Gaoqi was born in 1336 and died in 1373 at age 39. In the history of literature, he was a poet as famous as Songlian and Liuji in the Ming Dynasty and lived in an extremely unruly time. Only a few theses about him can be found in Taiwan, i.e. the Study of Gaoqi¡¦s Poetry by Liu Long-hsun and the Study of Gaoqinqiu¡¦s Poetry by Tsai Mao-hsiong. More theses have been written in China, but in general, there is not much information about this great poet. Information on the Plum Blossom Poems is similar with all of Gaoqi¡¦s poems, i.e. not much literature can be found. The study took Gaoqi¡¦s Plum Blossom Poems as the main subject, but since its development was continuous, the Plum Blossom Poems from another period are also discussed. The diverse characteristics of the Plum Blossom Poems in different Dynasties were studied, so that the creative thinking characteristics and artistic performance of Gaoqi can be further understood. There are sixteen parts in six chapters in the thesis; its description is as follows: Chapter I: The introduction. It includes a foreword of the study and Gaoqi¡¦s autobiography. The project¡¦s motivation, relevant literature, and study methods are introduced. Gaoqi¡¦s background and his experiences are also described. Chapter II: The development of the Plum Blossom Poems from the South-North Dynasties (420-598) to the Yuan Dynasty. The famous poems are introduced and analyzed. Chapter III: Thoughts on Gaoqi¡¦s poems and inheritance. Discussion regarding the artistic inheritance of the Plum Blossom Poems from past periods and its creative techniques. Chapter IV: Gaoqi¡¦s Plum Blossom Poems (part I). There are a total of 33 poems. The poems, each consisting of eight lines, are discussed. They include nine poems on plum blossoms, five poems of chanting plum blossoms that follow the rhyming word that ends a line of verse written by Yianshi and two poems of chanting plum blossoms that follow the rhyming word that ends a line of verse written by Xiyuangong. Chapter V: Gaoqis¡¦ Plum Blossom Poems (part II). Discusses another poem¡¦s style including ancient poetry and poem of four lines with an analysis of Gaoqi¡¦s poems. Chapter VI: The development of the Plum Blossom Poems in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Discusses the development of the Plum Blossom Poems after Gaoqi and the conclusion of the study.

With post-bloom chemical fruit thinning responses being heavily influenced by tree carbohydrate reserves and weather conditions, there is a need for alternative thinning practices such as chemical blossom thinning in the Mid-Atlantic apple growing region. This project sought to 1) evaluate timing strategies for lime sulfur + stylet-oil blossom thinning sprays and 2) screen chemical agents for their suitability and efficacy as blossom thinners. In the first study, two 'Gala'/'M.9' blocks in different states (North Carolina and Virginia) were utilized in 2019 to compare between pollen tube growth model-guided blossom thinning sprays and those that are based on fixed time intervals between the initial application and subsequent thinning sprays. It was generally found that model-guided blossom thinning sprays and sprays applied at 20% open bloom and 48 hours after reduced fruit set, crop load, and improved fruit weight. In the second study, a 'Honeycrisp'/'B.9' and 'Cripps Pink'/'M.9' apple block in Virginia were used in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate multiple chemical agents with and without stylet-oil. Most of the treatments under-thinned compared to untreated control trees. However, it was determined that ammonium thiosulfate with and without stylet-oil was the most effective thinning agent. Potassium bicarbonate + stylet-oil was observed to cause excessive fruit russeting and phytotoxicity. This project demonstrated that optimum apple crop loads can be obtained if lime sulfur + stylet-oil blossom thinning sprays are applied at the proper time, and that multiple chemical agents offer potential use for chemical blossom thinning in the Mid-Atlantic region / Master of Science in Life Sciences / For apple trees to produce high quality fruit, a proportion of the flowers and/or fruit must be removed in a practice known as "thinning". Chemical blossom thinning is a relatively new method of thinning in the Mid-Atlantic apple growing region. This project sought to 1) evaluate spray timing of blossom thinning sprays and 2) evaluate different chemicals for their suitability in blossom thinning. In the first study, two 'Gala' apple orchards in two states (North Carolina and Virginia) were utilized in 2019 to compare a computer model-guided spray timing to structured spray timings based on the amount of time between the first and second sprays. It was found that the model-guided sprays, and sprays occurring once 20% of the blossoms had opened and reapplied 48 hours after, were the most effective in thinning the flowers. In the second part of the study, a 'Honeycrisp' orchard and a 'Cripps Pink' orchard in Virginia were used in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate different chemicals for their potential as blossom thinners. Unfortunately, most of the treatments did not achieve sufficient thinning results compared to untreated trees. However, it was determined that ammonium thiosulfate with and without stylet-oil was the most effective thinning chemical. Potassium bicarbonate with stylet-oil was found to cause excessive injury to the fruit and foliage. This project demonstrated that blossom thinning can be effective when the sprays are applied at the correct time and that multiple chemical agents offer potential for blossom thinning in the Mid-Atlantic.

