Uninfected nymphs of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum were fed on hamsters that had been injected intraperitoneally with a 0.5 ml sample of Borrelia burgdorferi (2.5 X 10' spirochetes per ml) 30 days earlier. All nymphs fed to repletion and were then housed during the molting process. In order to assess their ability to transmit the spirochetes, the resulting l. scapularis and A. americanum adults were allowed to feed on uninfected rabbits.Dissection of the adult l. scapularis ticks revealed 9/12 (75%) to harbor motile spirochetes, identified as B. burgdorferi by darkfield microscopy, isolation in BSK II medium, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining with the monoclonal antibody H5332. Transmission was successful to one of two New Zealand White rabbits by these infected ticks.Dissection of the adult A. americanum ticks revealed 0/150 (0%) to harbor spirochetes. Transmission to each of three rabbits was unsuccessful. However, 5/90 (5.6%) cultures of midgut material from these same ticks, harbored non-motile spirochete-like bodies. The identity of these "spirochetes" is unknown. / Department of Biology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007. / Prepared for: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology. Bibliography: leaves 127-137. Available online via the Internet.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar. 18, 2010). Thesis advisor: Graham Hickling. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-146).

Sensitivity of spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex to serum complement of humans of different age and sex was analyzed. Complement-mediated Borrelia killing was observed in different combination of serum and selected Borrelia genospecies. The obtained results confirmed that age itself does not influence the sensitivity of human to Borrelia infection. However, the females seem to be more vulnerable to it. Each of ten tested Borrelia species was proved to be potentially infective for human in different ratio. The clear separation of all ten checked Borrelia species into two groups was revealed after the reaction with human sera: species with low sensitivity to human serum complement (mortality below 1 percent) and species with higher sensitivity (mortality over 3-4 percent).

No description available.

