The goals of this research project were to investigate aspects of pollination biology of two native boreal species: Vaccinium myrtilloides (Canadian blueberry) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) in central Saskatchewan. Accordingly, surveys of insect taxa visiting the flowers were performed, and determination of the effectiveness of these insect taxa to serve as pollinators was measured through pollen deposition and pollen tube growth in the style. Accompanying fieldwork, and morphological and anatomical studies were done for the two food rewards offered by flowers of both Vaccinium species: pollen released through poricidal anthers and nectar secreted from the nectary atop the inferior ovary. Pollen-ovule (P/O) ratios were determined for the two study species in Saskatchewan (V. myrtilloides, V. vitis-idaea) as well as for five other Vaccinium species from eastern Canada (Nova Scotia – V. angustifolium, V. boreale, V. caespitosum, V. corymbosum, and V. uliginosum). Pollen, released at maturity as tetrads, were converted to total pollen grains per flower to yield P/O ratios ranging from 238 (V. caespitosum) to 2,008 (V. vitis-idaea), but 736 for the latter in Saskatchewan. These P/O ratios are indicative of a breeding system ranging from facultative autogamy to facultative xenogamy. Additionally, the structure of mature stamens and pollen tetrads was studied in V. myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea. Each anther was functionally bilocular; had a single-cell thickness (i.e., epidermis) with regularly occurring papillae; lacked an endothecium; and possessed two distal, hollow tubules each terminating in a pore. Overall pollen grain viability was 76-97% (V. myrtilloides) and 51-93% (V. vitis-idaea), with about 20% of tetrads having only 1-3 grains viable, and 12% and 27% of tetrads entirely non-viable in V. myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea, respectively. Pollen tetrads occasionally were connected by a sticky substance resembling pollenkitt, but viscin threads were absent. One instance of precocious (in situ) germination of tetrads was recorded within anthers of V. myrtilloides. The floral nectary was a disk of secretory tissue situated between the stamens and the style. The epidermis possessed solitary stomata that were variable in number, but not different between V. myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea. The nectary was vascularized by phloem alone; many traces were found for V. myrtilloides throughout the nectary, whereas V. vitis-idaea had few traces at the nectary base, concentrated at the inner side of the disk closest to the style base. Young sclerenchyma cells were found throughout the nectary parenchyma. Nectar production started on the day of anthesis for both species, although many flowers of V. vitis-idaea appeared to have no measureable nectar at that time. V. myrtilloides produced a larger range of nectar solutes per flower (0 - 3684.1 μg), than V. vitis-idaea iii (1.29 to 1147.62 μg) over both years; nectar volumes per flower never exceeded 5 μL. Nectar was measured daily in flowers aged 1 – 4 days in 2010 and 1 – 6 days in 2011, however, over the two years at the same study site there was no clear pattern of secretion and reabsorption throughout flower life for V. myrtilloides, and only a gradual increase for V. vitis-idaea as flowers aged. Insect visitors to flowers surveyed in 2010 included a large proportion of honeybees (Apis mellifera) as visitors to both species, whereas in 2011 there were no honeybees present at the field site. There was a larger proportion of hoverflies (Syrphidae) found on the flowers of V. vitis-idaea than on V. myrtilloides. Other visitors to V. myrtilloides were bees (Bombus, Andrena, Osmia, Colletes) and wasps (Vespidae), whereas flowers of V. vitis-idaea were visited by bees (Bombus, Andrena, Osmia, Lasioglossum, Colletes, Hylaeus), an ant (Formicidae) and a butterfly (Lycaenidae). Bombus spp. were shown to be pollinators of V. myrtilloides. Andrena spp. were probable pollinators, whereas honeybees appeared to be poor pollinators. Bombus spp. seemed probable pollinators of V. vitis-idaea and hoverflies to be barely more than visitors, though small sample sizes did not allow for conclusive evidence. The time that an insect spent on a virgin flower had no relationship to the pollination result. Among individuals of various Bombus spp. that did or did not sonicate flowers of V. myrtilloides, the action of “buzz pollination” was shown to result in an increase in the number of pollen tetrads deposited and in pollen tube growth.

