S’inscrivant dans un contexte de veille et d’intelligence d’entreprise sur Internet, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’élaborer des outils et des méthodes permettant d’identifier, analyser, modéliser et représenter le cheminement des buzz sur Internet. Tout buzz a un ou plusieurs points d’origine : les sources primaires. L’information est ensuite relayée par des sources secondaires qui vont accélérer ou non la propagation en fonction de leur degré d’influence. Tout au long du cycle de vie du buzz, le contenu sémantique est amené à évoluer. La compréhension d’un buzz sur Internet passe ainsi par l’analyse de ce qui se dit et la qualification des émetteurs. Nos travaux s’axeront donc autour de deux types d’analyses complémentaires : une analyse topologique des sources (théorie des graphes et des réseaux) et une analyse du contenu textuel (linguistique de corpus). / This thesis is in the context of strategic and competitive intelligence. Its goal is to develop tools and methods to identify, analyze, model and represent how buzz spread on the Internet. Any buzz has one or more starting point(s), i.e. primary source(s). The information is then passed on by secondary sources which may speed or slow down its spreading depending on their influence. Throughout the buzz lifecycle, the semantic content can evolve. To understand a buzz on the Internet, one needs to analyze what is said and qualify who speaks. This thesis will focus on two main points : a topological analysis of the sources (graph theory and networks), and an analysis of the textual content (corpus linguistics).

abstract   buzz marketing, the phenomena Have you ever thought about why the small French pastries called macarons suddenly became so extremely popular? Soon they were seen everywhere in the media, on every celebrity party and shortly after of course on every Swedish person’s cake dish. Could it be that a trendy it-girl happened to mention these lovely creations in her blog? What (or who) is it really that decides and controls what is popular and what is going to sell? If one individual can influence a whole group of followers it is definitely something marketers should take advantage of. One cannot any longer rely on traditional advertising, one needs to be more creative and rethink the possibilities to get through the media noise. This brought our attention to Buzz Marketing and Word-of-mouth which is a tool for marketers to make use of individuals to spread positive information in different ways.   research question How does Buzz Marketing work with the individual as a channel of communication?   methodology This is a case study on the idea of Buzz Marketing and the individual as a channel of communication. The foundation of our research is based on a selection of three companies that are all involved in activities oriented towards Buzz Marketing and the individual as an influential factor. The three companies studied are; Pronto Communication, Buzzador and Springtime. We have also used one independent source. The empirical facts have been collected from homepages, personal- and mail interviews and the secondary data has been collected through subject literature and scientific articles.   result & conclusion One needs to choose the right communication channel to get through the media noise, from sender to receiver. The individual functions within Buzz Marketing as a channel of communication and finding the right individual to spread positive Word-of-mouth is of major importance for the message to reach through. What these individuals are called and their required characteristics depends on the person who one asks and the task the individuals are about to perform. What they actually do is basically the same; they spread a message to a specific target group on behalf on a marketing bureau and its clients, often in exchange of free samples or something else that is coveted.  One can then choose to call them ambassadors, innovators, influencers or opinion leaders. It is very important that these individuals have the ability to influence specific target groups and that they are committed. They should also be willing to try new things, have a large social network and be curious. Marketers just need to identify these individuals and get to know them. This may sound like a simple task, but is in fact far from it. If Buzz Marketing is not transparent and well-planned enough it can result in a negative Buzz; every marketer’s nightmare.   Keywords: Buzz Marketing, Word-of-mouth Marketing, Buzz, Word-of-mouth, innovator, opinion leader, communication channels, media noise, segmentation, IT, individual, diffusion of innovations, source credibility.

Little is known about the pollination in the spiderwort family, Commelinaceae. One of the species endemic to Madagascar, Coleotrype madagascarica C. B. Clarke, is an extremely ostentatious plant. With visual attraction such as basally coloured apical leaves, vividly coloured petals and an astounding fuzzy spherical hair structure on the stamens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pollination system and reveal the effective pollinator of C. madagascarica. Field studies in central Madagascar indicated that the flowers attract a number of species of pollen seeking bees and flies. The pollination of C. madagascarica relies on female bees that buzz the fuzzy bright yellow stamen filament hairs and later deposit pollen on the stigma topping the ventrally protruding hook shaped style of another flower. During a visit, the bee grabs on to the stamens and vibrate its flight muscles to eject pollen from the anthers. Anthophorid bees, especially Amegilla and Pachymelus, were the most frequent visitors and apparent pollinators.

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Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-15T14:48:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Gabriela Maria Martins.pdf: 7051656 bytes, checksum: 0179f5c1d6d889910e87457cc5896496 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T14:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Gabriela Maria Martins.pdf: 7051656 bytes, checksum: 0179f5c1d6d889910e87457cc5896496 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Construir significados é inerente à atividade projetual, ou seja, ao design, da mesma forma que a cultura é inseparável deste processo de significação, de modo que nos últimos 50 anos, os pesquisadores da cultura e design objetivaram aprofundar este tema. No entanto, a constante busca de novos modelos de desenvolvimento e gestão resultou recentemente em estudos que identificam o processo de significação e competitividade e portanto , temos visto nos últimos anos o aumento também em outras áreas como economia e engenharia de gestão de teorias complementares sobre essas relações. Algo que deve-se salientar é que um dos principais ponto de convergência desses novos paradigmas estratégicos é que eles não só levam em conta a construção de novos significados como meio fundamental para a competitividade; mas também sinalizam que a emergência de inovações radicais de significados é favorecida em um ambiente social, um território, de interação complexo e heterogêneo. Porém, apesar de observarmos um crescente número de estudos sobre o aproveitamento de ambientes para a inovação de significado, não podemos dizer o mesmo sobre questionamentos sobre a criação destes ambientes, ou melhor, maneiras de construção destes “territórios inovativos”. Deste modo, este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, o primeiro objetivou através da convergência teórica e empírica, desenvolver um conjunto de métodos e ferramentas em prol da criação de territórios inovativos com foco no desenvolvimento econômico dessas localidades. Enquanto a segunda, de caráter mais prático, focou na aplicação destes métodos e ferramentas no APL de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco, afinal a competitividade do setor de confecções está intimamente ligado ao valor de moda e que portanto poderia ser de maneira extremamente positiva impactado pelo desenvolvimento de um dito “território inovativo”.

