This thesis has explored the theme of Productive Unity in John Barth’s novel, Giles Goat – Boy. Productive Unity is the process in which the tendency to individuation and the tendency to connection counteract resulting in a unity in polarity. In part, Barth deals with Productive Unity by showing the intellectual development of his protagonist, George Giles. This study has traced George’s development as he moves towards a discovery and understanding of Productive Unity. Barth also treats Productive Unity in his characterization. This study has discussed characterization in terms of the characters’ attempts to distinguish between opposites in accordance with the tendency to individuation, to ignore distinctions in accordance with the tendency to connection, and to simultaneously distinguish between opposites and ignore distinctions in accordance with Productive Unity. Further, this study has examined the theme of Productive Unity as Barth develops it through his idea of cyclology.

<p>This study explores the experiences of young rural girls in scouting practices, who reside in the rural areas of Mpumalanga, Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. This exploratory study draws special reference to their participation in Scout programmes in what in observed as a predominantly male-dominated organisational alignment. This exploratory study uses a qualitative feminist investigation, through focus groups and semi structured interviews to investigate the impact of these organisational change initiatives on the experiences of girls in scouting. Although the aim of the study was to explore the experiences of rural girls, boys were included in the study to explore gender dynamics and to problematise how gender inequalities can be understood and addressed in scouting.</p>

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Operant conditioning techniques were used to condition male-typical behaviors in an eight-year-old effeminate boy who had been described as transsexual. A probe of toys and activities was administered, which showed a trend toward his choosing feminine toys and activities. The two phases consisted of positive reinforcement of behavior associated with masculinity.

El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue identificar y analizar las capacidades institucionales de la Asociación de Scouts del Perú (ASP) por medio de un diagnóstico organizacional y de esta manera, proponer acciones de fortalecimiento. Para la realización de este estudio se levantó información tanto a nivel primario como secundario a través de la lectura de documentos y la realización de entrevistas, cuestionarios y encuestas que permitieron conocer la percepción de los actores miembros de la ASP, tanto a nivel directivo como a nivel de voluntariado. Dicho trabajo de campo se realizó a nivel de todo el Perú poniendo énfasis en la sede central de Lima, debido a su gran concentración de voluntarios miembros de la ASP. En la primera parte se determina el marco teórico en el que se sustenta la tesis. La segunda parte de este trabajo describe el diseño de investigación utilizado. Una tercera sección corresponde a la presentación, análisis e interpretación de los datos recogidos. Dicha sección ha sido dividida en capítulos, cada uno de los cuales hace referencia a las capacidades organizacionales de: conducción, organizacional, comunicacional y de gerencia interna de recursos humanos de la ASP. Cada una de estas capacidades institucionales ha sido analizada según los indicadores establecidos para dicho análisis y se presentan los respectivos hallazgos encontrados durante la recolección de información. A continuación, en la cuarta parte se alcanzan las conclusiones finales sobre lo analizado. Finalmente, en las recomendaciones, se sugiere considerar la implementación de una propuesta de fortalecimiento de capacidades institucionales para la ASP. / Tesis

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. / The Boy Scout and Girl Guide movement in Australia has received very limited scholarly attention, despite its status as a prominent youth organisation since the early twentieth century. This thesis juxtaposes the oral history testimonies of twenty-two current and past Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Australia with the official model of Scouting and Guiding devised by the founder, Sir Robert BadenPowell. The research engages with broad social themes, including gender, class, and primacy of the outdoors. Close analysis is provided of one of the most debated elements of the movement: the use of middle-class adolescents' leisure time to build good future citizens or soldiers. The thesis provides an account of the religious and cultural context of the contemporary movement in Australia, particularly its 'white' Christian origins. Findings indicate the ambiguous and contested nature of Baden-Powell's 'official model', and reveal the intricate, manifold experiences of participants in the movement. Those who took part in the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides have been significantly influenced by their involvement, and the movement has played a memorable role in their lives.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. / The Boy Scout and Girl Guide movement in Australia has received very limited scholarly attention, despite its status as a prominent youth organisation since the early twentieth century. This thesis juxtaposes the oral history testimonies of twenty-two current and past Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Australia with the official model of Scouting and Guiding devised by the founder, Sir Robert BadenPowell. The research engages with broad social themes, including gender, class, and primacy of the outdoors. Close analysis is provided of one of the most debated elements of the movement: the use of middle-class adolescents' leisure time to build good future citizens or soldiers. The thesis provides an account of the religious and cultural context of the contemporary movement in Australia, particularly its 'white' Christian origins. Findings indicate the ambiguous and contested nature of Baden-Powell's 'official model', and reveal the intricate, manifold experiences of participants in the movement. Those who took part in the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides have been significantly influenced by their involvement, and the movement has played a memorable role in their lives.

