Orientador: Marco Eustáquio de Sá / Resumo: As relações entre vigor de sementes e desempenho em campo ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidas, sendo questionável se estes efeitos se estendem até estádios fenológicos mais avançados e se afetam a produção da cultura. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos na produção de mudas e de plantas de couve-flor com uso de doses de produto à base de Bacillus subtilis no tratamento de sementes. O estudo foi realizado no ano de 2019, sendo o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados (campo) e delineamento inteiramente casualizado (análises laboratoriais) em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi cultivar: Sharon e Barcelona, os tratamentos foram constituídos do tratamento de sementes com produto à base de B. subtilis (FMT001) em cinco doses (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mL por 10 kg de sementes) e o terceiro fator foi localidade: Ilha Solteira/SP e Junqueirópolis/SP. Foram avaliados o vigor das sementes e as características produtivas da cultura: massas da parte aérea, raiz e inflorescência, número de folhas, diâmetro da inflorescência, produtividade e teor de macronutrientes das inflorescências. Os resultados mostraram que as doses de 200 e 400 mL favorecem o aumento da porcentagem de plântulas fortes dos cultivares Barcelona e Sharon, respectivamente. Em Ilha Solteira, o cultivar Barcelona expressou incremento na massa de parte aérea e de raiz nas doses de 100, 200 e 300 mL, em Junqueirópolis, o cultivar Sharon apresentou aumento na massa da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Resumo: O cozimento além de facilitar a digestibilidade e a palatabilidade dos vegetais, pode alterar a biodisponibilidade de micronutrientes. As couves-flores são normalmente consumidas após processamento térmico e apresentam níveis elevados de compostos bioativos que influenciam na saúde humana, especialmente na prevenção as doenças crônicas. Estes compostos possuem atividade antioxidante que confere proteção e auxilia o organismo humano a eliminar os radiacias livres, componentes centrais das regulações metabólicas induzidas por doenças crônicas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tempo e tipo de cozimento (fervura, vapor e micro-ondas) sobre as características bioquímicas de quatro genótipos de couve-flor colorida (‘Verde di Macerata’, ‘Cheddar’, ‘Forata’ e ‘Graffiti’). Em um primeiro momento, foi determinado o perfil físico-químico das couves-flores coloridas. Os floretes foram submetidos aos tratamentos térmicos por 5 e 10 min e após foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas. O processamento em ebulição resultou em perdas significativas de sólidos solúveis totais e carboidratos solúveis totais, diferentemente dos métodos onde foram utilizadas menores quantidades de água para o processamento das inflorescências (i.e., micro-ondas e vapor). Os métodos a vapor e micro-ondas resultaram em valores superiores de sólidos solúveis, independente do genótipo analisado. O cozimento dos floretes em ebulição reduziu significativamente os teores da maioria dos co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The cooking process, besides facilitating the digestibility and palatability of vegetables, can alter the bioavailability of micronutrients. The cauliflowers are usually consumed after a thermal process and present high levels of bioactive compounds that positively affect the human health, particularly in chronic disease prevention. The compounds possess antioxidant activity that provides protection and assists the human organism in eliminating free radicals, central compounds in metabolic regulations induced by chronic diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of time and cooking procedure (boiling, steaming and microwaving) over the biochemical characteristics of four genotypes of colored cauliflowers (‘Verde di Macerata’, ‘Cheddar’, ‘Forata’ e ‘Gradffiti’). Firstly, the physicochemical profile of the colored cauliflowers was determined. The cauliflowers were subjected to the thermal processes for 5 and 10 minutes and physicochemical analysis were performed. The boiling process resulted in significant losses of total soluble solids and total soluble carbohydrates, unlike the methods where smaller amounts of water were used for processing the inflorescences (i.e., microwaving and steaming). The steaming and microwaving methods resulted in superior values of soluble solids, independently of the analyzed genotype. The cooking of the inflorescences by boiling reduced significantly the contents of the majority of the analyzed chemical compounds (titr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Estudia la actividad citotóxica en líneas celulares tumorales y no tumorales (H460, DU 145, MCF-7, M-14, K562, HT-29, BALB/c 3T3 y VERO), por medio del método de la sulforodamina B, y en huevos fértiles de erizo de mar; así como, la actividad antioxidante con el reactivo DPPH, de los glucosinolatos aislados de las semillas de las especies vegetales Brassica rapa subsp campestris y Brassica nigra, recolectadas en la provincia de Canta, departamento de Lima-Perú. Las semillas fueron trituradas, desengrasadas y extraídas en metanol, se caracterizó los glucosinolatos mediante una cromatografía en papel, utilizando el método de nitrato de plata-solución de hidróxido de sodio. Los glucosinolatos fueron aislados por cromatografía en columna, utilizando como solvente metanol y como soporte, celulosa y alúmina. Se caracterizó la presencia de bencilisotiocianato por HPLC y se cuantificó los glucosinolatos por el método del timol. Se encontraron 46.6 mg% y 41 mg% de glucosinolatos en B. rapa subsp campestris y Brassica nigra, respectivamente; y se identificó bencilisotiocianato en el cromatograma HPLC. En el estudio antioxidante, la CI 50 de los glucosinolatos de B. rapa subsp campestris fue de 5,79 ug/mL y en Brassica nigra fue de 0,26 ug/mL. Los glucosinolatos de B. rapa subsp campestris presentaron un efecto citotóxico a 0,5 y 1 ug/mL, en huevos de erizo de mar, y una mayor citotoxicidad (CI50 1,6 ug/mL) para las células de leucemia K562 que para las otras líneas celulares. Los glucosinolatos de Brassica nigra presentaron un efecto citotóxico a 0,1 y 0,5 ug/mL, en huevos de erizo de mar; y una citotoxicidad mayor para practicamente todas las líneas celulares, en comparación con B. rapa subsp campestris. Los glucosinolatos y su producto de degradación, isotiocianatos, aislados de Brassica rapa subsp campestris se vislumbran como un potencial agente anticancerígeno para las células de leucemia K562. / Tesis