Social media provides a new position of power to the single individual within PR and marketing campaigns. When a company uses social media as a communication tool in their PR and marketing practice, they have to adapt themselves after the customers' needs and the new communication structure within social media. Communication in social medi is different from traditional media, which is more one-way communicative and visual in its interaction, rather than the digital media that are more two-way communicative av viral through dialogue. If a company creates PR and marketing campaigns within social media without adjusting to the new rules of communication through dialogue, and instead try to apply traditional one-way communication to their social campaigns, they put themselves and their brands in risk of public humiliation and loss of customers; the speed of the viral dialogue over social media can spread bad news fast, and with the newfound power of the single individual, the impliacations can thus be devastating for a company and its brand. If an organization does not respond and take part of the criticism that may be directed at them through the customers' comments, the negative dialogue among clients and the public within social media can quickly create a hazard enviorment for a company and its brand to be seen in.  The public within these social media platforms are more independent and continuously conversing with each other on a local an global scale. They share information, opinions and experiences with both strangers and friends, and if company wants to ahve a chance of creating a dialogue with a positive outcome with their customers, they have to adapt to the conversations to be able to satisfy the customers' needs. In that meaning, they have to be prepared to talk with their customers more than they talk at them to be able to take in all the feedback and possible criticism they may receive, and then use it in a constructive way for the company's development of their productions and relationship with their customers.  To succeed with PR and marketing through social media, the company and communicators need to define a communication strategy over how to maintain a viral dialogue with their customers, and how to handle and respond to comments and criticism the company may recieve. By doing so, the company can figure out how to satisfy the needs of both the organization and of their customers at the same time as they create closer and more personal bonds to their target groups. It is therefore critical for a company to research their target groups' behaviors and needs before they commence any campaign or dialogue over the social web to be able to construct well-planned campaigns thar enforces trustful and stabile relations with their target groups, the company's campaigns will probably not appeal to their customers, which can lead up to open criticism and a bad repuation for the organization over the social web.  Social media is a huge field of knowledge that needs research and education to be handled correctly to be able to eliminate the risks of being social through social media. However, if PR and marketing campaigns in social media are well thought out and open for dialogue and feedback, then PR and marketing through social media is the most effective tool to enhace and develop a company's brand and its relationship with their customers. Social media is the communication of the future, and it is crucial that companies and communicators are able to understand and handle the new commnication structure of social media in their PR and marketing practices to have a chance to gain customers in our digital world. The communicators and companies that know how to use the dialogue through social media for their own benefit can use their knowledge as the new competitive weapon in the battle of gaining customers.

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-29T21:47:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MaríliaAS_DISSERT.pdf: 1617961 bytes, checksum: 77961062d1a69391d92982a6012e5297 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T15:05:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MaríliaAS_DISSERT.pdf: 1617961 bytes, checksum: 77961062d1a69391d92982a6012e5297 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T15:05:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MaríliaAS_DISSERT.pdf: 1617961 bytes, checksum: 77961062d1a69391d92982a6012e5297 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T15:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaríliaAS_DISSERT.pdf: 1617961 bytes, checksum: 77961062d1a69391d92982a6012e5297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of pollination in the quantity and quality of cherry tomatoes and eggplant grown under