This thesis, drawing from the Gothic paradigm, attempts to complicate and supplement the revisionist reading of Patrick McCabe¡¦s The Butcher Boy (1992). The novel tells the murder story of Francie Brady, a troubled Irish boy who slaughters his Anglicized neighbor like a pig. Critics have aligned the novel with the revisionist attempt to debunk nationalist meta-narrative. They have also associated the sensational plotline and grotesque imageries in the novel with the Gothic tradition. Revisionism and Gothicism, therefore, are two established reading strategies to The Butcher Boy. Both ideas, however, are used by critics with certain unease, for both terms are under much critical debate. Moreover, in the end of the novel, McCabe astutely eschews moral judgment on Francie¡¦s horrific deed. Francie¡¦s first-person narrative also allows the reader to sympathize with the young murderer. In this regard, McCabe keeps a sympathetic undertone in the murder story, which a simplistic revisionist reading cannot fully account for. This thesis, bringing the two critical paradigms together, argues that McCabe¡¦s use of Gothicism is crucial to understanding his complicated re-visioning of Ireland in the 1960s. Through historicizing the Gothic fiction, the thesis underlines the idea of ¡§antiquarianism¡¨ to explicate the historical background of the novel¡XIreland at the turn of the 1960s when the Republic underwent a transformation of national ethos, from conservative nationalism to modernization. I contend that while the novel is critical of the waning nationalism, it is also suspicious of Ireland¡¦s relentless modernizing project. From a cultural dimension of the Gothic, the thesis foregrounds the relation between Gothic imagination and racial discourse. In this light, I intend to demonstrate that the recurrent image of ¡§pig¡¨ in the novel is a Gothicized racial stereotype of the Irish people. Through Francie¡¦s struggle with the pig image, the thesis examines Irish people¡¦s negotiation with their often derogatory racial stereotype. Finally, resorting to the Gothic device of ¡§double bind,¡¨ I attempt to expound McCabe¡¦s underlying sympathy for the homicidal and suicidal boy, who is depicted as both victim and murderer, both pig and butcher.

The aim of this proposed study is to explore whether participation in a three day intervention involving horseback riding in nature– a program specifically designed for autistic children and their families called “Horse Boy Camps” – leads to improved outcomes for participants. It is hypothesized that children will demonstrate significant increases in language and communication skills after camp participation, as well as enhanced social, cognitive and sensory functioning. It is also hypothesized that attendance at a Horse Boy Camp will have an impact on the parents and siblings of the child with autism. Specifically, it is anticipated that camp participation will significantly decrease the anxiety, stress, depression and social isolation experienced by parents. It will also result in significant improvements in the relationship between the autistic and their siblings as well as family functioning in general. Participants will include 20 families attending a three-day Horse Boy Camp. There will be one autistic child per family who attends the camp, and at least one parent. The proposed study will help determine if Horse Boy Camps appear to be a promising intervention for children with autism and their families. / text

This thesis has explored the balanced management of a value-based, non-profit organization. The District operation of the Boy Scouts of America has been used as the basis of the study. The conflict between values, structure, and results has been discussed in relation to models of structural, scientific, human, and integrative approaches to management. A balanced, rational management system has been explored.The central problem was how to provide a value-based volunteer organization with an effective management system that will achieve program results. The value and significance of the problem arose from the increasing use of volunteers to meet social needs. The method used was a review of selected literature, documents, interviews, and the results of a survey of District-serving professionals in the Boy Scouts of America.