Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-22T00:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dout_2016_Milciades_A_Melgarejo_Arrua.pdf: 1302276 bytes, checksum: 1218d793f41ce055d1de7ad72c7d013c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T00:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dout_2016_Milciades_A_Melgarejo_Arrua.pdf: 1302276 bytes, checksum: 1218d793f41ce055d1de7ad72c7d013c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / _CONACYT / Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) when grown at different spacings between rows and / or spacing between plants may favor maturation uniformity and increase productivity. Another important aspect of the crop is a definition of the adaptation period of sowing, which is of great importance to enable full growth, development and productivity. In order to generate information for the quality of a choice of canola hybrids more adapted as better sowing times and as better plant populations, three experiments were installed in which they were evaluated as agronomic characteristics and grain oil content. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) in Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, in the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. In the first experiment Hyola 61 canola hybrid was sown in different spacings between As lines and plant densities in the lines. The experimental design was used for randomized blocks, in arrangement of subdivided plots, with four replications. In the plots, row spacings (17, 34, 51 and 68 cm) were used and, in the subplots, plant densities (15, 30, 45 and 60 plants per square meter) were used. There is no second experiment for the canola generators Hyola 401, Hyola 76, Hyola 61, Hyola 433, Hyola 501, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 555TT, Hyola 656TT, Hyola 559TT, W8006 and H92002. The experimental design was used for randomized blocks with four replicates. As the plots were composed of four rows in 0.45 m, with 5 m in length, without weekly on May 8, 2015. There is no experience of five types of canola and two dates of sowing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (2x5), with four replications, with two sowing dates: April 28 and May 28, 2014, and April 20 and May 20, 2015. Five genotypes of canola: Hyola 76, Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571 and Hyola 411. As plots were composed of six binders in 0.45 m with 5 m in length. Regarding the experiment with different row spacings and plant densities, in the year 2013, the average pods size per plant was 203 units, a corn mass of 3.8 grams and a mean productivity of 1290 kg ha-1. Significant interaction (p < 0.05) between spacing and density was observed for a plant height variable and number of grams per pod. In 2013, an average of 203 siliquas per plants were obtained. As early as 2014, the average number of pods was 126 units, with an average yield of 899 kg ha-1. Significant interaction (p < 0.05) was observed between the spacing and a density for a variable mass of corn and oil content. Regarding the experiment with 13 genera, significant differences were observed regarding the cycle (p ≤ 0.05) where the genotype Hyola 401, Hyola 50, Hyola 565TT and Hyola 559TT demonstrated the shortest cycle with 129 days and the mass of thousand grains where the genotypes Hyola 76, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 559TT, W8006 and H92002 obtained higher value. No significant differences were observed in the other variables analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The average grain yield of the tests was 1,518 kg ha-1 and a mean oil quality content of 42.45%. As agronomic characteristics and oil contents were not influenced by genetic tests. In the experiment with 5 genotypes of canola, in 2014, as sowing done on 05/28 obtained 31% more productivity, Hyola 411 obtained the average yield of 1,367 kg ha-1 of canola grains, being 25% higher The average of the other hybrids studied. Already, in 2015 the study with the same materials did not show significant differences in grain yield. 