greenhouse conditions and the behavior of Scaptotrigona sp. and Melipona subnitida in a greenhouse. The survey was conducted in a greenhouse located on the campus of the Universidade Federal do Semiárido (UFERSA), Mossoró/RN. Two experiments were conducted, and to study with cherry tomatoes we used three colonies of M. subnitida inside the greenhouse and for eggplants we transferred two colonies of Scaptotrigona sp., so one of the colonies was arranged between the rows of plants (colony 1) and the other was placed outside the greenhouse (colony 2) with a tube that allowed free access of forage inside the greenhouse. In the second experiment, the pattern of daily activity of Scaptotrigona sp and the number of bees in and out of the colonies were checked. Temperature measurement was performed in both experiments. To check the pollination requirements in both cultures four treatments were performed: open pollinated, selfpollination, manual pollination by vibration and manual cross-pollination by comparing the quantity and quality of fruit from each treatment, such as weight, length and circumference and number of seeds produced. The results show that the output of bees (Scaptotrigona sp.) of colony 1 starts at 08:00h and ends at 18:00h, though the activity was more intense in the afternoon with elevation at 15:00h. The forage of colony 2 started the activities at 7:00h and ceased at 18:00h, with peak activity at 10:00h, and the activities lasted all day. Both Scaptotrigona sp. as M. subnitida did not visit flowers during the period in which they were kept in the greenhouse. For the tomato crop, the treatment with the highest amount of fruits and the biggest, heavier and with more seeds was Pollination by hand vibration (PVM). For the eggplant, manual cross-pollination treatment (PCM) had the highest values regarding the number of fruit and more seeds when compared to other treatments, however the weight, length and circumference of the fruits did not differ between treatments. However more studies are needed to determine the true potential of Scaptotrigona sp. and M. subnitida as pollinator of crops in the greenhouse / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes tipos de polinização na quantidade e qualidade de tomate cereja e berinjela cultivado em casa de vegetação, bem como o comportamento de Scaptotrigona sp. e Melipona subnitida em casa de vegetação. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma casa de vegetação localizada no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), município de Mossoró/RN. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo que para o estudo com tomate cereja foram utilizadas três colônias de M. subnitida no interior da casa de vegetação e para a cultura da berinjela foram transferidas duas colônias de Scaptotrigona sp., sendo que uma das colônias foi disposta entre as fileiras de plantas (colônia 1) e a outra foi colocada no exterior da casa de vegetação (colônia 2) com um tubo que permitia o livre acesso das forrageiras ao interior da casa de vegetação. No segundo experimento, foi verificado o padrão de atividade diária de Scaptotrigona sp e o número de abelhas entrando e saindo das colônias. A medição da temperatura foi realizada em ambos os experimentos. Para verificar os requerimentos de polinização em ambas as culturas, foram realizados quatro tratamentos: polinização livre, autopolinização, polinização manual por vibração e polinização cruzada manual, comparando a quantidade e qualidade dos frutos obtidos de cada tratamento, como peso, comprimento e circunferência e número de sementes produzidas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a saída das abelhas (Scaptotrigona sp.) da colônia 1 começa às 08:00h e termina às 18:00h, entretanto a atividade foi mais intensa no período da tarde com pico as 15:00hs. Já as forrageiras da colônia 2 iniciaram as atividades as 07:00hs e cessaram as 18:00hs, com pico de atividade as 10:00hs, sendo que as atividades duraram todo o dia. Tanto a Scaptotrigona sp. como a M. subnitida não visitaram as flores durante o período em que foram mantidas na casa de vegetação. Para a cultura do tomate o tratamento que apresentou a maior quantidade de frutos e os maiores, mais pesados e com maior número de sementes foi a Polinização por vibração manual (PVM). Para a berinjela o tratamento de polinização cruzada manual (PCM) apresentou os maiores valores em relação a número de frutos produzidos e com maior número de sementes quando comparados com os demais tratamentos, entretanto o peso, comprimento e circunferência dos frutos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Entretanto são necessários mais estudos para determinar o verdadeiro potencial de Scaptotrigona sp. e M. subnitida como polinizador de culturas em casa de vegetação / 2017-03-29