This thesis follow up influence of fertilization on yield and oil content of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). There were used fertilizers based on ammonium sulfate in the regeneration (BBCH 26, spring) and production fertilization (BBCH 31) during vegetation phase of oilseed rape. The issue was solved as a two-year small-plot field experiment carried out in the vegetation seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at the Field Experimental Station in Žabčice. The following variants were included in the experiment: Control (CAN), Ammonium sulfate (AS), Ammonium sulfate with boron (AS + B), Ammonium sulfate with nitrification inhibitor (AS + IN). Each fertilization variant was applied either as regenerative fertilization (BBCH 26) or first production fertilization (BBCH 31). The yield of seeds and also their oil content was significantly influenced by the vegetation season. Yield in the vegetation season 2017/2018 were higher by 41 % than in the vegetation season 2016/2017 because of weather conditions. The oil content was higher by 4 % in the vegetation season 2017/2018. The yield of seeds and also their oil content were not significantly influenced by the fertilization variant or by the vegetation phase of application. The highest average yield 4,23 t/ha was variant Control. The Control also was the highest average oil content of 40,2 %. High temperatures during both years reduced the efficiency of nitrification inhibitor. Fertilization with a boron-containing fertilizer had no effect because of drought and pH.

This dissertation contains three research chapters conducted on Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of canola (Brassica napus L.). This disease is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and is considered endemic in canola-producing areas of North Dakota. The first research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of eight phenotyping scoring systems and nine variant calling and filtering methods in detection of QTL associated with response to SSR. The study, conducted on two doubled-haploid mapping populations, showed that using multiple phenotypic data sets derived from lesion length and plant mortality and imputing missing genotypic data increased the number of QTL detected without negatively affecting the effect (R2) of QTL. Nineteen QTL were detected on chromosomes A02, A07, A09, C01, and C03 in this study. The second research chapter presents results of a work that assessed the role of temperature regimes and wetness duration on S. sclerotiorum ascospore germination and ascosporic infection efficiency. This study showed that optimum ascospore germination occurred at 21 °C while it significantly decreased at 10 and 30 °C. Infection efficacy experiments indicated that extreme temperatures and interrupting wet periods were detrimental for the disease development. A logistic regression model with 75% accuracy was developed for the disease perdition. The third research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of temperature on mycelial growth of 19 S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from different geographical regions and on SSR development on plant introduction (PI) lines with different levels of resistance. Mycelial growth and disease development peaked at 25 °C. While lesion expansion on resistant cultivars and the susceptible check was negatively affected at 30 °C, the disease developed significantly on the PI with a high level of susceptibility. Results of these studies provide insights into integrated management strategies of SSR.

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京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13498号 / 論農博第2902号 / 新制||農||1093(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5404(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 中﨑 鉄也, 教授 土井 元章, 教授 田尾 龍太郎 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a serious pest of crucifer vegetables (Brassica sp.) worldwide because of a lack of effective natural enemies in certain regions and because of insecticide resistance. In 2003, laboratory and field studies were initiated in Virginia to better understand P. xylostella, its primary natural enemies, and their susceptibilities to insecticides in order to develop an economically and environmentally sound integrated pest management program for collards in the state. Ecological life table studies of P. xylostella immature stages on collards located on the Eastern Shore and on Kentland Farm, near Blacksburg at the New River Valley, VA revealed that most (98 to 99%) of P. xylostella died from natural causes. Mortality factors varied between the two regions. Neonates, small larvae, and large larvae disappearing were major mortality factors. Rainfall, predation, and dispersal probably contributed the most to this mortality. Egg mortality played a bigger role at the New River Valley compared with the Eastern Shore. Three parasitoid species were found that contributed to the mortality of P. xylostella: Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae); Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); and Microplitis plutellae (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Additional studies conducted in the laboratory using leaf-dip bioassays revealed that P. xylostella collected from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, showed significant tolerance levels to esfenvalerate, acetamiprid, methomyl, methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, and acephate compared with a susceptible strain of P. xylostella. The highest tolerance ratio (1,876 fold) was to esfenvalerate, a commonly-used pyrethroid. All of the insecticides tested in this study were quite toxic to the adult stage of the parasitoids, D. insulare and O. sokolowskii. The insect growth regulator, methoxyfenozide was considerably less toxic than other insecticides such as esfenvalerate, methomyl, acephate, spinosad, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate at field-rate and 1% of field-rate concentrations. The aforementioned insecticides as well as some other insecticides were evaluated several times in the field for efficacy against P. xylostella as well as other pests of collards. The most efficacious insecticides over five field experiments included acephate, emamectin benzoate, esfenvalerate, methomyl, methoxyfenozide, novaluron, indoxacarb, and spinosad. These insecticides were followed in relative efficacy by Bt kurstaki, acetamiprid, and azadirachtin, which provided relatively inconsistent control of lepidopteran larvae over the experiments. Effective insecticide options in collards that are less toxic to natural enemies and that can fit well into integrated pest management programs include indoxacarb, spinosad, novaluron, emamectin benzoate, methoxyfenozide, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. / Ph. D.