Orientador: Peter James Harris / Banca: Lauro Maia Amorim / Banca: João Luís Cardoso Tápias Ceccantini / Resumo: Publicada em 1865 e considerada obra nonsense, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland é o livro mais conhecido de Lewis Carroll (pseudônimo de Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). Escrito e publicado no período vitoriano, Alice apresenta um cenário repleto de fantasia onde a protagonista vive suas aventuras, que são vistas por muitos leitores como algo meramente fantasioso e desprovido de lógica. A partir de leituras relacionadas à sociedade vitoriana e ao discurso histórico, percebe-se que os acontecimentos e experiências experimentados pela garota são permeados por traços irônicos relativos à sociedade em que Alice vivia. A presente dissertação propõe, com base no estudo da narrativa histórica realizado por Hayden White, particularmente a questão do tropo da ironia, o entendimento de como o discurso no Alice é relacionado a implicações da ideologia da época. No âmbito da História da época e das técnicas discursivas utilizadas pelo autor o presente trabalho resgata alguns dos aspectos históricos ironizados por Carroll, utilizando não somente os estudos relacionados à linguagem e aos modos de elaboração de enredo de Hayden White (1994, 1995), mas também a história dos princípios educacionais da Inglaterra vitoriana, de Morais (2004) / Abstract: Published in 1865 and considered a work nonsense, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is the best-known book by Lewis Carroll (pen-name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). Written and published in the Victorian period, Alice is set in a fantastic scenario where the protagonist's adventures take place, and the book is seen by many readers as something merely fanciful and illogical. From readings related to Victorian society and historical discourse, it is clear that the events and experiences lived by the girl are permeated by ironic traces related to the society of Alice's day. The present dissertation, based on Hayden White's study of historical narrative, particularly the question of the trope of irony, proposes an understanding of how Carroll's discourse in Alice is related to implications of the prevailing ideology. In the context of the history of the period and of the discursive techniques used by the author the present study examines some of the historical aspects satirised by Carroll, utilising not only Hayden White's studies of language and modes of plot development (1994, 1995), but also Morais's history of the principles of Victorian education, Morais (2004) / Mestre

Orientador: Alvaro Luiz Hattnher / Banca: Maria Celeste Tommasello Ramos / Banca: Márcio Roberto do Prado / Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o modo como a figura do herói é construída em um romance contemporâneo e, a partir dos dados obtidos nesse estudo, entender a maneira como esse herói é traduzido para o suporte fílmico. Como base para meu trabalho, utilizo o romance Stardust (1999), do escritor inglês Neil Gaiman, e sua adaptação cinematográfica Stardust (2007), lançada no mesmo ano no Brasil sob o título de Stardust: o mistério da estrela. Como aporte teórico utilizo, principalmente, os textos de Campbell (2007), Propp (1978) e Simonsen (1987) no que concerne ao herói, sua jornada e como ele a enfrenta. Utilizarei também, especialmente, as teorias de Hutcheon (2006), Sanders (2006), Stam (2000) e Leitch (2007, 2008) no que refere-se ao estudo da adaptação de obras literárias; e os textos de Martin (2003), Xavier (2005) e Vanoye e Goliot-Lété (1994), sobretudo, ao comentar sobre o cinema, suas características e o modo como produz suas obras. Proponho aqui uma visão da adaptação enquanto obra artisticamente autônoma, bem como do herói como uma figura que, apesar de beber dos grandes clássicos, apresenta-se com novas características / Abstract: This study aims at analysing the way the figure of the hero is built in a contemporary novel and, from the data obtained, understanding the way the hero is translated to the filmic media. The corpus of the research was constituted by the novel Stardust (1999), by the English writer Neil Gaiman, and its film adaptation Stardust (2007), released in Brazil, in the same year, under the title Stardust: o mistério da estrela. As theoretical contribution I use, mainly, the texts by Campbell (2007), Propp (1978) and Simonsen (1987) regarding the hero, his journey and how he faces it. I will also use, specially, the theories of Hutcheon (2006), Sanders (2006), Stam (2000) and Leitch (2007, 2008) for the study of the adaptation of literary works; and the texts of Martin (2003), Xavier (2005) and Vanoye and Goliot-Lété (1994) to comment on film, its characteristics and the way it produces its works. I propose here a vision of the adaptation as an artistically independent work, and the hero as a figure that, despite the recurrent dialogue with the great classics, shows himself with new characteristics / Mestre