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / In open cultivated areas, the increased agricultural production can be achieved by the presence of natural pollinators. In this study, to identify potential pollinators of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) the bee community and their visiting behavior on the flowers were evaluated. For this, three areas of commercial cultivation of tomatoes situated in Araguari (MG) and Estrela do Sul (MG) were sampled between March and November 2012. We collected 185 bees belonging to 13 species. Exomalopsis analis was the most abundant species followed by Apis mellifera and Paratrigona lineata. Ten species performed the buzz pollination, an important behavior for tomato pollination. Of these, we highlight E. analis and Melipona quinquefasciata for being the most abundant. Apis mellifera and P. lineata could also be acting as pollinators, because they transported pollen between flowers. However, P. lineata also acted as a pollen robber, a characteristic that prevents it from being used for tomato pollination. We also conducted a controlled pollination experiment (autopollination and pollination by E. analis) to evaluate the effect of bee s visitation in the physical quality of formed fruits. The fruit set in the pollination treatment by E. analis was a higher. The fruit mass, roundness and sugar concentration did not differ significantly among treatments. However, the number of seeds was higher in fruits visited by bees and presented a positive correlation with fruit weight. Thus, it appears that E. analis is the main pollinator of tomatoes in open field. However, it is still needed to understand more their biology and nesting habits in order to use it efficiently in crop pollination programs. / Em áreas de cultivo abertas, o incremento da produção agrícola pode ser obtido pela presença de polinizadores naturais. Para identificar os possíveis polinizadores do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), foi realizado um levantamento da comunidade de abelhas visitantes e a observação de seu comportamento nas flores. Para isso, três áreas de cultivo comercial de tomate localizadas em Araguari (MG) e Estrela do Sul (MG) foram amostradas entre março e novembro de 2012. Foram coletados 185 indivíduos pertencentes a 13 espécies de abelhas. Exomalopsis analis foi a espécie mais abundante, seguida por Apis mellifera e Paratrigona lineata. Dez espécies realizaram o comportamento de buzz pollination, importante para a polinização do tomateiro, sendo que E. analis e Melipona quinquefasciata destacam-se por serem as mais abundantes. Apis mellifera, Paratrigona lineata, apesar de não realizarem buzz pollination, também poderiam colaborar para a polinização cruzada. Entretanto, P. lineata também apresentou um comportamento pilhador. Para verificar o efeito da visitação de E. analis na qualidade física dos frutos formados, foi realizado um experimento de polinização controlada (autopolinização e polinização por E. analis). Uma maior taxa de formação de frutos foi encontrada para o tratamento de polinização por E. analis. A massa, o índice de arredondamento e a concentração de açúcar do fruto não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, o número de sementes foi maior em frutos visitados por abelhas e apresentou uma correlação positiva com a massa do fruto. Assim, conclui-se que E. analis é a potencial polinizadora do tomateiro em campo aberto nas áreas estudadas. No entanto, ainda é necessário conhecer melhor aspectos da sua biologia a fim de utilizá-la de forma eficiente em programas de polinização do tomateiro. / Mestre em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais

Agriculture uses several options to increase and conservation of the yields. The tomato cultivation is a typically traditional and fragile crop in which is used many synthetic products that cause damages to both environment and human health. To minimize the use of these products some mechanisms are adopted such as pollination. The variety of pollinators depend on the flower structure, in the case of S. lycopersicum., as other solanaceaes, and it is need flower vibration for the pollen drop. This vibration and the exclusive production of pollen determine the type of visitant of tomato flowers. To aim knowing the pollinators of tomato flowers, the differences between traditional and organic cultivation and the associated vegetation, it was collected visitant insects between March and November 2008 in the municipality of Itabaiana and Areia Branca, Sergipe state. It was collected 327 insects belonging to five orders. The Hymenoptera Order was the dominant taxon in which effective pollinators through buzz pollination was observed. Other