The microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0417 is an exceptionally bright lens binary that was predicted to present radial velocity variation at the level of several km s(-1). Pioneer radial velocity follow-up observations with the UVES spectrograph at the ESO-VLT of this system clearly ruled out the large radial velocity variation, leaving a discrepancy between the observation and the prediction. In this paper, we further characterise the microlensing system by analysing its spectral energy distribution (SED) derived using the UVES spectrum and new observations with the ARCoIRIS (CTIO) near-infrared spectrograph and the Keck adaptive optics instrument NIRC2 in the J, H, and Ks-bands. We determine the mass and distance of the stars independently from the microlensing modelling. We find that the SED is compatible with a giant star in the Galactic bulge and a foreground star with a mass of 0.94 +/- 0.09 M-circle dot at a distance of 1.07 +/- 0.24 kpc. We find that this foreground star is likely the lens. Its parameters are not compatible with the ones previously reported in the literature (0.52 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot at 0.95 +/- 0.06 kpc), based on the microlensing light curve. A thoughtful re-analysis of the microlensing event is mandatory to fully understand the reason of this new discrepancy. More importantly, this paper demonstrates that spectroscopic follow-up observations of microlensing events are possible and provide independent constraints on the parameters of the lens and source stars, hence breaking some degeneracies in the analysis. UV-to-NIR low-resolution spectrographs like X-shooter (ESO VLT) could substantially contribute to this follow-up efforts, with magnitude limits above all microlensing events detected so far.

This research analysis automobile industry of China and Germany, based on theory of the competitive advantage of nations. Currently China is the largest market of automobile production and sales of the world. The huge domestic market demand is sufficient to reflect the rapid growth of the automobile industry for the Chinese automotive industry, while Germany automobile industry has long been acknowledged by the average consumer due to its technology and quality assurance. Global warming and energy consumption has led to global environmental awareness, which influence the cooperation model of China and Germany on automobile industry. In this thesis the cooperation model will be analyzed, the conclusion of analyze could be as the positive advice for the development of Taiwan automobile industry in the future.

The aim of the thesis is to study the influence of the milk protein beta-lactoglobulin on the milk renneting properties. Based on the polymorphisms in -lactoglobulin gene (BLG), the genotypes AA, AB and BB were defined by the method PCR-RFLP in the case of 730 dairy cows. The results of the genotypes analysis show that in the studied population the heterozygotes AB occur approximately eleven times more often than homozygotes BB and thirty times more often than homozygotes AA. The allele A frequency was 0.4732 and the allele B 0.5268. The genotype BLG influence on production traits of milk was analysed in the aggregate of 429 milk samples. The statistically demonstrative allele B influence on the percentage of proteins representation was found only in one group of dairy cattle from farm Sedlec. The alleles BB were associated with lower values of these parameters. The statistically significant difference influenced by the genotypes or the gene BLG alleles was not found in any other measurement. In the thesis the testing of milk renneting properties by the rennet coagulation time (RCT) and the determination of titratable acidity in milk was made on 51 samples. The results show that the BLG genotypes had no influence on the RCT. In the determination of titratable acidity in milk results the genotype influence appeared and the p-value is lower than the given significance level = 0.05. It could mean that the AB genotype is connected with the higher milk acidity. However, the results can be distorted by the low numbers of the population.

Bovint β-laktoglobulinprotein (bLG) är ett litet globulärt protein med 162 aminosyrarester, som vanligtvis finns i mjölkvassle. Under sura förhällanden dissocierar dessa dimera proteiner och bildar amyloidliknande fibriller. Studien av β- laktoglobulinfibriller kan vara ett värdefullt verktyg för att förstå strukturen och dynamiken hos patogena amyloidproteiner och relaterade sjukdomar (t.ex. Alzheimers). Det är dessutom viktigt att förstå den korrekta formationen och elucideringen av dessa protein-nanofibriller (PNF) och deras sammansättningutgör också en grund för vidare design av nya biobaserade material. Således är framställningen av en signifikant homogen morfologi av nano-fibriller från bLG för proteinstrukturstudier huvudsyftet med detta projekt. Studien omfattar också användning av rekombinant β-laktoglobulin renat från Escherichia coli Origami (DE3) - celler. Omfattningen av bildandet av dessa PNF kan påverkas genom att variera experimentets olika förhållanden. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att modifiera reaktionsparametrarna såsom inkubationstid, temperatur, koncentrationer, såningsanalyser och även hitta nya för att maximera homogeniteten hos den beredda PNF. En detaljerad analys av alla effekter av olika förhållanden på reaktionsprocessen och vilken provtyp eller beredningsprocess som leder till ökad mängd fibriller är huvudresultatet av denna avhandling. Detta kan i sin tur fungera som en bas för framtida modeller eller proteiner som kan användas för att få en bättre förståelse för amyloidrelaterade patologier eller andra associerade applikationer, till exempel i livsmedelsindustrin eller design av nya material. I slutet av studien visade det sig att den högsta mängden fibriller bildades för de prover som inkuberades vid 70 ℃, förvarades i 48 timmar, vid 300 rpm, med 10 % fröprov som sonikerades två gånger med ett intervall på 60 minuter . / Bovine β-lactoglobulin protein (bLG) is a 162 residue small globular protein, usually found in the whey component of milk. These dimeric proteins under acidic conditions and high temperatures dissociates and form amyloid-like fibrils. The study of bLG fibrils can be a valuable tool for understanding the structure and dynamics of pathogenic amyloid proteins and related diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s). Also, proper formation and elucidation of these protein nano-fibrils (PNF’s) and their assembly provides a foundation for further design of new bio-based materials. Thus, producing a significant homogenous morphology of the nano-fibrils from bLG for protein structure study is the main objective of this project. The study involves also the use of recombinant β- lactoglobulin purified from Escherichia coli Origami (DE3) cells. The extent of formation of these PNF’s can be influenced by varying the different conditions of the experiment. The main aim of this thesis is to modify the reaction parameters such as the incubation time, temperature, concentrations, seeding assays and also find new ones so as to maximize the homogeneity of the prepared PNF. A detailed analysis of all the effects of different conditions on the reaction process and which sample type or preparation process leads to increase in the amount of fibrils is the main outcome of this thesis. This can in turn serve as a base for future models or proteins that can be used to gain a better understanding of amyloid-related pathologies or any other associated applications such as in food industries or design of new materials. In the end of the study, it was found that highest amount of fibrils were formed for those samples incubated at 70 ℃, kept for 48 hours, at 300 rpm, with the 10 % seed sample that was sonicated twice at an interval of 60 minutes.