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne infection in the Western world with an annual incidence usually in excess of 100 cases per 100 000 people in temperate areas of the United States and Europe. Same as other infectious diseases, Lyme borreliosis wreaks havoc on the host they have invaded. B. burgdorferi, the causative agent of this disease, circulates among wildlife vertebrate hosts and Ixodes tick vectors but may sometimes infect humans. Its natural enzootic cycle usually occurs as follows: The larval/nymphal stage tick feeds on an infected host. During this engorgement, the spirochetes reach the tick gut and stay confined to it. After the tick molts into the next developmental stage, it finds a second host. The new bloodmeal triggers the spirochetes to multiply within the gut and traverse the gut endothelium in a highly organized manner. They finally disseminate through the hemocoel up to the tick salivary glands and into the new host. We studied whether B. burgdorferi is capable of reaching the tick salivary glands during the first infective feeding period in uninfected ticks.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-10. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864070.pdf: 3276572 bytes, checksum: beb57da1d24a51f67b6dd1ab7e4b0878 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A terapia fotodinâmica se apresenta como uma opção clínica promissora para o tratamento de tumores e, de infecções causadas por vírus e bactérias por meio do uso de fotossensibilizadores não tóxicos. A ftalocianina, quando associada à luz visível, possui propriedades fotofísicas vantajosas apresentando alta absorção na faixa de espectro luminoso vermelho. A borreliose aviária é uma doença aguda e septicêmica, causada pela bactéria Borrelia anserina, transmitida pelo carrapato Argas miniatus, podendo levar a morte. A enfermidade possui grande importância econômica para a avicultura, por causar alto índice de mortalidade em aves. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o soro parasitado com Borrelia anserina, tratado com luz visível associada à ftalocianina de cloro-alumínio, quando inoculado in vivo, é capaz de provocar a enfermidade, e quando in vitro, mantém sua capacidade de crescimento em meio Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly. Foram utilizados 11 frangos doadores de soro parasitado e 42 galinhas receptoras, separadas em sete grupos experimentais, in vivo e in vitro, para ambas as etapas. Grupo controle, grupo doença parasitado com B. anserina, grupo Imunossupressão, grupo luz visível, grupo nanoemulsão, grupo ftalocianina e grupo tratado realizado com luz visível associada à emulsão de ftalocianina de cloro-alumínio. O acompanhamento foi realizado a cada cinco dias, durante 45 dias após a inoculação, com realização de exame clínico, espiroquetemia, reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa, dosagem de Imunoglobulina Y, colesterol, triglicerídeos, fosfatase alcalina, alanina aminotransferase e aspartato aminotransferase, volume globular e proteína plasmática total. Foi possível concluir que a associação de luz visível e ftalocianina de cloro-alumínio tem efeito favorável no controle da enfermidade, redução da carga parasitária e taxa de mortalidade / Photodynamic therapy is presented as a promising clinical option for the treatment of tumors, viruses and bacteria through the use of nontoxic photosensitizers. When the phthalocyanine is combined with visible light, have advantageous on the photophysical properties presenting high absorption in the red light spectrum range. Avian Spirochetosis is an acute and septicemic disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia anserina, transmitted by Argas miniatus and can lead to death. The disease has great economic importance to the poultry industry, because this causes a high mortality in aviculture. The study had as objective to determine the serum infested with Borrelia anserina, treated using visible light associated with chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, when inoculated in vivo, is capable of causing illness, and when in vitro, retains its capacity for growth amid Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly. Were used 11 chicken serum donors parasitized and 42 receiving chickens, in seven separate experimental groups, in vivo and in vitro for both steps. Control group, parasitized disease group B. anserina, immunosuppression group, light group visible, nanoemulsion group, phthalocyanine group and treated group conducted with visible light associated with emulsion chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine. Follow-up was conducted every five days, for 45 days after inoculation with conducting clinical examination, spirochetemia, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Immunoglobulin Y dosage, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, Globular volume and plasma total protein. It was concluded that visible light association and chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine has a favorable effect on the control of the disease, reduction in parasite burden and mortality rate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T13:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:14:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000866861.pdf: 4350939 bytes, checksum: 66e4b66b2461c077e283b7a4e21e7b8f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A borreliose aviária é uma doença septicêmica aguda, causada pela espiroqueta Borrelia anserina, atualmente apresenta baixa incidência, porém devido ao crescimento das criações orgânicas e rústicas, maior preocupação com o bem estar animal e a diminuição do uso de antibióticos em rações, existe a preocupação com o surgimento de surtos da doença, que poderão causar prejuízos econômicos. Desta maneira, torna-se de fundamental importância a busca por terapias alternativas, entre elas, a terapia fotodinâmica, como a associação da luz ultravioleta (UV) e riboflavina, com o objetivo de controlar a enfermidade. Este estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia do tratamento com luz UV e riboflavina para inativar ou eliminar a B. anserina no soro de galinhas poedeiras, por meio de exames diagnósticos e laboratoriais, e verificar a resposta imunológica do hospedeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas, a etapa in vivo foi formada por 42 galinhas, divididas em sete grupos, composto por seis aves: Grupo 1 (saúde); Grupo 2 (doença) inoculadas com soro parasitado por B. anserina; Grupo 3 (imunossupressor) que receberam metilprednisolona; Grupo 4 ( luz UV) que receberam soro parasitado tratado com luz UV; Grupo 5 (riboflavina) que receberam soro parasitado tratado com riboflavina; Grupo 6 (grupo veículo) que receberam soro parasitado tratado com cloreto de sódio 0,9%; Grupo 7 (tratado) que receberam soro positivo para B. anserina tratado com luz ultravioleta associada à riboflavina. A etapa in vitro, foi realizada com placas de cultivo celular, divididas igualmente à etapa in vivo. Foi possível observar que o tratamento não apresentou resultado esperado na inativação ou completa eliminação do agente. No entanto, uma ave do grupo tratado sobreviveu e apresentou recuperação clínica e laboratorial, apresentando espiroquetemia no Momento 11 e qPCR positivo no momento... / Avian borreliosis is an acute septicemic disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia anserina, has a low incidence, however due to the growth of organic and rustic creations, greater concern for animal welfare and reducing the use of antibiotics in feed, there is concern about the emergence of disease outbreaks, which may cause economic losses. Thus, it becomes fundamental to search for alternative therapies, including, photodynamic therapy, such as the combination of ultraviolet (UV) light and riboflavin with the aim of controlling the disease. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of treatment with riboflavin and UV light to inactivate or eliminate B. anserina from serum laying hens by diagnostic and laboratory tests and to check to the host immune response. The experiment was conducted in two stages. The first one was the in vivo step composed of 42 chickens, divided into seven groups of six birds: Group 1 (health); Group 2 (disease) inoculated with the serum parasitized by Borrelia anserina; Group 3 (immunosuppressant) receiving methylprednisolone; Group 4 (UV light) which received parasitized saline treated with UV light; Group 5 (riboflavin) which received parasitized serum treated with riboflavin; Group 6 (solvent group) parasitized receiving saline treated with 0.9% sodium chloride; Group 7 (treated) which received positive serum for B. anserina treated with ultraviolet light associated with riboflavin. The secund one was the in vitro stage performed with cell culture plates, equally divided in vivo step. It was observed that the treatment did not show expected results in the inactivation or complete elimination of the agent. However, one bird from the treated group survived and showed clinical and laboratory recovery, presenting spirochetemia at the time 11 and qPCR positive at the time... / FAPESP: 2014/03353-4