visitants were considered as non-effective because they did not perform the buzz vibration; some causes damages the flowers during food searching. Among hymenopterans it was found: Anthophoridae; Apidae; Chalcididae; Eumeninae; Formicidae; Scollidae; Sphecidae; Halictidae; Vespidae; Coleopteras: Chrysomelidae, Carabidae e Coccinelidae. Among the Diptera Order: Ascilidae, Bibionidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae e Tabanidae. The representant of the Lepidoptera Order: Licaenidae, Nymphalidae e Papilonidae. The insect families of the Orthoptera Order were: Romaleidae e Tettigonidae, and Hemiptera Order were: Pentatomidae, Scutelaridae e Coreidae. The associated surrounding vegetation was respectively characterized the planting of other species (mostly coriander) or gramineae in traditional and organic tomato crops. The abundance and diversity of insect visitants in organic crops was greater than the higher in traditional crops. / A agricultura utiliza várias opções para o aumento e conservação da produção e redução das perdas. A cultura do tomateiro, por sua fragilidade, é realizada com base em muitos produtos sintéticos, que causam prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Para minimizar o uso destes produtos durante a produção, alguns mecanismos são empregados, como a polinização, realizada de forma programada ou natural. A variedade de polinizadores depende da estrutura floral, no caso de S. lycopersicum, como nas demais solanáceas, é necessária a vibração das flores para a liberação do pólen. Essa vibração e a exclusiva produção de pólen determinam o tipo de visitante dos tomateiros. Objetivando conhecer os polinizadores, as diferenciações entre os cultivos orgânicos e tradicionais, e a vegetação associada as plantações foram realizadas coletas dos visitantes florais e da vegetação entre os meses de março e novembro de 2008, em propriedades agrícolas das cidades de Itabaiana e Areia Branca Sergipe. Foram coletados 327 insetos de cinco ordens, sendo Hymenoptera o grupo dominante, onde estão os polinizadores efetivos das flores do tomate, que são abelhas capazes de realizar a vibração chamada buzz pollination. Os outros visitantes se aproximam dos cultivos em busca de alimentos, mas não realizam esse movimento, logo não são considerados polinizadores eficazes, alguns até destroem as flores na busca pelo alimento. Dentre os himenópteros estão as famílias: Anthophoridae; Apidae; Chalcididae; Eumeninae; Formicidae; Scollidae; Sphecidae; Halictidae; Vespidae; coleópteros: Chrysomelidae, Cara bidae e Coccinelidae; dípteros: Ascilidae, Bibionidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae e Tabanidae; lepidópteos: Licaenidae, Nymphalidae e Papilonidae; ortópteros: Romaleidae e Tettigonidae; hemípteros: Pentatomidae, Scutelaridae e Coreidae. Já na vegetação coletada no entorno dos cultivos de tomate ou foram encontrados outros cultivos como a produção de coentro muito comum na região, ou prevaleceram algumas gramíneas, sendo maior a variedade nas orgânicas. Quanto à diferenciação em relação aos insetos é observada uma maior abundância e diversidade de visitantes nas propriedades orgânicas do que nas tradicionais.

Thesis provides an overview of viral marketing. It describes the process by which you can be inspired to implement viral campaign. The thesis includes analysis of specific viral Web project. The aim of this thesis is to create a breakdown of the various components of viral marketing, to establish conditions that should be satisfied for the viral marketing to success, suggesting how to use viral marketing on social network Facebook and evaluate the various components of this service for the promotion possibilities, to analyze own viral projects and map out the key factors for their success. The main benefit of the thesis is to provide basic information about viral marketing, an overview of the use of Facebook services for viral marketing and viral analysis of running applications and their resulting knowledge.

The topic of my thesis is "Guerilla marketing and its use in commercial communications." The main objective of my thesis is to define new forms of marketing communication and to assess their possible application in the segment of small and medium-sized businesses, with particular emphasis on guerilla marketing. The thesis has three basic parts. The first two chapters present a theoretical view on marketing, commercial communications and new trends in the field, as well as on Guerilla marketing, through its definition, the definition of its main characteristics and basic types. The third chapter is formed by introducing two specific marketing campaigns using tools typical for Guerilla Marketing and was concluded with the analysis of the questionnaire.