No description available.

Genetic resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana; OWBM) is an important breeding target to prevent yield and quality losses of durum wheat produced in western Canada. To date, only a single characterized midge resistance gene, Sm1, has been identified. Sm1 confers antibiosis resistance to the OWBM. It has been genetically localized to chromosome 2BS of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sm1 has been introgressed into locally adapted germplasm. Currently, no Sm1 carrying durum wheat lines are available for commercial production, and no studies have characterized the influence of Sm1 on yield and end-use quality of durum wheat. The main objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the effect of Sm1 on grain yield and end-use quality. 2) To genetically map the Sm1 introgression. For this work, 122 F5:9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the midge susceptible durum wheat cultivar CDC Verona (Sm1 “-”) and resistant experimental line DT780 (Sm1 “+”). Agronomic and end-use quality traits of the mapping population were analyzed. The results from each environment were used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis at Kernen (SK) in 2009 and 2010, and at Indian Head (SK) in 2009. On average, the presence of Sm1 was associated with higher grain yield and yellow pigment content, but lower kernel weight, reduced grain protein content, and weaker gluten properties. However, it was possible to identify RIL lines carrying Sm1 that expressed higher kernel weight, grain protein content, and stronger gluten. A genetic linkage map spanning 58 cM on chromosome 2B near Sm1 was constructed. QTL mapping suggested that the total length of the Sm1 introgression into durum wheat was approximately 11cM. Nearly all traits measured showed QTLs associated with Sm1. For grain protein content, a QTL proximal to Sm1 was identified, suggesting that Sm1 per se may not be contributing to the reduced grain protein observed in the Sm1 carriers of the RIL mapping population. The results presented here suggest that on average, Sm1 is associated with higher grain yield and some reduced end-use quality factors, but that it may be possible to combine Sm1 with high grain yield and end-use quality equivalent to current check cultivars.

The topic of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the impact of grazing on the quality of bee honey. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of the individual kinds of honey and their different compositions. The fundamental physical and chemical requirements for honey are described there, including a sensory requirement, which indicates Public Notice No. 76/2003 Coll. The practical part contains the physico-chemical analysis itself, according to the Harmonised methods of the European Honey. The two fundamental kinds of honey were evaluated, i.e. blossom and honeydew honey. Each type of honey was represented by 20 samples. Subsequently, the following parameters were monitored: water content, acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, content of water-insoluble substances and also the test for the evidence of damage of honey structure by starch syrup was done. The comparison of the samples shows that the different types of honey vary mostly in the parameter of electrical conductivity. The final results show that the different bee grazing does not impact the quality of honey.

