CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / nÃo hà / O presente estudo intencionou investigar a prÃtica de avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem realizada junto aos alunos de turnos diurno e noturno do curso de Pedagogia de uma InstituiÃÃo de Ensino Superior (IES) da rede pÃblica, na cidade de Fortaleza-CE, refletindo sobre um modo de construÃÃo avaliativa que considere os fatores biopsicossociais dos discentes. Especificamente, intencionou-se: identificar um perfil dos alunos dos turnos diurno e noturno do curso de Pedagogia da IES investigada; descrever os problemas relacionados aos fatores biolÃgicos, psicolÃgicos e sociais mais apontados pelos discentes, vivenciados por eles como empecilhos a um bom rendimento acadÃmico; elencar os tipos de avaliaÃÃes realizados atualmente no curso de Pedagogia da IES pesquisada; analisar a visÃo dos docentes e discentes sobre o processo de construÃÃo das avaliaÃÃes realizadas com os alunos desse curso, assim como seus resultados para o desenvolvimento e autonomia discente. O campo teÃrico da AvaliaÃÃo Educacional atualmente desenvolvido promove uma avaliaÃÃo de natureza formativa, a fim de minimizar os efeitos da cultura do exame, ainda identificada no ensino brasileiro. Nesse contexto, à necessÃrio aliar-se à didÃtica para melhor desenvolver a aprendizagem do educando, tornando-o mais autÃnomo e seguro de sua formaÃÃo. Enfatizase, pois, o importante papel do professor para uma mediaÃÃo pedagÃgica eficiente no contexto universitÃrio. Para esse propÃsito, realizou-se uma investigaÃÃo de natureza qualiquantitativa, na forma de um estudo de caso, perfazendo um total de 350 sujeitos investigados, sendo 340 alunos e 10 professores do curso de Pedagogia da IES estudada. Os dados foram coletados no perÃodo de novembro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011, na cidade de Fortaleza-CearÃ. A anÃlise dos dados confirmou a validaÃÃo da pesquisa e dos depoimentos dos professores e alunos sobre a avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem no Ensino Superior, como previstos nas hipÃteses propostas pelo estudo. Os modelos de avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem, realizados atualmente no curso de Pedagogia da IES, consideram os fatores biopsicossociais como elementos importantes na construÃÃo do processo avaliativo dos alunos como um todo, principalmente os do curso noturno, mesmo ainda nÃo apresentando Ãndices ideais. Conclui-se que, apesar de ainda existirem alguns indÃcios de prÃtica, por parte de alguns docentes, da utilizaÃÃo de um mÃtodo didÃtico tradicional expositivo e de uma avaliaÃÃo baseada na cultura do exame, jà se observa a presenÃa de mÃtodos mais formativos e participativos, que consideram os fatores biopsicossociais dos discentes, visando a um desenvolvimento integral do estudante.

Introduction : Les modalités physiothérapiques et l’onguent de lidocaïne sont des traitements offerts en première ligne pour traiter la vestibulodynie provoquée (VP). Leur efficacité à réduire la douleur lors des relations sexuelles a été étudiée, mais peu d’informations concernant leurs effets sur les variables biopsychosociales sont connues. L’objectif du projet était de comparer les effets des modalités physiothérapiques à ceux de la lidocaïne sur les variables biopsychosociales des femmes atteintes de VP. Méthodes : Un essai clinique randomisé bicentrique avec groupes parallèles à double insu a été mené auprès de femmes atteintes de VP. Les interventions avaient une durée de dix semaines. Les données ont été collectées lors de l’évaluation initiale, à deux semaines post-traitement et au suivi à six mois. Les variables biologiques étudiées étaient la fonction et la morphométrie des muscles du plancher pelvien, ainsi que la perfusion du vestibule. Les variables psychologiques étaient la dramatisation, l’humeur dépressive, le trait d’anxiété, les peurs de la douleur et de la pénétration vaginale ainsi que l’insécurité d’attachement. Les variables sociales incluaient la perception du soutien conjugal reçu par la femme et la satisfaction conjugale. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées avec des modèles multiniveaux du changement par morceaux. Résultats : Un total de 212 femmes ont pris part à l’étude (lidocaïne n = 107, modalités physiothérapiques n = 105), 94 ont terminé le projet pour les modalités physiothérapiques et 100 pour la lidocaïne. En comparaison avec l’onguent, les modalités physiothérapiques semblent améliorer davantage ces variables biologiques : l’ouverture vaginale maximale, la force maximale et la vitesse de contraction, ainsi que ces variables psychologiques : la dramatisation et les peurs de la douleur et de la pénétration vaginale en post-traitement. Conclusion : Les modalités physiothérapiques semblent entraîner davantage d’améliorations aux plans biologique et psychologique que la lidocaïne topique chez les femmes atteintes de VP.