The aim of the Diploma thesis is to create a measure-made and complex marketing plan for a family bakery, with the application of chosen modern methods in marketing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Mancio de Camargo.pdf: 977487 bytes, checksum: c0aad132f43799df1861c4a8a11a8c28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Science communication is an open and dynamic system that self-organizes in new media. Taking into account the transmission of scientific knowledge to the network society to improve the condition of renewal of science and technology, this research observed the selforganization of scientific representation in interactive media, configured to take advantage of the relationships that arise between individuals. In such relationships, the systemic integrity is maintained due to structural changes and techniques as interactivity, digital code, integration of information technologies and communication, that make new media glocal (global and local), online, horizontally differentiated, based on the flow of information, as seen in Jan van Dijk and Manuel Castells. Such considerations take into account the comparative study of the media characteristics of public representation of science in microblog Twitter, which yielded the following main results: 1) the language of new media environments can shuffle discursive modes of science communication, with the risk of incommensurability, as provided by Thomas Kuhn; 2) public representation of science in the new media environment is a complex task that requires pragmatism, as seen in Charles S. Peirce; 3) new media environments ensure integrity for science communication in the network society, but enhance social phenomena as the Matthew effect, described by R. K. Merton; 4) the online buzz, as seen in Emanuel Rosen, which identifies the social buzz practiced in new media environments, effectively extends the communicative channels necessary for permanence of science in network society, as the translation model presented by Bruno Latour. The research, consolidated in this dissertation, also presents a perspective view of interactivity in science as exemplified in the controversy about the communication of the discovery of the infinitesimal calculus, described by Hal Hellman, which involved, during the seventeenth century, english physicist Isaac Newton and german philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. The theoretical basis of the research includes the meeting between General Systems Theory and peircean semiotics, as seen in Jorge A. Vieira and Lucia Santaella; on ethical principles, methodological and rhetorical resources used in science and science communication, as seen in Dorothy Nelkin, Isaac Epstein, Mario Bunge and others. The research also considers notions of subjectivity and emotional exchanges, as seen in Félix Guattari, Rogério da Costa and others. As a final result, this dissertation intends to corroborate with the public communication strategies of both cultures and the knowledge generated from the practices of science and technology / A comunicação científica é um sistema aberto e dinâmico que se auto-organiza na nova mídia. Tendo em vista a transmissão do saber científico à sociedade em rede para melhorar a própria condição de renovação da ciência e tecnologia, esta pesquisa observou a auto-organização da representação científica em ambientes midiáticos interativos, configurados para aproveitar as relações afetivas e dialógicas entre os indivíduos. Nesses relacionamentos, a integralidade sistêmica sustenta-se em evoluções estruturais e técnicas como interatividade, código digital, integração das tecnologias de informação e de comunicação, que tornam a nova mídia glocal (global e local), on-line, horizontal, baseada no fluxo de informações, conforme Jan van Dijk e Manuel Castells. Essas considerações levam em conta o estudo comparativo de características midiáticas da representação científica no microblog Twitter, que proporcionou os seguintes principais resultados: 1) a linguagem dos ambientes da nova mídia pode embaralhar modos discursivos da comunicação científica, ampliando o risco da incomensurabilidade, previsto por Thomas Kuhn; 2) a representação da ciência nos ambientes da nova mídia é uma tarefa complexa, que exige pragmatismo, no sentido de Charles S. Peirce; 3) os ambientes da nova mídia garantem integralidade para a comunicação da ciência na sociedade em rede. O efeito Mateus, descrito por R. K. Merton, é indicador disso; 4) o online buzz, no sentido de Emanuel Rosen, que identifica o burburinho social praticado nos ambientes da nova mídia, amplia eficientemente os canais comunicativos indispensáveis à permanência da ciência na sociedade em rede, conforme o modelo de translação de Bruno Latour. A pesquisa, consolidada nesta dissertação, também apresenta uma visão em perspectiva da interatividade na ciência. Para isso, descreve a controvérsia em torno da comunicação da descoberta do cálculo infinitesimal, descrita por Hal Hellman, que envolveu, no século XVII, o físico inglês Isaac Newton e o filósofo alemão Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa baseou-se no encontro entre a Teoria Geral de Sistemas e a semiótica peirceana, vistos em Jorge A. Vieira e Lucia Santaella; em princípios éticos, metodológicos e retóricos da ciência e da comunicação científica vistos em Dorothy Nelkin, Isaac Epstein, Mario Bunge, entre outros autores. Considera ainda noções sobre trocas afetivas e dialógicas, vistas em Félix Guattari e Rogério da Costa, entre outros autores. Como resultado final, esta dissertação pretende corroborar com as estratégias de comunicação social das culturas e dos conhecimentos gerados com base nas práticas de ciência e tecnologia