191 From Distr. From Distr. The average oil content on the grains was 39% and also did not detect significant differences between hybrids and time of sowing. / A canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleífera) quando cultivada em diferentes espaçamentos entre fileiras e/ou espaçamento entre as plantas pode favorecer a uniformidade de maturação e aumentar a produtividade. Outro aspecto importante na cultura é a definição da época adequada de semeadura, que é de grande importância para viabilizar o pleno crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade. Com o objetivo de gerar informações para embasar a escolha de híbridos de canola mais adaptados as melhores épocas de semeadura e as melhores populações de plantas, foram instalados três experimentos, nas quais foram avaliadas as características agronômicas e o teor de óleo dos grãos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) em Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. No primeiro experimento foi utilizado o hibrido de canola Hyola 61, semeado em diferentes espaçamentos entre as linhas e densidades de plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram utilizados espaçamentos entre fileiras (17, 34, 51 e 68 cm) e nas subparcelas as densidades de plantas (15, 30, 45 e 60 plantas por m2). No segundo experimento foram avaliados os genótipos de canola Hyola 401, Hyola 76, Hyola 61, Hyola 433, Hyola 50, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 555TT, Hyola 656TT, Hyola 559TT, W8006 e H92002, utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro fileiras espaçadas em 0,45 m, com 5 m de comprimento, semeadas no dia 8 de maio de 2015. Já no terceiro experimento foram avaliados cinco genótipos de canola e duas datas de semeadura. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (2x5), com quatro repetições, sendo duas épocas de semeadura: 28/04 e 28/05 de 2014, e 20/04 e 20/05 de 2015 e cinco genótipos de canola: Hyola 76, Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571 e Hyola 411. As parcelas foram compostas por seis fileiras espaçadas em 0,45 m com 5 m de comprimento. Com relação ao experimento com diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas e densidades de plantas, no ano 2013, o número médio de síliquas por planta foi de 203 unidades, a massa de mil grãos foi de 3,8 gramas e a produtividade média de 1290 kg ha-1. Foi observada interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o espaçamento e a densidade, para a variável altura de plantas e número de grãos por síliquas. No ano 2013 foram obtidas a media de 203 síliquas por plantas. Já ano 2014, o número médio de síliquas foi de 126 unidades, a produtividade média foi de 899 kg ha-1. Foi observada interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o espaçamento e a densidade para a variável massa de mil grãos e teor de óleo. Com relação ao experimento com 13 genótipos, foi observada diferenças significativas com relação ao ciclo (p ≤ 0,05) onde o genótipo Hyola 401, Hyola 50, Hyola 565TT e Hyola 559TT demostraram o ciclo mais curto com 129 dias e da massa de mil grãos na qual os genótipos Hyola 76, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 559TT, W8006 e H92002 obtiveram o maior valor. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas demais variáveis. A média do rendimento de grãos dos genótipos testados foi de 1518 kg ha-1 e a média de teor de óleo de grãos foram de 42,45 %. As características agronômicas e os teores de óleo não foram influenciados pelos genótipos testados. No experimento com 5 genótipos de canola, no ano de 2014, as semeaduras feitas em 28/05 obtiveram 31% a mais de produtividade, o Hyola 411 obteve o rendimento médio de 1.367 kg ha-1 de grãos de canola, sendo 25% superiores à média dos demais híbridos estudados. Já em 2015, o estudo com os mesmos materiais não evidenciou diferenças significativas de rendimento de grãos. Diferente ao encontrado para a produtividade de grãos entre híbridos, na safra 2015, não se detectou diferença significativa entre a semeadura em 20/04 ou 20/05. O teor médio de óleo nos grãos foi de 39% e também não se detectaram diferenças significativas entre híbridos e época de semeadura.

