Diss.--Philosophy--Ann Arbor (Mich.)--Michigan state Univ., 2001. / Deux tomes en 1 volume. Bibliogr. p. 546-562.

Problem: Walking cadence (steps/minute) is used to prescribe walking intensity. For healthy adults, the recommended cadence is generally 100 steps per minute to reach moderate intensity. However, the required walking cadence to reach that intensity for people having risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is unknown. Methods: Ninety-one people presenting risk factors for CVD completed a graded exercise test to assess maximum oxygen consumption. In a separate session, when participants reached moderate intensity based on their maximum oxygen consumption, walking cadence was recorded. Results: Mean walking cadence to reach moderate intensity was 115.8 ± 10.3 steps per minute. Using linear regression analysis, only body weight (ß=0.24; P=0.018) significantly predicted the walking cadence required to reach moderate intensity. Conclusions: The walking cadence needed for people presenting risk factors for CVD to reach moderate intensity is about 116 steps per minute. Body weight influences the walking cadence needed to reach moderate intensity. / October 2015

The neoclassical compositions of Igor Stravinsky have long provided scholars with a wealth of analytical possibilities. Many approaches to Stravinsky's neoclassical music have revolved around tonal implications therein. One tonal device, however, that has received little attention from the theory community is the common-practice cadence. This study seeks to present a theory of the manner in which Stravinsky's neoclassical compositional practice adheres to and varies from the well-formed standards of the common-practice era. Additional data is studied that shows trends throughout Stravinsky's neoclassical period. Finally, the research examines the future of neoclassical Stravinsky analysis and specifically addresses how this cadential study can contribute to the larger discussion of tonal implications in Stravinsky's neoclassical music.

Introduction: Several authors have demonstrated that, while cycling at a constant power output, EMG activity from the gastrocnemius increases systematically with increases in pedaling cadence, but that soleus EMG remains unchanged (Marsh & Martin 1995; Sanderson et al. 2006). The reason for this differential effect of cadence on the muscles of the triceps surae is unclear. Whatever factor(s) are responsible, it is assumed that, as they vary, the differential electromyographic response will vary accordingly. Decreasing the seat height has been shown to alter the kinematic characteristics of cycling (Too, 1990). The first objective of this study was to examine the effect of a decrease in seat height on the kinematics and muscle activation of the lower limb. The second objective was to investigate the effect of seat height on the relationship between cadence and triceps surae activation and, in doing so, to reveal possible factors mediating the response to changes in cadence. Methods: Participants pedaled a cycle ergometer at 200 Watts for five minutes at each of five cadences (50, 65, 80, 95, 110 rpm) and at each of two seat heights (100% and 90% trochanteric height). Kinematics of the lower limb were calculated from digitized video records of reflective markers placed on the skin over seven bony landmarks. EMG data were collected from eight lower-limb muscles. Results: The most notable findings were 1) that activation of the gastrocnemii was less in the low-seat condition and, contrary to what the findings of past research would suggest, was not associated with changes in muscle length; 2) that the medial and lateral gastrocnemii responded differently to changes in cadence at each seat height, suggesting that the functional roles of these muscles in cycling differ; 3) that several factors, including muscle length, muscle velocity, ankle angle and the direction of muscle action, were not responsible for the differential effect of cadence on activation of the soleus and gastrocnemius. Future research should investigate afferent feedback from proprioceptors in the knee joint and knee extensor muscles as possible factors mediating the effect.

Introduction: Several authors have demonstrated that, while cycling at a constant power output, EMG activity from the gastrocnemius increases systematically with increases in pedaling cadence, but that soleus EMG remains unchanged (Marsh & Martin 1995; Sanderson et al. 2006). The reason for this differential effect of cadence on the muscles of the triceps surae is unclear. Whatever factor(s) are responsible, it is assumed that, as they vary, the differential electromyographic response will vary accordingly. Decreasing the seat height has been shown to alter the kinematic characteristics of cycling (Too, 1990). The first objective of this study was to examine the effect of a decrease in seat height on the kinematics and muscle activation of the lower limb. The second objective was to investigate the effect of seat height on the relationship between cadence and triceps surae activation and, in doing so, to reveal possible factors mediating the response to changes in cadence. Methods: Participants pedaled a cycle ergometer at 200 Watts for five minutes at each of five cadences (50, 65, 80, 95, 110 rpm) and at each of two seat heights (100% and 90% trochanteric height). Kinematics of the lower limb were calculated from digitized video records of reflective markers placed on the skin over seven bony landmarks. EMG data were collected from eight lower-limb muscles. Results: The most notable findings were 1) that activation of the gastrocnemii was less in the low-seat condition and, contrary to what the findings of past research would suggest, was not associated with changes in muscle length; 2) that the medial and lateral gastrocnemii responded differently to changes in cadence at each seat height, suggesting that the functional roles of these muscles in cycling differ; 3) that several factors, including muscle length, muscle velocity, ankle angle and the direction of muscle action, were not responsible for the differential effect of cadence on activation of the soleus and gastrocnemius. Future research should investigate afferent feedback from proprioceptors in the knee joint and knee extensor muscles as possible factors mediating the effect.