The inlet buzz phenomenon was investigated experimentally and analytically. An external-compression axisymmetric inlet model, having 74 mm in cowl lip diameter, was tested in the 229x229 sq mm blowdown wind tunnel at Mach 2.4. The test facility has shown potential for the supersonic inlet research. The occurrence of inlet buzz was indicated by the continuous shock oscillation and the static pressure fluctuation. The hypothesis based on internal pressure measurement and shadowgraph pictures during stable operations revealed the substantial influence of the separated flow inside the model. Possible increase in subsonic Mach number at the inlet entrance with decreasing exit throttle area, which could promote an instability, was suggested. A basic theoretical shock-plenum system was developed to simulate the inlet buzz behavior and identify its controlling mechanisms. This nonlinear model was governed by the non-stationary shock wave relation, the plenum chamber mass balance, and the entrance blocking effect, as introduced by the vortex sheet theory. The sustained oscillatory cycle of the resulting solution suggested a possible explanation of the phenomenon by combination of the vortex sheet theory concept and the resonance analysis. / Master of Science

<p>This essay is focused on the marketing phenomenon buzz marketing. Buzz marketing is all about making the consumers to talk about your product. In the world we are living in with all the marketing messages, companies tries to find new ways to reach the consumers with their marketing message. The essay consists of 6 interviews with a low level of structure and standardisation. The material from these interviews has been analyzed with the help from the theories of buzz marketing, word of mouth, marketing communication, consumer behaviour, relationship marketing, one-to-one marketing and marketing ethics. I have tried to dig deep in the anlysis of buzz marketing and its potential future. I also have discovered a problem in the marketing with buzz that considers the ethics and in some cases regulations against the laws of marketing. Keywords: buzz, buzz marketing, buzzador, connected marketing, one-to-one marketing, word of mouth.</p>

This essay is focused on the marketing phenomenon buzz marketing. Buzz marketing is all about making the consumers to talk about your product. In the world we are living in with all the marketing messages, companies tries to find new ways to reach the consumers with their marketing message. The essay consists of 6 interviews with a low level of structure and standardisation. The material from these interviews has been analyzed with the help from the theories of buzz marketing, word of mouth, marketing communication, consumer behaviour, relationship marketing, one-to-one marketing and marketing ethics. I have tried to dig deep in the anlysis of buzz marketing and its potential future. I also have discovered a problem in the marketing with buzz that considers the ethics and in some cases regulations against the laws of marketing. Keywords: buzz, buzz marketing, buzzador, connected marketing, one-to-one marketing, word of mouth.

Forskningsfråga: Vad karaktäriserar framgångsrik gerillamarknadsföring?  Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att tydliggöra de väsentliga inslagen i gerillamarknadsföring för att öka förståelsen för denna marknadsföringsmetod. Vi gör detta genom att analysera och klarlägga kärnan i gerillamarknadsföring, metodens olika inslag samt dess styrkor och svagheter. Vi kommer sedan att analysera den funktion gerillamarknadsföring kan ha i företags och organisationers samlade marknadsföring.  Metod: Uppsatsen baseras på en kvalitativ studie som utgått från en deduktiv ansats med en induktiv karaktär. Den empiriska datainsamlingen gjordes främst utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter med spetskompetens inom det valda forskningsämnet.  Slutsats: Vår studie visar att framgångsrik gerillamarknadsföring karaktäriseras av stor kreativitet, men att gerillaaktiviteten inte får ta över budskapet. Just för gerillamarknadsföring är det särskilt viktigt för marknadsföraren att definiera målgruppen, då detta är avgörande för kampanjens utfall. Slutligen är gerillamarknadsföringens syfte att skapa engagemang för att bidra till den ”buzz” som krävs för kampanjens framgång. / Research question: What characterizes successful guerrilla marketing?  Purpose: The aim of this paper is to clarify the essential elements of guerrilla marketing to increase the understanding of this marketing method. We do this by analysing and clarifying the core of guerrilla marketing and its various elements, as well as strengths and weaknesses. We will analyse which role guerrilla marketing can play in companies’ and organizations’ overall marketing.  Methods: The thesis is based on a qualitative study that assumes a deductive approach with an inductive character. The empirical data collection was done mainly based on semi-structured interviews with respondents with expertise skills in the chosen research topic.  Conclusion: Our study shows that high level of creativity characterizes successful guerrilla marketing, but also that the guerrilla activity may not take over the message. For guerrilla marketing, it’s very important for the marketer to define the target audience, as this is crucial for the campaign’s outcome. Finally, the aim of guerrilla marketing is to create engagement to contribute to the “buzz” required for the success of the campaign.