Uma doença, denominada de enfezamento, de etiologia desconhecida, tem sido observada nos campos de cultivo de repolho da região do cinturão verde de São Paulo. A doença tem causado sérios danos à cultura nos últimos anos. A sintomatologia apresentada pelas plantas afetadas tem sido caracterizada por clorose foliar, avermelhamento das nervuras e do limbo, enfezamento generalizado, proliferação de brotos e má formação da cabeça, de folhas e órgãos florais. A presença destes sintomas levou à suspeita da ocorrência de fitoplasma associado à doença. Com o objetivo de investigar o possível agente etiológico, plantas de repolho naturalmente infectadas foram coletadas em São Paulo e também nos Estados do Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul, onde a doença, recentemente, tem ocorrido com alta intensidade. Cigarrinhas que ocorrem em cultivos comerciais também foram amostradas em campos de Ibiúna/SP. Após a extração, o DNA total foi submetido ao teste de duplo PCR empregando-se os pares de primers universais P1/Tint e R16F2n/R2 e os pares específicos para identificação de fitoplasmas. Análises de PCR mostraram a amplificação consistente de fragmentos de DNA de 1,2 kb, evidenciando a associação constante de fitoplasma com tecidos das plantas sintomáticas e de insetos. O uso de primers específicos para identificação demonstrou a ocorrência de fitoplasmas afiliados ao grupos 16SrI e 16SrIII, tanto em repolho como nas cigarrinhas. Análises de RFLP, usando as enzimas de restrição AluI, Bsh 12361, HhaI HpaII, KpnI, MboI, MseI e RsaI confirmaram a ocorrência de fitoplasmas pertencentes aos referidos grupos no material vegetal e nos insetos. O padrão espacial de plantas sintomáticas no campo foi do tipo agregado e não houve evidência da disseminação planta a planta, indicando um papel mais importante do comportamento do vetor no arranjo espacial da doença do que de influências do patógeno ou do hospedeiro. / A disease called stunt, of unknown etiology, has occurred in cabbage crops located in the green belt region of the São Paulo State (Brazil). The disease has caused serious yield losses in the last years. The symptomatology exhibited by the affected plants has been characterized by foliar chlorosis, intense red coloration of leafs, general stunt, shoot proliferation and malformation of heads, leaves and floral parts. The presence of those symptoms suggested the occurrence of phytoplasma associated with the disease. In order to investigate the possible agent of the disease, naturally infected cabbage plants were collected from the States of São Paulo, and also from Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, where the disease has occurred recently with level of intensity. Leafhoppers present in cabbage fields were sampled from Ibiúna, in São Paulo State. Total DNA was extracted and submitted to nested PCR with the universal primer pairs P1/Tint and R16 F2n/R2 and specific primers for phytoplasmas identification. PCR assays revealed the amplification of DNA fragments of 1.2kb, demonstrating consistently the presence of phytoplasma in the tissues from symptomatic plants and insects. Specific primers revealed the occurrence of phytoplasmas affiliated with the groups 16SrI and 16SrIII, both cabbage plants and leafhoppers. RFLP analyses using the restriction enzymes AluI, Bsh 12361, HhaI, HpaII, KpnI, MboI, MseI and RsaI confirmed the occurrence of phytoplasmas belonging to the same groups in plants and insects. Spatial pattern of symptomatic plants in the field was aggregated and there was no evidence of the spread plant-to-plant. This indicates a more important role of the vector behavior on spatial pattern than influences of the pathogen or host.

No description available.

Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa co-infect winter oilseed rape plants to cause phoma stem canker disease. The sexual spores of both species are produced in pseudothecia on infected winter oilseed rape stem debris after harvest and this is the most important source of inoculum for infection of newly-emerged plants in autumn. Field experiments investigated the effects of host resistance on proportions of pathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa in most leaf and stem tissues during 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons and on the pseudothecial development on crop debris on nine winter oilseed rape cultivars; cvs Adriana (Rlm4 + quantitative resistance (QR)), Bilbao (Rlm4), Capitol (Rlm1), Drakkar (no R gene against L. maculans), DK Cabernet (Rlm1 + (QR), Es-Astrid (QR), Excel (Rlm7), Roxet (Rlm7) and NK Grandia (QR). Cultivars with a combination of R-gene resistance and QR [Adriana (Rlm4 + QR), DK Cabernet (Rlm1 + QR)] or cultivars with only QR [(Es-Astrid and NK Grandia)] had more numbers of L. maculans leaf spots than other cultivars in autumn but less stem canker damage. There was greater number of L. biglobosa leaf spots on leaves of cvs Roxet and Excel with resistance gene Rlm7 than those of other cultivars and later more L. biglobosa DNA was detected in their stems than in those of other cultivars. In all cultivars in the three growing seasons, there was a greater amount of L. biglobosa DNA than L. maculans DNA in basal stem canker and upper stem lesions. The cv. Drakkar (no R gene against L. maculans) was susceptible in all three growing seasons, with a great number of L. maculans and L. biglobosa leaf spots and severe stem cankers. There were four cultivars (Adriana, Bilbao, Drakkar and NK Grandia) selected for the study of pseudothecial development under natural conditions with different times of exposure and in controlled environment conditions (20oC, continuous wetness). The fastest development was on the susceptible cv. Drakkar (no R gene against L. maculans), followed by Bilbao (Rlm4), Adriana (Rlm4 + QR) and NK Grandia (QR) for stem base cankers and upper stem lesions in controlled conditions. Results for pseudothecial development on stems of the nine winter oilseed rape cultivars that were exposed in natural conditions at Bayfordbury support the controlled environment results, with pseudothecia on stems of cultivars with a combination R-gene and QR consistently maturing later than those on other cultivars, regardless of the weather conditions in three growing seasons. Ascospores produced in pseudothecia are the primary inoculum that initiate phoma stem canker epidemics in autumn. Ascospore release was later in autumn 2011 than in autumn/winter 2012/2013 or 2013/2014 because of dry weather. The pattern of ascospore release had a peak, or maximum in autumn/winter 2011/2012 (4958 spores/m-3 on 22 Jan 2012) and several maxima in autumn/winter 2012/2013 (1307 spores/m-3 on 5 Nov 2012, 1291 spores/m-3 on 15 Nov 2012, 1306 spores/m-3 on 25 Dec 2012) and 2013/2014 (4575 spores/m-3 on 27 Oct 2013, 4619 spores/m-3 on 3 Nov 2013, 3674 spores/m-3 on 9 Nov 2013, 3521 spores/m-3 on 12 Dec 2013). Results from the qPCR showed that ascospores of L. maculans were released earlier than ascospores of L. biglobosa at Bayfordbury in the 2013/2014 growing season. There were differences in phenotype of isolates amongst ninety-five isolates of L. maculans and forty-eight isolates of L. biglobosa obtained from different sources (phoma leaf spots, upper stem lesions or basal stem cankers) on different cultivars. Cotyledon tests showed that the resistance genes Rlm4, Rlm5, Rlm6 and Rlm7 are still effective in England. Most isolates from phoma leaf spots carried avirulent AvrLm4 (39 isolates; 97.5%), AvrLm5 (39 isolates; 97.5%) and AvrLm6 alleles (36 isolates; 90%) and all 40 isolates carried the avirulent allele AvrLm7 (100%). Fewer isolates from basal stem cankers carried avirulent AvrLm4 (4 isolates, 16.7%) or AvrLm6 alleles (16.7%) but all 24 isolates carried the avirulent AvrLm7 (100%). Fewer isolates from upper stem lesions carried the avirulent AvrLm4 allele (5 isolates; 16.1%), but 15 isolates carried avirulent AvrLm5 (48.4%), 21 isolates carried AvrLm6 (67.7%) and all 31 isolates carried AvrLm7 (100%). By contrast, all isolates were virulent against Rlm1, Rlm2, Rlm3 and Rlm9. This knowledge, together with knowledge about R genes present in current winter oilseed rape cultivars, should be useful to provide recommendations on cultivar selection to growers based on regional frequencies of avirulent alleles of Avr allele genes in the L. maculans populations (races) and improved understanding of the race structure of L. maculans. There is a need to further investigate any R genes that operate against L. biglobosa (possibly from wild brassicas) and to study if any R genes or QR can provide resistance against both L. maculans and L. biglobosa.

Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-09-26T11:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 872865 bytes, checksum: 88930094f653e71d4ddb567b7d43027b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T11:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 872865 bytes, checksum: 88930094f653e71d4ddb567b7d43027b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Entre as alternativas para substituir ou complementar a adubação mineral se encontra a adubação verde, sobressaindo as espécies de leguminosas e gramíneas puras e em misturas. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a decomposição da massa e a mineralização de nutrientes de adubos verdes compostos por diferentes proporções de leguminosa na mistura com gramínea em condições tropicais; estudar a contribuição desses nutrientes no crescimento e produção de brócolis, na composição química da solução do solo e o efeito residual em cultivos subsequentes de brócolis e braquiária; avaliar as mudanças nas trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a e o metabolismo em folhas de brócolis sob os diferentes adubos verdes e determinar a eficiência nutricional destes no cultivo de brócolis e nos cultivos subsequentes de brócolis e braquiária. Foram realizados dois experimentos em paralelo compostos por massa de feijão-de-porco (FP) e milheto (M) pura e em misturas. No primeiro, avaliou-se a decomposição da massa e mineralização de nutrientes dos adubos verdes 100FP, 75FP25M, 50FP50M, 25FP75M, 100M, em vasos de 12L preenchidos com solo e em quantidade de massa equivalente a área do vaso. Foram feitas coletas aos 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. O outro experimento consistiu de seis tratamentos: Testemunha, 100FP, 75FP25M, 50FP50M, 25FP75M e 100M. Os adubos verdes foram aplicados sobre o solo do vaso de 70L no mesmo dia do transplante das mudas de brócolis. Avaliou-se o efeito residual dos adubos verdes nos mesmos vasos do primeiro cultivo de brócolis, com o transplante subsequente do segundo cultivo de brócolis e, após, a semeadura de braquiária sem nenhuma adubação. Após 40 dias do transplante, foi realizada a avaliação das trocas gasosas e coleta de folhas para análises bioquímicas. Também foi feita a avaliação da eficiência nutricional do primeiro cultivo de brócolis e a de nitrogênio dos outros cultivos em sucessão. As características químicas dos adubos verdes variaram de acordo com as misturas de leguminosa e gramínea. Em 100FP houve maior teor de N, menores teores de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina, e menores relação C/N e lignina/N, e resultados opostos foram encontrados em 100M. Houve maior mineralização na maioria dos nutrientes nas maiores proporções de feijão-de-porco na mistura. Houve maior crescimento, acúmulo de matéria seca e de nutrientes na parte aérea das plantas de brócolis nas maiores proporções de feijão-de-porco, assim como maior disponibilidade de nutrientes na solução do solo e efeito residual destes tratamentos no cultivo subsequente de brócolis e braquiária devido a maior mineralização de nutrientes, principalmente N. Maior conteúdo de proteínas, malato, glicose e aminoácidos e menor conteúdo de amido foram encontrados em folhas de brócolis, sem diferenças nas trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a. De forma geral, todos os índices de eficiência foram maiores no adubo verde com maior proporção de leguminosa, intermediário nas misturas e menores no adubo verde composto unicamente por milheto. As maiores proporções de feijão-de-porco na mistura dos adubos verdes levam à maior mineralização de nutrientes e maior concentração destes na solução do solo. Em consequência, maior crescimento e produção de plantas de brócolis sustentadas pelo maior conteúdo de proteínas e aminoácidos no primeiro cultivo e com efeito residual nos cultivos subsequentes. / Green manure is one of the alternatives to substitute or complement mineral fertilization, mainly the ones with pure or mixed legumes and grasses. The aims of this study were to evaluate mass decomposition and mineralization of nutrients on green manure composed of different proportions of legumes and grasses under tropical conditions; to study the contribution of these nutrients in the growth and production of broccoli, in the chemical composition of soil solution and in the residual effect on subsequent broccoli and brachiaria cultivation; to evaluate the variations on gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical activities on broccoli leaves under the use of different green manures; and to determine its nutritional efficiency on subsequent broccoli and brachiaria cultivation. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously composed of pure and mixed jack beans (JB) mass and millet (M). One to evaluate mass decomposition and mineralization of nutrients in green manures 100JB, 75JB25M, 50JB50M, 25JB75M and 100M, disposed in 12L vases filled with its equivalent mass in soil. Samples were collected before the treatments were applied and also 40, 80, 120 and 160 days after. The other experiment consisted of six different treatments: control, 100JB, 75JB25M, 50JB50M, 25JB75M and 100M. Green manures were applied on the soil in the 70L vase on the same day of broccoli seeding transplantation. After 40 days, an evaluation on gas changes was conducted and leaves were collect to biochemical analysis. Evaluations on residual effects of green manure were conducted on the same vases in the first broccoli cultivation, in the subsequent transplantation on the second broccoli cultivation and after the brachiaria sowing with no fertilization. Evaluations were also conducted to check the nutritional efficiency on the first broccoli cultivation and nitrogen on the subsequent crops. The chemical characteristics of green manures varied according to the mixtures of legumes and grasses. In 100JB, there was a higher level of N, lower levels of cellulose, hemicellulose e lignin and lower C/N and lignin/N ratios. Opposed results were found for 100M. Mineralization of great part of nutrients was higher where the amount of jack beans in the mixture was larger. There was also higher growth, dry matter and nutrients accumulation on the aerial part of broccoli when larger proportions of jack beans were present, as well as higher nutrients available on soil solution and residual effects of those treatments on the subsequent broccoli and brachiaria cultivation due to higher mineralization of nutrients, mainly N. Larger amounts of protein, malate, glucose and aminoacids, and lower amount of amid where found in broccoli leaves, but no difference in gas changes or chlorophyll fluorescence. As a whole, all efficiency levels were higher in green manures with larger amounts of legumes, intermediate in the mixtures and lower in green manure composed solely of millet. Larger amounts of jack beans in the mixtures of green manures result in higher mineralization of nutrients and its concentration on soil solution. As a result, there was higher growth and production of broccoli sustained by larger amounts of protein, amino acids on the first cultivation and residual effects on the subsequent crops.

Orientador: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Coorientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Banca: Rosemary Marques de Almeida Bertani / Banca: Luis Felipe Villani Purquerio / Banca: Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim / Banca: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes / Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar diferentes fontes e doses de fósforo na produção de brócolis e, posteriormente, o efeito residual desta adubação nas culturas de beterraba e chicória. Foram realizados quatro experimentos na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP/FCA em São Manuel-SP. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas quatro fontes (termofosfato -TM, fosfato natural-FN, fosfato natural reativo-FNR e superfosfato triplo-ST) e quatro doses de fósforo (0, 300, 600, 900 e 1200 kg ha-1 de P2O5). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No segundo experimento avaliaram-se quatro fontes de fósforo (TM, FN, FNR e ST) na presença e ausência de composto orgânico no plantio. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 e quatro repetições. O terceiro e quarto experimento avaliaram o efeito residual das adubações do primeiro e segundo experimento nas culturas de beterraba e chicória. No primeiro experimento, verificou-se que as fontes TM e ST na dose de 780 kg ha-1 de P2O5 proporcionaram maior produtividade. Para a fonte FN, quanto maior a dose, maior a produtividade. No segundo experimento, a fonte ST proporcionou maior produtividade e acúmulo de P no brócolis, enquanto a fonte TM resultou em melhores propriedades químicas do solo. A aplicação do composto orgânico promoveu melhoria na fertilidade do solo e produção do brócolis. No terceiro experimento, a produção de beterraba obteve aumento linear em função do aumento das do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objectives of this work were to evaluate different sources and rates of phosphorus in the production of broccoli and, later, the residual effect of this fertilization on beet and chicory crops. Four experiments were conducted at the UNESP / FCA Experimental Farm in São Manuel-SP. In the first experiment, four sources (thermophosphate-TM, natural phosphate-FN, natural reactive phosphateFNR and triple super-phosphate) and four phosphorus doses (0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The design was in a randomized block design, with four replications. In the second experiment four phosphorus sources (TM, FN, FNR and ST) were evaluated in the presence and absence of organic compound at planting. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme and four replications. The third and fourth experiments evaluated the residual effect of the fertilizers of the first and second experiments on beet and chicory crops. In the first experiment, TM and ST sources at 780 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were found to provide higher productivity. For the FN source, the higher the dose, the higher the productivity. In the second experiment, the ST source provided higher productivity and P accumulation in the broccoli, while the TM source resulted in better soil chemical properties. The application of the organic compound promoted improvement in soil fertility and broccoli production. In the third experiment, beet production increased linearly as a result of increasing residual phosphorus levels in all sources and a higher productivity was observed with ST source. The chicory production presented a linear increase with the sources FN and ST and quadratic adjustment with the sources TM and FNR, at the maximum residual doses estimated at 813 and 700 kg ha-1 of P2O5. / Doutor