Tracing the Material considers how James Joyce’s Ulysses, Virginia Woolf’s The Years, and Samuel Beckett’s Murphy represent material spaces and objects as a way of engaging with the fraught histories of England and Ireland. I argue that these three writers use spaces and objects to think through and critique nineteenth and early twentieth-century conflicts and transitions, particularly in the areas of empire, nationalism, gender, and family. Writing in the 1920s and 1930s, in the decline of British ascendency, the rise of the Irish Free State, and between the World Wars, these writers seek to interpret their history through the material world as a way of articulating their political, cultural, and social dissatisfactions, and to imagine the future. Drawing in part from Walter Benjamin’s materialist historiography and Jacques Derrida’s texts on spectrality and mourning, I investigate how the material world becomes the means through which nations and individuals express their guilt and desires, mourn losses, cut their losses, articulate the present, and anticipate the future. A study of the material world in these novels thus yields insights into how literary texts respond to history, both overtly and implicitly, foregrounding the importance of physical spaces and things in the larger narratives of national and personal history. My dissertation offers a new understanding of the way twentieth-century literature navigates its history through materiality, destabilizes subject-object distinctions, and exposes the often-unexpected power of the non-human world.

Orientador: Peter James Harris / Banca: Alvaro Luiz Hattnher / Banca: Nilce Maria Pereira / Banca: Maria das Graças Gomes Villa da Silva / Banca: Ivan Marcos Ribeiro / Resumo: Esta tese propõe que todas as peças escritas por Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), a saber: Vera or, The Nihilists (1880), The Duchess of Padua (1883), Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), Salomé (1892), A Woman of No Importance (1894), An Ideal Husband (1895) e The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), podem ser analisadas de acordo com a perspectiva teórica de base estética da qual Wilde foi um dos expoentes maiores. O embasamento teórico-crítico de tal análise consiste dos ensaios críticos de Wilde ‗The Truth of Masks' (1885), ‗The Decay of Lying' (1889), ‗Pen, Pencil and Poison' (1889) e ‗The Critic as Artist' (1890), que foram posteriormente compilados em seu livro Intentions (1891). O presente estudo tem seus alicerces em minha dissertação de mestrado intitulada Oscar Wilde: teoria e prática, defendida em abril de 2011. Nessa dissertação, a peça The Importance of Being Earnest foi analisada sob essa mesma ótica e permitiu a compreensão da coerência entre a teoria e a prática de Oscar Wilde, uma vez que, nos resultados que foram obtidos, pode-se perceber que os elementos estruturais da peça, bem como seus elementos linguísticos, contêm veios estéticos profundos. Dessa maneira, o trabalho aqui desenvolvido averigua se a transposição da teoria em prática se dá em toda a composição dramática de Wilde ou se The Importance of Being Earnest é apenas um caso específico e isolado. Uma vez provada que a coerência wildeana se mantém, foi instaurado, então, um questionamento sobre a medida em que sua composição dramática está associada às suas próprias ponderações estéticas / Abstract: This doctoral thesis proposes that all the plays written by Oscar Wilde (1854 - 1900), namely Vera or, The Nihilists (1880), The Duchess of Padua (1883), Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), Salomé (1892), A Woman of No Importance (1894), An Ideal Husband (1895) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), can be analysed according to the aesthetic theoretical perspective of which Wilde was one of the major exponents. The theoretical basis for the analysis is to be found in Wilde's critical essays, ‗The Truth of Masks' (1885), ‗The Decay of Lying' (1889), ‗Pen, Pencil and Poison' (1889) and ‗The Critic as Artist' (1890), which were later published in Intentions (1891). The present study has its foundations in my MA dissertation, Oscar Wilde: teoria e prática, concluded in April 2011. In that work, Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest was analysed from the same perspective, which made it possible to perceive the consistency between Oscar Wilde's theory and practice, as the results proved that both the structural and the linguistic elements of the play contain deep aesthetic features. The work developed here is thus intended to verify whether the transposition from theory to practice occurs in Wilde's dramatic work as a whole, or whether The Importance of Being Earnest is a specific and isolated case. Since it was possible to demonstrate that Wilde's plays are indeed consistent with his aesthetic principles, the study goes on to investigate the extent to which his dramatic composition may be associated with his own aesthetic precepts / Doutor

This paper attempts to analyze Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses, its structure, multiple dimensions and characters through the lens of postcolonialism, separately from the infamous controversy. The thesis consists of three chapters which primarily deal with the themes of dehumanization, migration, exile, cultural contamination and possession (both literal and imaginary) of the territory through bodies. In addition to Rushdie's novel which lies in the core of this thesis, this paper also introduces a number of other literary texts and one film, all belonging to the authors coming from different backgrounds though curiously repeating and overlapping some of the notions when it comes to the portrayal of the migrants. Whereas the introduction of the thesis could be regarded as general, giving a necessary background to the reading of The Satanic Verses and outlining the methodology, the conclusion concerns not so much the repetition of what the chapters investigate, but rather draws the final line, discusses and interprets what the characters as well as entire narrative had arrived to. Whereas "the migrant can do without the journey altogether; it's no more than a necessary evil; the point is to arrive",1 Rushdie's novel seems to continuously enable movement rather than fixity. 1Salman Rushdie, The...

