No description available.

This study is an inter-disciplinary investigation into the nature of corporate strategy and the forces shaping industrial development with particular reference to a science based industry such as the chemical industry. The central objective of the study 1S to analyse the critical role of technological change as a major force ln strategic planning - a largely neglected area in the literature on corporate strategy. Traditional writings on corporate strategy tend to be self limiting 1n that they focus on a "single profit objective" and associated with this is the heavy emphasis placed on acquisition strategies in order to realize managerial profit objectives. The present study suggests that much more attention should be given to other than profit objectives, the conflict between them and their reconciliation. For this purpose a synthesis of the behavioural model of the firm and the managerial discretion model is proposed. The method uses four types of standards - historical, external, intentional and innovative - 1n setting multiple objectives at a target and at a constraint level. In this target constraint approach the difference between the two levels determines a margin within which conflicting claims of multiple objectives can be reconciled and a consensus level can thereby be reached. The study shows that the existence of a gap between the innovative and the other standards signifies that growth will mainly come through technological change. Theoretical aspects of technological change, in particular the economic and sociological approaches to diffusion of innovation are also discussed with special reference to the chemical industry. Against this background i i a generalized growth pattern for basic chemicals is developed and this pattern identifies the competitive and innovative modes of growth. In the competitive mode the individual chemical producer seeks to increase the level of usage of his material in its established end use categories. In the innovative mode, on the other hand, growth is sought by innovating new end use categories. Given a specialized producer willing to grow in his area, the competitive mode is characterized by the fact that marketing, financial and organizational measures can compensate for scientific and technological weaknesses, whereas intensive research and development activities are all important in the innovative mode . . The discussion finally leads to the formulation of a method of pinpointing technologically based opportunities. This method~ the technological growth tree, is developed as a managerial tool for mapping out strategic opportunities for the chemical industrialist. The tree consists of two principal branches, technological expansion and technological diversification, which subdivide into relevant strategies and tactics. Technological expansion strategies can be utilized in the competitive mode while the technological diversification strategies are appropriate in the innovative mode. The usefulness of the technological growth tree, in particular its diversification strategies, is illustrated by reference to the bromine industry where application of the former has resulted in a number of potential opportunities. These require further research and development efforts for their realization. ·Resulting from this, the principles outlined in the present study can also be applied in other science based industries for strategic planning.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1979. / Bibliography: leaves 147-156. / Microfiche. / x, 156 leaves ill. (some col.) 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--McMaster University (Canada), 1990. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-13, Section: A, page: 0000.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This paper describes the design and construction of a convenient and inexpensive apparatus for the production of the radioisotope bromine-77. The applications of this isotope in various fields of research are discussed and its suitability for use in the field of perturbed angular correlations is demonstrated. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

By a tracer study, using ⁸²Br, it is demonstrated that bromine is bound to serum proteins in vivo. ⁸²Br⁻ of high specific activity was injected into rabbits and serum removed one day later. Approximately ½% of the total ⁸²Br in the serum was found to be protein-bound at this stage. The application of various separation methods (electrophoresis, bromide exchange, denaturation followed by desalting) showed that one-third of the protein-bound bromine is loosely attached whereas two-thirds are firmly bound. After partial and complete enzymatic hydrolysis the bromine was found in the amino acid fraction. On the basis of the elution pattern of the amino acids on calibrated cation exchange resin columns it is concluded that the main portion of the radioactivity appeared to be associated with 3-bromo-L-tyrosine. Little, if any, bromine was observed in the serum lipids and in the thyroxine fraction isolated from serum proteins. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The pure sodium salts of the toluenesulfonic acids were prepared by one of two ways. Both methods started with diazotization of the toluidine. In the first method, the diazonium solution was treated with sulfur dioxide and copper powder, and the resulting sulfinic acid was oxidized to the sulfonic acid with potassium permanganate. In the second method, the diazonium solution was treated with cuprous chloride and sulfur dioxide to give the sulfonyl chloride which was hydrolyzed to the sulfonate. Toluene was sulfonated by SO3 (enriched with S-35) in refluxing SO2 solution. The isotope dilution technique was used to determine the isomer distribution as 5.6 ± 0.6% ortho, 9.7 ± 0.4% meta, and 84.8 ± 1% para. A mixture of benzene and toluene was sulfonated as before, and the isotope dilution technique was employed to give the rate of sulfonation of toluene relative to that of benzene as 25 ± 7. This value with the isomer distribution gave partial rate factors in the sulfonation of toluene as of 4.2, mf 7.3, and pf 127. Some a-anilinoketones were prepared starting with the appropriately substituted benzaldehydes. The benzaldehyde was condensed with nitroethane to give a 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene, which was treated with acid and iron powder to give the phenylacetone. The phenylacetone was brominated in acetic acid and the resulting a-bromophenylacetone was treated with the appropriately substituted aniline to give the a-anilinophenylacetone. The anilinoketones prepared in this manner were 1-(4-chloroanilino)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propanone, its dibromo analog, and 1-(3-chloroanilino)-1-(3-chloropbenyl)-2-propanone. These anilinoketones were subjected to rearrangement conditions: refluxing ethanol, refluxing ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol heated at 105° by a refluxing toluene bath, or ethylene glycol heated at 150° by a refluxing bromobenzene bath, with γ-picoline hydrobromide as catalyst. No rearrangement was detected (ultraviolet analysis) in any of the conditions used in this work. The kinetics of the addition of bromine to cyclohexene in dichloromethane solution was studied at 0° and -22.9° using vacuum line techniques. The product was shown to be trans-1, 2-dibromocyclohexane by comparison of physical constants found with those in the literature and by use of a gas chromatograph. The order of the reaction as determined by the differential method was found to be 1.7 at 0° and 1.4 at -22.9°. The rate constants were calculated to be 80 ± 16 liter 0.7/mole 0.7 sec. at 0° and 48 ± 9 liter 0.4/mole 0.4 sec. at -22.9°. These results indicate a complex system with competing reactions. A possible mechanism is suggested as a explanation for the results.