Les eaux florales sont des matières premières aromatiques issues de la distillation, contenant généralement moins de 1 g/L de composés volatils leur conférant leurs propriétés organoleptiques. Elles sont utilisées principalement en industrie agroalimentaire et cosmétique. Elles sont sujettes à des problèmes d’instabilité microbienne incompatibles avec leurs applications. Ces microorganismes, leurs dynamiques, ainsi que les nutriments disponibles nécessaires à leur croissance restent mal connus. Les eaux florales sont actuellement stabilisées par ajout de conservateurs dont certains sont controversés et visent à être retirés du marché. De plus, leur efficacité dans les eaux florales n’a pas été évaluée.L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une meilleure connaissance de la composition des eaux florales et de ses contaminants afin de proposer une méthode de stabilisation adaptée.La composition en huile essentielle et le microbiote de 22 échantillons d’eau de fleur d’oranger (Citrus aurantium L. ssp. amara L.) et de rose (Rosa damascena Miller et Rosa centifolia L.), provenant de différents producteurs autour du bassin méditerranéen, ont été analysés afin de déterminer les facteurs responsables de leur altération. Bien que les composés volatils soient connus pour leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes, leurs concentrations dans les hydrolats ne sont pas suffisantes pour assurer la stabilité microbiologique. En plus des composés volatils, les hydrolats contiennent des composés non-volatils tels que des sucres, entraînés vers le distillat par effet de primage ou de moussage pendant la distillation, et pouvant être utilisés comme substrat de croissance par les microorganismes. La population microbienne peut atteindre 106 à 107 UFC/mL en quelques jours à température ambiante et jusqu’à 3 mois à 5°C. Des bactéries environnementales, oligotrophes, et acido-tolérantes, appartenant principalement aux genres Pseudomonas sp. et Burkholderia sp. ont été isolées et identifiées. Parmi ces bactéries, B. vietnamiensis et Novosphingobium capsulatum ont été capables de métaboliser des composés volatiles tels que le géraniol ou l’acétate de 2-phényléthyle pour produire la 6-méthyl-5-heptèn-2-one ou le 2-phényléthanol, et modifier ainsi les propriétés organoleptiques des hydrolats. Enfin, la capacité de croissance de bactéries pathogènes et d’altération dans les hydrolats a été évaluée, et différents conservateurs ont été testés sur les souches capables de se multiplier dans les hydrolats.Une distillation aseptique et un conditionnement stérile permettrait d’assurer la stabilité des hydrolats sans ajout de conservateurs. En l’absence de conditions aseptiques, l’ajout de conservateurs est nécessaire pour assurer la stabilité des hydrolats. / Hydrosols are hydrodistillation products mainly used as food flavoring agents or ingredient in cosmetics. They contain less than 1 g/L of dispersed essential oils giving the organoleptic properties. These are subjected to microbial proliferation that can prevent use due to non-compliance to professional microbiological standards. The microorganisms, their growth dynamics, and the available nutrients in hydrosols remain unknown. Hydrosols can contain few preservatives, but there is no data about their efficiency in hydrosols.The aim of this study was to have a better knowledge on hydrosols composition, their microbiota, and spoilage conditions, in order to propose an adapted stabilization method.The composition in volatile compounds and the microbiota of 22 hydrosol samples of Citrus aurantium L. ssp. amara L. (orange blossom), Rosa damascena Miller (rose D.), and Rosa centifolia L. (rose C.) flowers were analyzed to determine factors responsible for decay. Some non-volatile compounds were likely carried over during distillation by a priming and foaming effect, and could be used as nutrients by microorganisms. Concentrations of volatile compounds in hydrosols are not high enough to prevent microbial proliferation, and bacteria concentrations can reach up to 106 CFU/mL in both hydrosols. The isolated microbial population was composed of oligotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, arranged in four major genera: Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia cepacia complex, and presumably two new genera belonging to Acetobacteraceae and Rhodospirillaceae. Among those bacteria, Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Novosphingobium capsulatum were able to metabolize volatile compounds, such as geraniol to produce 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one or geranic acid, or 2-phenylethyl acetate to produce 2-phenylethanol. Finally, the growth potential of a range of bacteria isolated from hydrosols and of pathogenic micro-organisms was evaluated, then the anti-microbial activity in nutrient broth and/or in hydrosols of a range of chemical preservatives authorized for food and cosmetic applications was tested.Additional hurdles such as chemical preservatives or aseptic packaging will be necessary to insure microbial stability.