Epileptic seizures are usually stressful episodes for individuals, not least as they are often experienced in public. Most research into epilepsy has been conducted in Western cultures, and we know little about the experiences of people with epilepsy and living in Middle Eastern countries. This study aims to examine the influence of social comparison on the perception of quality of life for people with epilepsy in Iran and in the United Kingdom. Three studies were completed. Two studies were qualitative; exploring individuals’ experiences of living with epilepsy and investigating coping strategies, respectively, (UK = 10, Iran = 10), for each study. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The third quantitative study was examined to determine whether social comparison dimensions, (upward negative, upward positive, downward negative, downward positive), predict quality of life in both countries, (N = 100 for each country), and a hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyse data. The first study indicated people compare themselves to others and the unpredictable nature of a seizure causes individuals to perceive negative feelings and experience anxiety, furthermore urinary incontinence attached to seizures appeared to leave people feeling ashamed and anxious. Study two revealed that whilst Iranian people used emotion-focused coping strategies, individuals from the United Kingdom applied problem-focused coping strategies. In Iran religious coping strategies were used to cope with incontinency; however positive social comparison (downward) was used as a coping strategy for incontinency in the United Kingdom. Study three found that self-esteem was the main predictor for quality of life in Iran and the United Kingdom. Whilst a seizure’s severity negatively predicts quality of life in the United Kingdom, positive social comparison (upward) accounted for quality of life in Iran. This study suggests that providing positive role models can help Iranians have a better perception for their quality of life, whereas British people potentially maximise their quality of life through seizure management.

Doctor of Philosophy / School of Family Studies and Human Services / Briana S. Goff / Human sex trafficking is a complex and unique phenomenon involving the commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of persons by means of force, fraud, or coercion. The purpose of this study was to investigate unique patterns of trauma exposure and biopsychosocial health among a sample of CSE survivors. Results from a latent profile analysis with 135 adults trafficked in the United States yielded three distinct survivor sub-groups: mildly distressed, moderately distressed, and severely distressed. The mildly distressed class (18.5%) was characterized by the lowest reports of trauma exposure and an absence of clinically significant psycho-social stress symptoms. The moderately distressed class (48.89%) endorsed comparatively medial levels of trauma exposure, as well as clinically significant disturbance in six domains of psycho-social health. The severely distressed class (32.59%) reported the highest degree of trauma exposure and exhibited clinically significant symptoms of pervasive psycho-social stress across all domains assessed. To better understand variation in CSE survivors’ engagement with formal support services, this study also examined differences in help-seeking attitudes and intentions between latent classes. Results indicated that compared to those in the mildly and moderately distressed classes, severely distressed survivors endorsed significantly more unfavorable attitudes toward seeking professional help, along with no intention to seek help from any source when facing a personal or emotional crisis. Findings from this study provide a snapshot of significant heterogeneity in trauma exposure and biopsychosocial health among CSE survivors, as well as associated differences in help-seeking attitudes and intentions. The identification of distinct survivor sub-groups in these and future analyses mark an important intermediate step toward developing empirically-testable support services that are specifically designed to meet the unique needs of CSE survivors.