Introduction: Several authors have demonstrated that, while cycling at a constant power output, EMG activity from the gastrocnemius increases systematically with increases in pedaling cadence, but that soleus EMG remains unchanged (Marsh & Martin 1995; Sanderson et al. 2006). The reason for this differential effect of cadence on the muscles of the triceps surae is unclear. Whatever factor(s) are responsible, it is assumed that, as they vary, the differential electromyographic response will vary accordingly. Decreasing the seat height has been shown to alter the kinematic characteristics of cycling (Too, 1990). The first objective of this study was to examine the effect of a decrease in seat height on the kinematics and muscle activation of the lower limb. The second objective was to investigate the effect of seat height on the relationship between cadence and triceps surae activation and, in doing so, to reveal possible factors mediating the response to changes in cadence. Methods: Participants pedaled a cycle ergometer at 200 Watts for five minutes at each of five cadences (50, 65, 80, 95, 110 rpm) and at each of two seat heights (100% and 90% trochanteric height). Kinematics of the lower limb were calculated from digitized video records of reflective markers placed on the skin over seven bony landmarks. EMG data were collected from eight lower-limb muscles. Results: The most notable findings were 1) that activation of the gastrocnemii was less in the low-seat condition and, contrary to what the findings of past research would suggest, was not associated with changes in muscle length; 2) that the medial and lateral gastrocnemii responded differently to changes in cadence at each seat height, suggesting that the functional roles of these muscles in cycling differ; 3) that several factors, including muscle length, muscle velocity, ankle angle and the direction of muscle action, were not responsible for the differential effect of cadence on activation of the soleus and gastrocnemius. Future research should investigate afferent feedback from proprioceptors in the knee joint and knee extensor muscles as possible factors mediating the effect. / Education, Faculty of / Kinesiology, School of / Graduate

Binary multiplier has been a staple in the digital circuit design. It is used in microprocessor design, DSP applications etc. Here, we discuss the design of a novel multiplier that employs a modified shift and add logic to multiply two n-bit unsigned binary numbers. In our work, we changed the shift and add algorithm. We used a barrel shifter and a multiplexer to generate the partial products. We also found out a way to reduce the number of partial products so that we would have fewer numbers to add after we generated all of them. An array of Carry Save Adders (CSA) is used to add the partial products. With all our arrangements and setups, we aim to reduce delays and make the design as efficient as possible. As examples, we have shown it to multiply two 16-bit numbers, however, the design can easily be either scaled up or down according to the environment the multiplier is being used.

The master’s thesis focuses on model designing of active components for PSpice simulator. Creation of models are based on text description, which is avaible in Cadence Spectre libraries. The aim of this thesis is approximate conversion of CMOS and bipolar tranzistors based on I3T 0.35 m technology. Simulation’s results and their comparation are discussed below.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OFAPARNA REDDY KOTTE, for the Master of science degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering, presented on November 5,2020, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: MEMRISTOR BASED SRAM MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Haniotokis Themistoklis The easy usage and less standby leakage are the main reasons SRAMs are mostly used for mobile applications both on chip and off chip memories. Various SRAM cells have been under research for many years. In post-CMOS era, rising of memristor technology is expected to be a key driver due to its outstanding features to replace the present memory technologies. Memristor is a non-volatile component that memorizes the proportion of current passed through it, reserving the data in the form of resistance. With its non-volatile characteristics, ultra-low power consumption, higher density capability, fast operating speed, ability to function as a multi-level cell and good scalability and compatibility with CMOS technology, memristor technology is found to be best to replace the SRAM cells. Memristor based SRAM cell can be an efficient circuit component that is being proposed in this thesis which consumes less power and allows the conventional SRAM cell to retain data with lesser number of transistors at power-down without any auxiliary circuit. This thesis contains the operating procedure and simulated results of the proposed four transistor and two memristor SRAM using 90nm technology performed on Cadence Virtuoso tool.

Our purpose was to evaluate effects of cadence manipulation on plantar loading during running. Participants (n=38) ran on a treadmill at their preferred speed in 3 conditions: preferred, 5% increased, and 5% decreased while measured using in-shoe sensors. Data (contact time [CT], peak force [PF], force time integral [FTI], pressure time integral [PTI] and peak pressure [PP]) were recorded for 30 right footfalls. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect differences in loading between cadences in the total foot and 4 plantar regions. Differences in plantar loading occurred between cadence conditions. Total foot CT and PF were lower with a faster cadence, but no total foot PP differences were observed. Faster cadence reduced CT, pressure and force variables in both the heel and metatarsal regions. Increasing cadence did not elevate metatarsal loads; rather, total foot and all regions were reduced when healthy runners increased their cadence. If a 5% increase in cadence from preferred were maintained over each mile run the impulse at the heel would be reduced by an estimated 565 body weightss (BWs) and the metatarsals 140-170 BWs per mile run despite the increased steps taken. Increasing cadence may benefit overuse injuries associated with elevated plantar loading.