Ca2+ is a nutrient for plant development, and its deficiency causes poor cellular development in tomato fruits, resulting in a physiological disorder known as blossom-end rot (BER). Studies on this physiological disorder are not recent and mainly focused on Ca2+ deficiency in tissues and on the interaction between plant and the environment. However, new research has been based on hormonal interaction and oxidative mechanisms in fruits. Hormones such as gibberellins, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids have been implicated in both activation and inhibition of BER symptoms. The application of abscisic acid and epibrasinolide decreased fruit susceitibility to BER. Abscisic acid reduces leaf transpiration, inhibiting xylem sap and calcium flow into the leaves and increasing into the fruit. Epibrassinolide increased fruit antioxidant responses, decreasing hydrogen peroxide and increasing ascorbic acid content, as well as increasing ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities. In addition, the selection of varieties more tolerant to BER and the identification of factors that make new varieties resistant are important tools in the selection of new varieties. In this study, many varieties were evaluated in order to understand the relationship between fruit shape and growing environment on BER incidence in the fruit. According to the results, elongated fruit varieties showed higher susceptibility to BER. / O Ca2+ é um nutriente para o desenvolvimento de plantas, e sua deficiência causa mal desenvolvimento celular em frutos de tomate, resultando em desordem fisiológica conhecida como podridão apical ou blossom-end rot (BER). Estudos sobre esta desordem fisiológica não são recentes e são focados principalmente na deficiência de Ca2+ nos tecidos e na interação entre planta e meio ambiente. No entanto, novas pesquisas têm se baseado na interação hormonal e nos mecanismos oxidativos como reguladores desta disordem fisiológica nos frutos. Hormônios como giberelinas, ácido abscísico e brassinosteróides têm sido implicados tanto na ativação quanto na inibição dos sintomas de BER. A aplicação de ácido abscísico e epibrassinolideo diminuiu a incidência de BER, reduzindo a concentração de Ca2+ nas folhas e aumentando-as nos frutos. A aplicação de ácido abscísico provocou diminuição na transpiração, o que explica a mudança no fluxo de seiva e cálcio no xilema que conduz da folha para fruto. O epibrassinolideo, por outro lado, aumentou a resposta antioxidante, diminuindo as concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio e aumentando as de ácido ascórbico, ascorbato peroxidase, catalase e superóxido dismutase nos frutos. A seleção de genótipos mais tolerantes ao aparecimento de BER e a identificação de fatores que os tornam resistentes, são ferramentas importantes no processo de seleção de novas variedades. Neste trabalho, foram estudados muitos genótipos para compreender a relação entre a forma do fruto e o ambiente de crescimento sobre a incidência de BER. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, genótipos alongados são mais susceptíveis a podridão apical.

The following thesis project has been done in direct collaboration with Autokaross i Floby AB Rescue Vehicle Department, in Sweden.  The report contains the design development of a protective cover against weather conditions for the extendable ladder in a fire vehicle.   The aim of the report has been to develop a functional and low cost solution cover for the FEL on a fire truck, which is allocated on the roof, with the express intention of providing adequate access and protection against weather conditions in Nordic countries, so as to prevent premature deterioration of the FEL unit. The company has set the technical and conceptual boundaries, with the help of the two previous concepts currently used, the BMC and the ACP.   The initial requirements laid out by the company were expressed through a number of specific demands which can be categorized in two main points:   Cost: Designing a solution keeping in mind cost limits, assembly cost and time, and space optimization. This was done by taking into account the two existing solutions, particularly the BMC, which represents the lowest, cost wise and function wise. Therefore it was used as the basis on which to apply improvements, rather than trying to lower the high cost on the overqualified function of the ACP.   Function: Providing the adequate protection and access to the FEL. In this case, the problem was solved by establishing the correct degree of protection relevant to the Nordic weather conditions and FEL needs, and regarding the access, this was assured by fully automating the opening/closing process with the existing extraction operating system of the FEL.     The result of this report is a concept solution which meets the company’s demands, obtained by creative detailing, together with an analysis regarding possible considerations that could improve the creative detailing result in this report in the form of future work.     The report documents the process that has taken place in exploration, concept generation, concept evaluation, concept selection, and detailed CAD development. Each section shows the requirements and adjustments taken to fulfil the company’s needs.

Jazz music is transmitted by aural and oral means. As recording and broadcast mediums became increasingly ubiquitous, starting in the mid twentieth-century, an ever greater proportion of jazz’s aural transmission would be mediated by these developing technologies. Many commentators address sound’s mediation from one state to another by identifying the resulting recording as an object. This object transcends temporal and spacial proximity, possessing inherent authority with implications for authorship, related work-concepts, and even issues of cultural assimilation. From a perspective informed by writings in musicology, philosophy, and sound studies, I examine recorded jazz music from the twentieth-century. I begin by positioning the history of jazz music in relation to the emergence of recording technologies to establish recordings as authoritative texts. I then translate (by transcription) primarily non-literate jazz recordings into the primarily literate discourse of musicology. In the course of examining music by James Moody, Eddie Jefferson, Bud Powell, Chick Corea, and others, I conclude that they all exemplify musical intertextuality. In some cases, technological mediation connects the texts. I then turn to an examination of recordings specifically. I begin by questioning musical notation as an adequate description of sound and move to developing a broader analytical framework. This thesis culminates with a comparison of Bud Powell’s 1949 recording of Bouncin’ With Bud and Chick Corea’s 1997 recording. Using the framework mentioned, disparate potentialities afforded by each recording’s mediation are connected to musical characteristics. / Graduate