujazeiro, avaliados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiseleGarciaSousa.pdf: 2231623 bytes, checksum: 67e78538a3d4fabb3439a29790731e1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-29 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of boron doses and nest of termites material on growth components, concentration and accumulation of boron in shoots of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), grown in Red Distrophic Latosol. The experimental delineation was randomized completely, in factorial design 5 x 4, with five doses of boron (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 mg dm-3), and four doses of the material termites mound nest (0; 25; 50 e 75 g dm-3), with four replications. The experimental unit was composed of vessels with up to 700 cm3 samples. The experiment was conducted in green house at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of UFGD, in Dourados-MS. The higher values of production on dry matter of shoots, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and chlorophyll content are obtained by joint application of nest of termites material in maximum dose and between the two higher doses of B. The nest of termites material was low effective as boron source to promote changes on growth components of passion fruit plant, evaluates / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de doses de boro (B) e de material do cartão de cupinzeiro sobre componentes de crescimento, concentração e acúmulo de B na parte aérea de plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), cultivadas em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco doses de boro (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 mg dm-3), e quatro doses do material de cartão de cupinzeiro de montículo (0; 25; 50 e 75 g dm-3), com quatro repetições, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. A unidade experimental foi constituída por vasos com capacidade máxima para 700 cm3 de amostras. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da UFGD, em Dourados-MS. Os maiores valores de produção de massa seca da parte aérea, altura de plantas, área foliar, diâmetro de caule e teor de clorofila são alcançados pelas aplicações conjuntas de material do cartão na maior dose e entre as duas maiores doses de B. O material de cartão de cupinzeiro foi pouco efetivo como fonte de B para promover alterações nos componentes de crescimento do maracujazeiro, avaliados

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a resposta da cultura de melão conduzida em sistema orgânico a diferentes doses de substâncias húmicas extraídas de leonardita e esterco. Os tratamentos foram quatro doses de substâncias húmicas (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg.L-1 de solo) e esterco em combinação com dois biofertilizantes mais dois tratamentos adicionais utilizando fertilizantes convencionais com e sem esterco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com doze tratamentos e três repetições. Em função dos resultados obtidos, nas condições do experimento (solo com baixa CTC e baixo teor de matéria orgânica), pode-se concluir que: (i) a melhor resposta da cultura de melão (produtividade total e comercial, número de frutos comerciais e comprimento do fruto), conduzido em sistema orgânico de produção, na região de Petrolina-PE, é obtida com a adição de esterco; (ii) a produtividade total e comercial, o número total e comercial de frutos e a massa média de frutos de melão aumentaram com as doses de substâncias húmicas combinadas ao biofertilizante Agrobom; e (iii) não houve efeito da adição de esterco e das doses de substâncias húmicas, em combinação com caldas biofertilizantes aplicadas via fertirrigação na firmeza, na espessura da casca e no diâmetro da cavidade do fruto. / The present experiment had the aim of studying organic melon crop response to different rates of humic substances extracted from leonardite and manure. The treatments were four rates of humic substances (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg.L-1) and manure combined with two biofertilizers and two additional treatments using conventional fertilizers with and without manure. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with twelve treatments and three replications. The results (under similar soil conditions: low CEC and low organic matter content) allowed the following conclusions: (i) for all tested organic production systems, carried out at Petrolina, Pernambuco State (Brazil), the higher total and commercial yield, and the number and length of commercial melon fruits were obtained with manure addition; (ii) the higher rates of humic substances, combined with Agrobom biofertilizers, increased the total and commercial yield, the total and the commercial number and the mean mass of melon fruits; and (iii) there was no effect of manure addition and humic substances application (combined with two biofertilizers applied by fertigation) on the hardness, rind thickness and socket diameter of melon fruit.

Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior / Resumo: As demandas por energia e alimento aumentarão com as projeções do crescimento populacional mundial. O Brasil está entre os países com o desafio de atender essas demandas. O tratamento dos resíduos gerados na agropecuária tem potencial para produção de biogás e biofertilizante por meio de biodigestores, insumos essenciais para alavancar a produção de alimentos e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Com isso, analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e econômica da codigestão de cama de frango com batata doce ou mandioca visando aumentar a produção de energia e reciclagem de nutrientes dos resíduos da produção de frangos. A utilização de culturas energéticas para codigestão anaeróbia é uma inovação para geração de energia renovável em propriedades rurais e tem ganhado atenção em economias emergentes, que tem como desafio suportar a produção de alimentos com sustentabilidade. O ensaio foi realizado com três tratamentos, cama de frango, cama de frango com batata doce e cama de frango com mandioca. A codigestão com as culturas energéticas foram mais eficientes que a monodigestão. A mandioca superou a batata doce em 17,09% no rendimento médio de biogás diário e reduziu 12 e 3,32% mais sólidos totais e voláteis, respectivamente. No entanto, o potencial de biogás da batata doce 0,449 m3 kg-1SVad e da mandioca 0,457 m3 kg-1SVad não apresentaram diferença significativa, assim como os teores de metano com 61,92 e 61,79%, respectivamente, demonstrando o potencial equivalente das duas culturas na geraç... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Demand for energy and food will increase with projections of world population growth. Brazil is among the countries with the challenge of meeting these demands. The treatment of waste generated in agriculture has the potential to produce biogas and biofertilizer through biodigesters, essential inputs to leverage food production and sustainable development. With this, the technical and economic feasibility of codigestion of chicken with sweet potatoes or manioc was analyzed in order to increase energy production and recycling nutrients from chicken production residues. The use of energy crops for anaerobic codigestion is an innovation for the generation of renewable energy in rural properties and has gained attention in emerging economies, which have the challenge of supporting sustainable food production. The trial was carried out with three treatments, chicken bed, chicken bed with sweet potato and chicken bed with cassava. Codigestion with energy crops was more efficient than monodigestion. Cassava exceeded sweet potatoes by 17.09% in the average daily biogas yield and reduced 12 and 3.32% more total and volatile solids, respectively. However, the biogas potential of sweet potato 0.449 m3 kg-1SVad and cassava 0.457 m3 kg-1SVad did not show any significant difference, as well as the methane contents with 61.92 and 61.79%, respectively, demonstrating the equivalent potential of both cultures in the generation of bioenergy. In addition to the generation of renewable energy, th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

In the eutrophicated Baltic, algal blooms with toxin-producing algae and plant overgrowth is a large threat to the marine environment, humans and animals. The use of external nutrient inputs into agriculture, such as mineral fertilizers (NPK), is reaching the Baltic through runoff which causes a constant, linear nutrient flow from land to the sea, which is one of the main contributors to accelerated eutrophication. Beach-cast is rich in nutrients and plant promoting substances and was widely used as fertilizer on Gotland before the introduction of NPK. Nowadays large amounts of beach-cast are washed up on the shores of Gotland and most of it is not used. Using beach-cast as fertilizer could contribute to a decrease in external nutrient input into the Baltic and increase a circular flow of nutrients. This study was a part of a broader project operated by KTH with the purpose of evaluating beach-cast as a potential bioresource. The aim of this study was to examine the effects on nutritional content and crop size from the usage of composted beach-cast as fertilizer in comparison with the NPK fertilizer in outdoor cultivation of radish and carrots on Gotland. After the crops were cultivated and harvested, the mass of the root and haulm of the carrot and radishes was determined along with quantification of the content of carbohydrates, pigments, main vitamins and fatty acids. The result revealed a significant increase in 1) mass for three out of four (for all but the carrot root which borderlines the limit of 95% significance), 2) mass ratio between root/blast for the radish, 3) concentration of beta-carotene, vitamin A and fatty acids for the carrot root and 4) concentration of chlorophyll for both haulm. Other observed differences, although not statistically significant, was an increased carrot root mass, increased in concentration of anthocyanin for radish, unchanged mass ratio between carrot root/blast, increase B3 vitamin concentration for all crops, increased concentration of carbohydrates for carrots and decreased concentration for radish, decrease in fatty acids for carrot haulm and radish root and haulm and finally a decrease in vitamin C for all crops. The use of beach-cast as fertilizer has shown to induce growth of the crops, and the majority of the quality parameters were in the same range or exceeded in comparison with the crops cultivated with NPK. A complementary use of beach-cast fertilizer could thus prove beneficial for farmers and at the same time decrease the external nutrient input to the Baltic. / Algblomning och giftalger i övergödda Östersjön är ett stort hot för den marina miljön, människor och djur. Extern input av näringsämnen till lantbruket, i form av exempelvis mineralgödsel (NPK), når Östersjön via avrinning och orsakar en konstant, linjär näringstillförsel från land till hav, vilket är en av de huvudsakliga orsakerna till ökad övergödning. Det näringsrika släket innehåller växtbefrämjande ämnen och spelade en viktig roll i jordbruket på Gotland innan mineralgödsel introducerades. Idag spolas stora mängder släke upp på stränderna och det mesta läggs på hög utan att användas. Användning av släke som gödsel kan bidra till en minskning i extern input av näringsämnen till Östersjön och istället öka det cirkulära näringsflödet. Denna studie var en del av ett större projekt, drivet av KTH, vars syfte var att utvärdera släke som en potentiell bioresurs. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka den effekt släkegödsling hade på rädisor och morötter för dess storlek och näringshalt, i jämförelse med NPK, i frilandsodling på Gotland. Efter att grödorna odlats och skördats bestämdes massan och mängden kolhydrater, pigment, huvudsakliga vitaminer och fettsyror för rot och blast för båda grödor. Resultatet visade en signifikant ökning i 1) massa i tre av fyra fall (alla utom för morötterna som låg precis under gränsen för 95% statistisk signifikans), 2) förhållandet i massa mellan rot/blast för rädisorna, 3) betakarotenkoncentration vitamin A och fettsyror för morötterna och 4) klorofyllkoncentration i blasterna för båda grödorna. Övriga observerade skillnader, utan statistiskt signifikans, var en ökning i massa för morötterna, ökad koncentration av anthocyanin i rädisorna, ökad koncentration av kolhydrater för morötter inklusive blast, minskad koncentration av kolhydrater för rädisor inklusive blast och slutligen en minskning i vitamin C koncentration för samtliga fyra fall. Användning av släke i form av gödsel gav grödorna en ökad massa och majoriteten av kvalitetsparametrarna överskreds eller var inom samma spann i jämförelse med grödor odlade med NPK. Användning av släke som komplement till mineralgödsel kan därför vara förmånligt för odlare, och bidrar samtidigt till en minskad extern input av näringsämnen till Östersjön.