Although almost 16,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer each year, the incident rates have remained stable over recent years, and mortality has decreased consistently since 1975 (American Cancer Society, 2016). With increased survivorship, research and practice in pediatric oncology has focused more on the psychosocial well-being of patients during and after treatment. With research repeatedly indicating that patients and families appear to exhibit great resilience and adjustment, and low incidences of psychosocial difficulties (e.g., Kazak, 1994, Eiser et al. 2000), some researchers have examined adaptive style as a possible construct that may help explain the predominantly positive outcomes (e.g., Phipps and Srivastava, 1997). The current study examined adaptive styles and coping strategies in youth diagnosed with cancer to determine relationships between these variables, as well as between each of these constructs and measures of subjective well-being, and psychosocial and educational adjustment. This study was also the first to examine relationships between youth and parent adaptive styles. A total of 180 youth between 9 and 17 years old who have been diagnosed with cancer participated in this study. Each youth also had one parent who participated. Each youth participant completed a packet of self-report measures used to determine adaptive style group, coping strategy use, and subjective well-being scores. Each parent participant completed a questionnaire to provide sociodemographic information about the youth and parent, as well as information about their child’s illness and school experience. Parents also completed a packet of measures used to provide information about their child’s psychosocial adjustment and risk and to determine parent adaptive style. Data were analyzed to examine relationships between parent and youth adaptive style, group differences on measures of subjective well-being, psychosocial adjustment/risk, and academic variables, relationships between adaptive style and coping strategy use, and the predictive strength of adaptive style and coping strategies for the outcome variables. Although the distribution of adaptive styles was similar among participants in the current study compared to those in previous studies of adaptive style for Repressive, Low Anxious, and Defensive High Anxious adaptive styles, there was a higher percentage of participants with High Anxious adaptive style in the current study. A statistically significant bidirectional relationship was found between youth and parents with a Repressive adaptive style. Results revealed significant differences between groups on measures of subjective well-being and internalizing behaviors, with Repressive adaptive displaying the highest subjective well-being and lowest internalizing behavior scores. Repressive and Low Anxious adaptive style differed significantly from the two High Anxious groups on the school scale scores, with the Repressive and Low Anxious groups having more positive outcomes on the measure. Relating to coping strategies, youth in the two High Anxious groups used more strategies all together, including both adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. However adaptive strategies were more frequently related to positive adaptive styles and outcomes, while non-adaptive strategies tended to have a stronger relationship to High Anxious adaptive style and negative outcomes. Limitations are discussed, and suggestions for future research and practical implications are offered, based on the results of the current study.

No description available.

Background: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for peer victimization in schools. Due to the deficits in their social, cognitive, and adaptive skills, these children face greater challenges to stand up for themselves thus, facing continued victimization.   Aim: This systematic literature review sought to critically identify the existing literature on predictors and outcomes which are associated with peer victimization in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in a school environment using the Biopsychosocial model. Method: To conduct this study, a systematic search procedure was formulated to retrieve relevant scholarly articles from the chosen databases. Peer reviewed journals were searched to retrieve articles from education, psychology, and social sciences, published in English language between years 2000-2020. Only studies with children and adolescents ages 6 - 21 years were considered. A total of eight articles with five cross-sectional, two cohort, and one case-control studies qualified to answer the research questions. Results: Findings varied across the social and psychological aspects. Social predictors and outcomes were found to be dominant for peer victimization. Internalizing Behaviour Disorders as a whole was identified as a psychological predictor with low self-esteem and depressive feelings as individual predictors and outcomes of peer victimization. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to peer victimization due to deficits in disability characteristics. Exposure to peer victimization can pose serious consequences on their social and psychological well-being. Implications for future research and methodological limitations of this study are also discussed.