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-08T19:32:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos de Melos e Silva Neto - 2013.pdf: 671422 bytes, checksum: 7774a52856834c1b8270fa6218029c99 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-09T11:23:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos de Melos e Silva Neto - 2013.pdf: 671422 bytes, checksum: 7774a52856834c1b8270fa6218029c99 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T11:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carlos de Melos e Silva Neto - 2013.pdf: 671422 bytes, checksum: 7774a52856834c1b8270fa6218029c99 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Pollinators provide an essential service to the ecosystem and bring numerous benefits to society, through its role in the production of food in agriculture and the conservation of biological diversity. In tomato, anthers are poricidal, thus the release of pollen grains requires the presence of pollinators that vibrate these anthers. Thus, pollinators of tomatoes are actually bees that perform buzz pollination. Here, we observed aspects of floral biology, quantity and viability of pollen grains and ovules, and pollinators behavior and richness. To evaluate the effects of pollination in the amount of pollen on the stigmas, we selected 37 plants and bagged an inflorescence and let another available to pollinators. Each marked inflorescence had three stigmas removed the pollen grains on their surfaces were quantified. For comparison of fruit production, fruit development were followed in inflorescences bagged and not bagged for 40 days, and then the fruits were counted, weighed, measured, and had their seeds counted. The anthesis is at 6:30 am. The flower remains open until 6:00 pm, closing and reopening in the next day at the same time, lasting up to 73 hours. The greatest amount of pollen in the anther is in the early hours of the flower opening, with reduction and stabilization of the number of pollen grains around noon, coinciding with increased pollinator visitation. We found 25 species of bees in pollinating tomato crops. The abundance of bees coinciding with hours of availability and depletion of pollen suggests efficient removal of pollen from the anthers by the native bees The amount of pollen on the stigma of flowers available to pollinators was higher than on the stigma of bagged flowers. Fruit production was higher in open inflorescences than in bagged inflorescences. Native bees pollinate tomato flowers, increasing the pollen load on the stigma and fruit production. / Os polinizadores fornecem um serviço essencial ao ecossistema e trazem inúmeros benefícios à sociedade, através do seu papel na produção de alimento na agricultura e na conservação da diversidade biológica. No tomateiro, as anteras têm abertura poricida, assim, para liberação dos grãos de pólen é necessária a presença de polinizadores efetivos que realizam a vibração dessas anteras. Sendo assim, os polinizadores de fato dos tomateiros são abelhas que realizam polinização vibrátil. Na realização deste trabalho, foram observados aspectos da biologia floral como duração da flor, a quantidade e viabilidade de grãos de pólen e óvulos, além dos aspectos ecológicos dos polinizadores, como observação e coleta dos visitantes florais. Para avaliar os efeitos da polinização na quantidade de pólen do estigma, selecionamos 37 plantas, ensacamos uma inflorescência e deixamos outra disponível aos polinizadores. De cada inflorescência marcada, retiramos três estigmas e quantificamos os grãos de pólen em suas superfícies. Para a comparação da produção de frutos, acompanhamos o desenvolvimento dos frutos nas inflorescências ensacadas e não ensacadas durante 40 dias, e posteriormente os frutos foram contados, pesados, medidos e tiveram suas sementes contadas. A antese floral inicia às 6h30 da manhã. A flor permanece aberta até às 18h, fechando e no dia seguinte reabrindo no mesmo horário, durando até 73h. A maior oferta de pólen é nas primeiras horas da abertura da flor, com redução e estabilização do número de grãos de pólen por volta do meio dia, coincidindo com o aumento da visitação dos polinizadores. Foram encontradas 25 espécies de abelhas polinizadoras nos cultivos de tomateiro. A abundância das abelhas coincidindo com os horários de disponibilidade e esgotamento do pólen sugere eficiência na retirada dos grãos de pólen das anteras, muitos dos quais se aderem provavelmente ao estigma da própria flor, ocorrendo o posterior desenvolvimento dos frutos. A quantidade de grãos de pólen no estigma das flores disponíveis para os polinizadores foi maior do que no estigma das flores ensacadas. A produção de frutos foi maior em inflorescências não ensacadas que em inflorescências ensacadas. Os frutos não ensacados apresentaram mais sementes que os ensacados. As abelhas nativas polinizam as flores do tomateiro, aumentando a carga de pólen no estigma e a produção de frutos.