During the past five years, the literary critics have discovered William Blake, helping readers to understand clearly the various stages of development and the final form of the poet's entire mythology. And recent criticism has also clarified and expressed more systematically than earlier criticism certain features of Blake's total thought. Nevertheless, much recent criticism has hindered rather than helped the serious student of Blake's poetry.] Most critics treat Blake's poems as if they were only literary, completely avoiding discussion of their visual components. Yet, Blake clearly envisioned and intended that his reader view the poetry as a new form consisting of poetic text combined with visual art. Most of the entire published canon consists of pages reproduced in the method of what Blake called "illuminated printing" or "stereotype engraving," which employs border designs and/or illustrations in 2 conjunction with the poetic text. Of the 375 pages of the poetry published by Blake, only 38 pages of minor verse, all written when Blake was very young, appear in conventional printed form.

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I begin this thesis with a discussion of Neil Gaiman’s career and my interaction with his first novel, Neverwhere. I define time in the novel as the succession and interrelatedness of events and divide this definition into two perceptions: immediacy and graduality. I apply the former to the novel’s separate worlds, which are called London Above and London Below. London Above, in the perception of Richard Mayhew, the main character, favors immediacy and rejects graduality. Though his perception is incomplete, the nature of London Above makes him unsuitable for life there. London Below, on the other hand, exhibits both perceptions. Graduality’s influence on the two worlds shows a departure from Western conceptions of time that makes London Above and London Below a symbiotic that cannot be unified. This symbiosis can be allegorized as the hermeneutical gap. After examining similar concepts in Gaiman’s Stardust and American Gods, I conclude that Gaiman’s writing states that the permanently separated hermeneutical gap allows humanity to reflect upon itself.

Ascetic Citizens: Religious Austerity and Political Crisis in Anglo-American Literature, 1681-1799, attends to a number of scenes of voluntary self-restraint in literary, political, and religious writings of the long eighteenth century, scenes that stage, what Alexis de Tocqueville calls, “daily small acts of self-denial” in the service of the nation. Existing studies of asceticism in Anglo-American culture during the period are extremely slim. Ascetic Citizens fills an important gap in the scholarship by re-framing religious practices of seclusion and self-denial as a broadly-defined set of civic practices that permeate the political, religious, and gender discourses of late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Anglo-American culture. This thesis focuses on the transatlantic relevance of the ascetic citizen—a figure whose rhetorical utility derives from its capacity, as a marker of political and religious moderation, to deploy individual practices of religious austerity as a means of suturing extreme political binaries during times of political crisis. My conception of asceticism’s role in Anglo-American society is informed by an understanding of ascetic citizenship as a cluster of concepts and cultural practices linking the ascetic’s focus on bodily control to republican theories of political subjectivity. The notion that political membership presupposes a renunciation of personal liberties on the part of the individual citizen represents one of the key assumptions of ascetic citizenship. The future guarantee of individual political rights is ensured by present renunciations of self-interest. As such, the ascetic citizen functions according to the same economy by which the religious ascetic’s right to future eternal reward is ensured by present acts of pious self-abnegation. That is to say, republican political liberty is enabled by what we might call an ascetic prerequisite in which the voluntary self-sacrifice of civic rights guarantees the state’s protection of such rights from the infringements of one’s neighbour. While the abstemious nature of ascetic practice implies efficiency grounded in economic frugality, bodily self-restraint, and physical isolation, the ascetic citizen functions as the sanctioned perversion of a normative devotional practice that circumvents the division between profane self-interest and sacred disinterestedness. The relevance of ascetic citizenship to political culture is its political fluidity, its potential to exceed the ideological functions of the dominant culture while revealing the tension that exists between endorsement of, and dissent from, the civic norm. Counter-intuitively, the ascetic citizen’s practice is marked by a celebration of moderation, of the via media. Forging a space at the threshold between endorsement/dissent, the ascetic citizen maps the dialectic movement of cultural extremism, forging a rhetorically useful site of ascetic deferral characterized by the subject’s ascetic withdrawal from making critical decisions. Ascetic Citizens provides a detailed investigation of how eighteenth-century Anglo-American authors such as Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Hannah Webster Foster, and Charles Brockden Brown conceive of individual subjectivity as it exists in the pause or retired moment between competing political orders.