Background: During covid-19, restrictions were introduced that restricted public gatherings. This particularly affected the age group 70 years and older, and the elderly's ability to perform physical activity in groups.  Aim: The purpose was to investigate how the return to physical exercise in groups after covid-19, affects the health of the elderly from a biopsychosocial perspective.  Method: A qualitative interview study with five participants. The inclusion criteria were people over the age of 70 who participated in group training for a period of at least one year before the closure of Meeting Points in Uppsala and refrained from training in groups due to pandemic. Spoke and understood the Swedish language. Qualitative content analysis was used in the data processing. Results: The return affected the informants both physically, socially and mentally. Responses about the physical return were improved mobility, less pain and increased muscle strength, but also the impact of physical return was experienced. Due to the social aspect, the informants answered that the return gave belonging with reduced loneliness and more social behavior. The psychological factors in respect to the return were increased joy, hope and the ability to think. For some, however, no effect was felt on the ability to think when returning. Conclusion: Biopsychosocial health expressed the participants were physical capacity, social well-being and mental well-being and an important reason why they participate in the Meeting Points group-training. All the biopsychosocial aspects of group-training were absent at the social constraints during covid-19 and were more clearly experienced at the return.Physical activity in groups is therefore important for the elderly's biopsychosocial health, especially in times when social interaction is subject to restrictions. / Bakgrund: Under covid-19 infördes restriktioner som begränsade allmänna sammankomster. Detta påverkade särskilt åldersgruppen 70 år och äldres möjlighet att utföra fysisk aktivitet i grupp. Syfte: Undersöka hur återgång efter covid-19, till fysisk träning i grupp påverkar äldres hälsa ur ett biopsykosocialt perspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med fem deltagare. Inklusionskriterierna var personer över 70 år som deltagit i gruppträning under en period av minst ett år innan nedstängningen på Träffpunkter i Uppsala och avstått från att träna i grupp p.g.a. pandemin. Talade och förstod svenska språket. Vid databearbetningen användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatsammanfattning: Återgången påverkade informanterna både fysiskt, socialt och psykiskt. Svar om den fysiska återgången var förbättrad rörelseförmåga, mindre smärta och ökad muskelstyrka, men också opåverkan av fysisk återgång upplevdes. Till den sociala aspekten i det biopsykologiska perspektivet svarade informanterna att återgången gav tillhörighet med minskad ensamhet och mer socialt beteende. De psykologiska faktorerna vid återgången var ökad glädje, hopp och tankeförmåga. För vissa upplevdes dock ingen påverkan av tankeförmågan vid återgången. Slutsats: Biopsykosocial hälsa uttryckte deltagarna var fysiska kapacitet, sociala välbefinnande och psykiska välmående och en viktig anledning till att de medverkar i Träffpunkternas gruppträning. Alla de biopsykosociala aspekterna av gruppträningen saknades vid de sociala begränsningarna under covid-19 och upplevdes tydligare vid återgången. Anpassade aktiviteter för att fortsätta fysisk aktivitet i grupp är därför viktigt för de äldres biopsykosociala hälsa speciellt i tider då det sociala umgänget beläggs med restriktioner.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is common in primary care worldwide. A patient-centered biopsychosocial approach has been shown to be effective for treatment of CLBP. Research has shown that strength training can reduce pain, increase function, increased self-confidence as well as counteract fear of movement. Purpose: To investigate physiotherapists' experiences of using strength training for individuals with CLBP.Method: A qualitative interview study with descriptive design was conducted. A purposive convenience sample was applied, resulting in six physiotherapists being interviewed. The collected material was analyzed by a manifest inductive content analysis. Result: The analysis resulted in five categories as well as 15 subcategories. The categories were "Patients need to be motivated to perform strength training", "Strength training needs to be individualized", "Pain and fear is an obstacle to strength training", "Strength training has beneficial effects" and "Strength training often combined with other treatment".  Conclusion: The conclusion was made that treating CLBP using strength training was complex. The physiotherapists' experiences emphasized the difficulties, benefits, and drawbacks of using strength training for CLBP, as well as emphasizing the benefits of using individualized training together with behavioral medicine and a holistic approach. / Bakgrund: Långvarig ländryggssmärta är vanligt förekommande inom primärvården världen över. Ett patientcentrerat förhållningssätt där biopsykosociala faktorer tas i beaktning har visats effektiv i behandlingen av patientgruppen. Styrketräning vid långvarig smärta kan ge en effekt av minskad smärta, ökad funktion, ökat självförtroende och kan användas för att motarbeta rörelserädsla.Syfte: Att undersöka fysioterapeuters erfarenheter vid användning av styrketräning som behandling av individer med långvarig ländryggssmärta. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med deskriptiv design genomfördes. Ett ändamålsenligt bekvämlighetsurval tillämpades vilket resulterade i att sex fysioterapeuter intervjuades utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Det insamlade materialet analyserades genom en manifest induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Dataanalysen resulterade i fem kategorier och 15 underkategorier, Kategoriernas namn var ”Patienterna behöver motiveras till att utföra styrketräning”, ”Styrketräningen behöver individanpassas”, ”Rädsla och smärtan utgör ett hinder för styrketräningen”, ”Styrketräning ger goda effekter” och ”Styrketräning ofta i kombination med annan behandling”.  Slutsats: Slutsatsen drogs att ordinering av styrketräning vid långvarig ländryggssmärta var komplext. Fysioterapeuternas erfarenheter belyser svårigheter med att nyttja styrketräning vid långvarig ländryggssmärta, styrketräningens styrkor och begräsningar samt att det är fördelaktigt att arbeta individanpassat med ett beteendemedicinskt helhetsperspektiv.

While systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been traditionally viewed as a woman's disease, SLE impacts men as well. Although most research on SLE has concentrated on how it affected women, little is known about how it impacts men. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine how men who live with SLE perceive its psychological impact. Using the lens of the biopsychological theory, common themes were examined pertaining to how men with SLE perceive the impact that SLE has on their cognitive and emotional functioning. Data were collected via interviews with 9 men with SLE, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis to determine common themes. The following common themes emerged: reflections on life before SLE, changes in interpersonal relationships, changes in intimate relationships, changes in self-concept, and changes in perspective about living with lupus. These themes suggest that, in order to improve the quality of life for patients living with SLE, it is not enough to address the physical symptoms; it is necessary to address the cognitive and emotional impacts of the disease process as well. Implications for positive social change of this research study include providing a greater level of understanding of the psychological impact of SLE on men as a resource for professional therapists and psychologists who are trying to find information that would be beneficial for their male SLE clients. Additional potential implications for positive social change include providing information for families and caregivers of those men with SLE, and how the disease impacts them from a psychological standpoint.