The study evaluates sustainability aspects of small scale biogas production in Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. Growing number of livestock (i.e. cows, sheep, chicken, pigs, and other domestic animals) in the region brings opportunity to produce biogas from livestock manure, leading to improve energy security especially in household, while contributing to renewable energy target which is 31% from Total Primary Energy Demand (TPES) in all sectors by 2050. Biogas potential from cattle, horse, buffalo, pig, sheep, goat, chicken and duck which own by household in all regencies within the province of Yogyakarta (i.e. Bantul, Gunung Kidul, Kulon Progo, Sleman, and City of Yogyakarta) are calculated. Biogas digesters types and options for biogas utilization are evaluated by set of indicators in terms of technical, economic and environmental dimensions. Performance of the four types of digesters (i.e. fixed dome, floating drum, polyethylene tubular and concrete tubular digester) are examined based on the dimensions. For digester assessment, the dimensions are divided into several indicators, such as the lifetime, process efficiency, capital cost, operation and maintenance cost, feed-to-water ratio. The assessment would ensure that installation of biogas have optimum technical performance, attractive investment for the owner, and does not exploit too much natural resources. Equal weighted sum method is used to compare the digesters performance. The second assessment is to evaluate options for off-grid electricity use and cooking based on several indicators which are levelized cost of energy (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-to-Cost Ratio (BCR), Payback period and emissions saving. The production of biofertilizer, which is not part of the current system, is taken into account for additional income for biodigester’s user. The study estimates 1,211.35 TJ/year of biogas energy can be produced from livestock manure or equals to 44.72% of the total energy consumption in the household sector in Yogyakarta province in 2013. Gunung Kidul Regency has the most potential biogas from livestock, followed by Kulon Progo, Sleman, Bantul, then City of Yogyakarta. Utilization of biogas for household cooking could reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the province up to 1,260.66 MtCO2e per year while biogas for electricity reduce 1,562.144 3   MtCO2e annually. The fixed dome digester obtains the highest score in the most of indicators assessed. For biogas utilization, biogas for cooking shows better performance in economic and environmental aspects. Biogas for cooking requires lower capital cost (US$ 850 less) and get higher NPV (US$ 2,000 more) than biogas for electricity. Yet, biogas for electricity save 301.48 MtCO2e more GHG emission than biogas for cooking. From digester and biogas utilization assessments, household biogas in Yogyakarta has been used the sustainable option for digester, which is fixed dome digester, and biogas utilization, which is biogas for cooking. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is done to know parameters that affect NPV for biogas for cooking and biogas for electricity. Biogas yields, fertilizer price, and LPG price are shown as the top three parameters that affect NPV for biogas for cooking utilization. While for biogas for electricity, the affecting parameter are electricity price, biogas yields, fertilizer price, and generator efficiency. From the sensitivity analysis, several recommendations were developed to maximize the current project. The recommendations are improvement of biogas stove efficiency, recommendation for biogas installation system, creating market demand for biogas by diminishing LPG subsidy, suggestion for progress monitoring and institutional recommendation for the program. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource done several monitoring to check whether the digester is still operating. However, there is no follow-up action for digester that is not operating anymore. On the other hand, Yayasan Rumah Energi (YRE), the main provider of biogas installation and service in Yogyakarta Province, conduct annual user survey. This survey focuses on satisfaction level of digester’s user after installation. Investigation regarding the impact of biogas project, such as energy shift from LPG to biogas and digestate utilization, is missing. Besides biogas for cooking, there are opportunity to develop biogas for electricity since several regencies in Yogyakarta does not have 100% electrification ratio, such as Gunung Kidul (82%) and City of Yogyakarta (69%). Due to available biogas potential, development of biogas for electricity in Gunung Kidul is more promising than in City of Yogyakarta. Additionally, research of biogas in Indonesia should be integrated with industries and private sector. For instance, by mass production of low cost generator which had been developed by Indonesian Institute for Sciences (LIPI) and by developing mini grid installation for biogas.