Orientador: Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes / Resumo: O sistema de consorciação é uma tecnologia muito utilizada na produção de hortaliças, e que influencia profundamente a produtividade das culturas, além de gerar inúmeras vantagens fitotécnicas quando manejado adequadamente; tornando-se necessários maiores estudos sobre época de estabelecimento dos consórcios, uma vez que esta afeta o período de convivência entre as espécies com reflexo nas produtividades. O objetivo foi avaliar e quantificar, por meio de índices agronômicos e ecológicos, a interação entre couve e almeirão em cultivos consorciados, distintos quanto à época de transplante do almeirão em relação à couve. Foi realizado um experimento em campo, em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, no período de maio a novembro de 2018. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 9 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 + 1, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram sistema de cultivo (consórcio e monocultura) e épocas de transplante do almeirão (0, 14, 28 e 42 dias após o transplante (DAT) em relação à couve, e a monocultura da couve. A produtividade da couve ‘HS-20’ em consórcio com almeirão ‘Folha Larga’ aumentou com o atraso de transplante do almeirão. A produtividade total e por colheita do almeirão não foi influenciada pela época de transplante. Consórcio de couve e almeirão proporciona maior eficiência no uso da área que suas monoculturas, e atingiu o valor máximo quanto o transplante ocorreu aos 42 dias após o transplante da couve. Os índices ecológicos atestam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The intercropping system is a technology very used in the production of vegetable, which deeply influences crop productivity, besides generating numerous phytotechnical advantages when properly managed; further studies of the intercropping establishment times are needs, since it affects the coexistence period among the species, with a reflection on the productivities .The experiment were carried out under field condition in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil in the period of May to November of 2018. in order to evaluating and quantifying by means of agronomic and ecological indices, the interaction of the species of collard green and chicory in intercropping, different regarding the time of transplanting of chicory relative to collard green. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 9 treatments, in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors evaluated were the cultivation system (intercropping and monoculture) and chicory transplant times (0, 14, 28 and 42 days after transplanting (DAT) relative to collard green and one monoculture of collard green. The yield of collard green 'HS-20’ in intercropping with chicory 'Folha Larga' increased with the delayed transplantation time of the chicory. The total yield and yield per harvest of the chicory was not influenced by the time of transplantation. The collard green and chicory in intercropping provides greater efficiency in the use of the area than their monocultures, and reached the maximum value whe... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Saprophytic fungi can be paired with companion crops in interplant systems to increase production efficiency. However, fungal species/strain, substrate, and inoculation rate can affect the growth of companion crops. This project investigated the viability of open-field mushroom production by interplanting three strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Elm A, Elm B, and 8801) with kale (B. oleracea var. acephala) and forage radish (Raphanus raphanistrub sub. sativus), and measured the effect of interplanting on plant yield over two field seasons. In the field, Elm A showed an increase in plant yield at a low inoculation rate and decrease in plant yield at a high inoculation rate, compared to the untreated. Conversely, 8801 showed a reduction in plant yield at high and low inoculation rates in the field. Elm B at a high rate showed a reduction in plant yield both in the field and greenhouse. Kale was grown in hydroponics with fungal secretions added at a range of concentrations (10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ppm). Elm A showed an overall increase in plant yield in hydroponics, and Elm B showed an overall decrease in plant yield, compared to the untreated. Mushroom production was low in field plots and was not a commercially viable option. Pleurotus ostreatus interplanting methods with companion crops need improvement to make this a commercially viable practice.

Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38) is an allotetraploid species derived from the parentel diploid species Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) and Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n = 18). The aim of thesis was to carry out the genetic and epigenetic analysis of high-copy rRNA genes (or rDNA) in several varieties of hybrid species B. napus. The experiments involved determining the ratio of parental genes in hybrids, sequencing and methylation analysis of the promoter region of rDNA. Using Southern hybridization, it was revealed significant variability in the number of parental rDNA units between each variety. Data from sequence analysis were in good agreement with the results of Southern blot. Genetic recombination between parental rDNA units was revealed in one variety by DNA sequencing of promotor region. To study methylation, bisulfite sequencing was performed. It was found out that rDNA units of B. rapa origin have a higher value of methylation than units originated from B. oleracea.

Orientador: Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Coorientador: Goto Rumy / Banca: Hur Mattiuz / Banca: Luciana Manoel de Oliveira / Resumo: O repolho é uma hortaliça que se destaca como fonte de β-caroteno, vitamina C, fornece de vitaminas B1, B2, E e K, além de sais minerais. O mercado de produtos orgânicos vem crescendo muito nos últimos anos, sendo uma ótima alternativa para os pequenos agricultores, já que utiliza menor quantidade de insumos agrícolas e proporcionam alto valor agregado dos produtos, devido à preferência dos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis Os compostos clorados são amplamente utilizados como sanitizantes, porém apresentam a desvantagem da formação de subprodutos (organoclorados). Por outro lado, o ozônio é considerado um sanitizante alternativo devido as suas características de instabilidade e não formação de subprodutos. O modo de cultivo, armazenamento, ambiente, assim como o clima influenciam nas qualidades nutricionais dos vegetais. O objetivo do capítulo I foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de cultivo e água ozonizada durante a pós colheita de repolhos, através da análise de compostos com atividade antioxidante. No segundo capítulo objetivou-se avaliar a influência do tipo de cultivo na produção de repolho e na composição nutricional de repolho. No capítulo I avaliou-se os teores de fenóis totais, flavonóides totais, ácido ascórbico, clorofila total, nitrato, poliaminas e atividade antioxidante; além da presença de pesticida e micro-organismos. As análises foram realizadas nos períodos de 0, 12 e 20 dias de armazenamento em câmara fria e aos 12 dias em câmara fria +4 dias de ambiente e 20 dias em câmara fria +4 dias de ambiente (simulação de comercialização). As características avaliadas no capítulo II foram produção em massa fresca de repolho por unidade de área;ciclo de cultivo; peso da cabeça (PC); diâmetro do caule (DC); índice de formato de cabeça (IFC); o número de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cabbage is a vegetable that stands out as a source of β-carotene, vitamin C, provides vitamins B1, B2, E and K, and minerals. The market for organic products has grown considerably in recent years and is a great alternative for small farmers, since it uses fewer inputs and have a high added value, due to consumer preference for healthier foods chlorinated compounds are widely used as sanitizers, but have the disadvantage of formation of bioproducts (organochlorines), moreover, ozone is considered a sanitizing alternative due to its characteristics of instability and no formation of bioproducts. The cultivation method, storage environment and climate can affect the nutritional quality of plants. Chapter I one aimed to evaluate two crop systems and ozonized water on cabbage post-harvest, through antioxidant compounds. The second chapter aimed to evaluate nutritional cabbage characteristics. The evaluation of levels of total phenols, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, nitrate, polyamines and antioxidant activity during periods of 0, 12 and 20 days of cold storage and 12 days in cold storage + 4 days room temperature and 20 days in cold storage + 4 days room temperature ( commercialization simulation). The characteristics were evaluated in Chapter II mass production of fresh cabbage per unit area; crop cycle; head weight (BW), stem diameter (DC), head shape index (SFI). The number of components leaves skirt (NF), occurrence of pests and diseases besides pesticide analysis. After classifying the cabbages were selected, cleaned and subjected to nutritional analyzes of: carbohydrates, protein, carotene, fiber and lipids. For the chapter I, it can be concluded that from the results, we cannot say that the organics were better than conventional. The sanitizers used did not influence the antioxidant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre