<p> This dissertation is an attempt to construct a perichoretic pastoral theology. This constructive proposal comes through a conversation between central dimensions of pastoral theology and salient features of the doctrine of perichoresis. The conversation partners are: (1) theologies of experience and perichoretic relationality; (2) concern for human angst and perichoretic participation; and (3) situational attentiveness and perichoretic spirituality. This conversation yields a pastoral theology that is being called 'the practice of perichoresis.' The practice of perichoresis is a pastoral theology that helps ministering persons to navigate how their ministry practice can be done participatively (with God), attentively (in situations of ministry) and authentically (personal life and ministry). Spiritual polarities will be used to articulate this relational, participative and spiritual approach to pastoral theology. This perichoretic pastoral theology is articulated as three interrelated movements. The first polarity is the move from experience to relationship. The practices and methods pastoral theology uses to engage human experience is drawn into conversation with perichoretic relationality. This interaction encourages a move toward relationship in all pastoral theological work. The second polarity is the move from concern to presence. Here pastoral concern for human angst is drawn into conversation with perichoretic participation. This interaction encourages a move toward presence; a presence which hopes to disclose God's presence even in the most perplexing circumstances. The third polarity is the move from competence to communion. In this conversation pastoral theology's situational attentiveness is drawn into dialogue with perichoretic spirituality. The move toward communion encourages practices of situational attentiveness that are rooted in communion with God and within the community of faith. A fourth polarity is offered which incorporates the other three. It is the move from practice to prayer. Prayer is the practice that integrates the theological, contextual and personal dimensions of the practice of perichoresis. This perichoretic pastoral theology is constructed in the hope of helping ministering persons to live and minister in an ever-deepening cadence with the triune God.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Cadences are orderly progressions of chords which occur in classical and contemporary Western music. They can serve as anchoring points for the perception of musical key and of tonality. The rules governing the structure and usage of cadences have been set forth in music theory. In a series of experiments, listeners were able to rate the stability of simple two-chord cadences without explicit knowledge of music theoretical concepts. The stability ratings obtained for the cadences presented in these experiments were affected by the listener's musical training (inexperienced or formally trained), by the cadence type (chord progression moving toward or away from the tonic), by the position of the root (in the lowest or uppermost note position of chord) by the direction of cadence resolution (upward or downward pitch change). and by the tonal context. The tonal context was an ascending or descending diatonic scale in the key of G-major or C-major played before each cadence trial. Two hypothetical listening strategies were introduced as possible ways of perceiving musical cadences. Melody-tracking was defined as a simple analytic listening strategy which focused on the soprano voice of each chord in a cadence. Voice-tracking was defined as a flexible strategy which allowed the listener to focus on either the soprano or the bass voice in the triad sequence. Musically trained listeners' ratings generally conformed to the voice-tracking strategy. Their ratings followed conventional standards consistently and accurately. They rated G-C cadences most stable in a C-major context. and C-G cadences most stable in a G-major context. Untrained listeners' ratings did not consistently show this effect of key context. Their ratings generally conformed to the melody-tracking strategy. They considered downward resolution of a cadence more stable than upward resolution, and they gave higher stability ratings to cadences when the soprano voice instead of the bass voice led the cadence. All listeners tended to rate plagal cadences as more stable than imperfect cadences, and perfect cadences as more stable than other cadences. They also generally gave higher stability ratings to soprano-led cadences than to bass-led cadences. The musically untrained listeners were able to assign meaningful stability ratings to cadences. despite their lack of musical terms. The trained listeners appeared to approach the task in a different way. Over the course of formal musical training. trained listeners may have learned to use a more flexible strategy while maintaining a high level of accuracy and consistency in their task performance. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Introduction With an increasing knowledge of the health benefits from physical activity (PA) the interest in objectively measuring PA in free living environment has increased. ActiGraph is the most commonly used accelerometer to objectively measure PA, while ActivPAL is considered gold standard when it comes to measuring sedentary behavior. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate if ActivPAL could be used to measure Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) instead of ActiGraph. Methods Data from 79 overweight office workers carrying the ActivPAL and ActiGraph device simultaneously were analyzed. All activities with a cadence of 90 steps per minute (spm) or more lasting for at least 30 seconds from one day from ActivPAL data was extracted and compared to the corresponding activity from ActiGraph. An activity was classified as MVPA by using the cut points of 100 spm for ActivPAL and 3208 activity-counts per minute (cpm) for ActiGraph using vector magnitude (VM). Results A correlation of r=0.326 (p&lt;0.001) was seen between ActiGraph and ActivPAL with a Cohen’s kappa of K=0.14, a percentage agreement of 60.7%, a sensitivity of 61.5% with ActiGraph as denominator and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 84.3% for ActivPAL. Neither age nor BMI affected the association between the estimates by these devices. There was no correlation for time spent in MVPA between devices. Conclusion Cadence from ActivPAL cannot replace ActiGraph to measure MVPA in a free living environment in overweight adults.

Music appears to have advantageous effects during exercise as it has been shown to increase motivation, decrease ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and improve exercise performance. The improvement of running performance in particular, is the main effect recreational runners want to focus on as many want to improve their time in road races. Running velocity, indicated by a faster time to completion is thought to improve with an increase in step frequency, step length, or a combination of these variables. Currently, there is limited research that observes methods to help increase step frequency or step length. The manipulation of music cadence may be considered an effective training method that influences step frequency. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of music cadence on step frequency in the recreational runner. A total of 30 recreational runners (15 male, 15 female) with a mean age of 31.0 ± 5.8 (range= 20-39), a BMI of 24.0 ± 3.3 (range= 19-32), and an estimated VO2 max of 49.6 ± 5.4 (range= 41-60) participated in this study. Individually, runners completed four 1600-meter time trials on an outdoor track at maximal effort. The first trial was a familiarization trial where participants ran 1600 meters with no music. Two music conditions were then created for each runner based on their natural step frequency obtained during the familiarization trial. The first condition represented music at natural step cadence and the second condition represented music at increased step cadence. The next three 1600 meter time trials were randomized and included a control condition of no music, a natural cadence music condition at the runner's natural step frequency, and an increased cadence music condition of 10-20 beats per minute (bpm) above the natural cadence music condition. Results indicated that step frequency was significantly higher during the increased cadence music condition compared to both the natural cadence music and no music conditions (p < 0.05). Additionally, time to completion was significantly lower in the increased cadence music condition compared to both the natural cadence music and no music conditions (p < 0.05). Lastly, there was no significant difference in step length among music conditions. These results indicate that music cadence had a positive influence on running performance as it was able to increase step frequency and improve time to completion in a group of recreational runners. Therefore, for practical application, recreational runners can alter music cadence to help improve running performance.

The purpose of this study was to compare the shoulder resultant joint moment (RJM) during a shoulder internal rotator exercise using elastic resistance employing four different movement strategies and two different starting elastic strains. Methods: Ten subjects aged 27.4 ± 2.6 yr (5 female and 5 male) with no previous shoulder pathology performed four sets of six repetitions of shoulder rotation though 180° using elastic resistance (Thera-Band® elastic band, blue) during two acceleration (medium and low) and two cadence (2s:2s, <1s:1s) strategies at 0% elastic starting strain. The acceleration movement strategies were also performed with starting strain of 30%. A mathematical model using Newtonian mechanics was used to compute the RJM. Elastic band recoil force was measured with a force transducer. Forearm acceleration was determined by a miniature uniaxial accelerometer secured at the wrist. Electrogoniometer data were collected to determine the range of motion (ROM) as well as the angle between the forearm and band which was used to determine elastic moment arm. Paired t-tests were used to identify joint angle specific RJM differences between conditions. Results: Angle specific comparisons revealed that RJM in the moderate acceleration movement strategy was significantly different from RJM in the low acceleration movement strategy through 150° (83%) of range of motion (p<0.05). Shoulder RJM was up to 111% higher in the moderate acceleration strategy (P < 0.01). Angle specific comparisons revealed RJM in the <1:1 cadence strategy was significantly different from RJM in the 2:2 cadence through 108° (60%) of the range of motion (p<0.05). RJM was up to 47% higher in the <1:1 cadence (p<0.01). RJM in the low acceleration strategy was significantly greater with 30% elastic start strain relative to 0% elastic start strain through 180º of angular excursion (p<0.001). The pattern and magnitude of neuromuscular loading was significantly different in higher acceleration movement strategies (moderate acceleration and fast cadence). Conclusions: These findings indicate that differential limb acceleration as a result of movement strategy significantly affects shoulder load during elastic resistance exercise. The pattern and magnitude of load was different in each movement strategy and could result in differential neuromuscular adaptation through training. Clinicians and exercise professionals should consider movement strategy/acceleration as an important factor when prescribing elastic resistance exercise for safety and efficacy. / October 2006

Diss.--Tübingen, 2003. / Sources et bibliogr. p. 329-346. Index.

The purpose of this study was to compare the shoulder resultant joint moment (RJM) during a shoulder internal rotator exercise using elastic resistance employing four different movement strategies and two different starting elastic strains. Methods: Ten subjects aged 27.4 ± 2.6 yr (5 female and 5 male) with no previous shoulder pathology performed four sets of six repetitions of shoulder rotation though 180° using elastic resistance (Thera-Band® elastic band, blue) during two acceleration (medium and low) and two cadence (2s:2s, <1s:1s) strategies at 0% elastic starting strain. The acceleration movement strategies were also performed with starting strain of 30%. A mathematical model using Newtonian mechanics was used to compute the RJM. Elastic band recoil force was measured with a force transducer. Forearm acceleration was determined by a miniature uniaxial accelerometer secured at the wrist. Electrogoniometer data were collected to determine the range of motion (ROM) as well as the angle between the forearm and band which was used to determine elastic moment arm. Paired t-tests were used to identify joint angle specific RJM differences between conditions. Results: Angle specific comparisons revealed that RJM in the moderate acceleration movement strategy was significantly different from RJM in the low acceleration movement strategy through 150° (83%) of range of motion (p<0.05). Shoulder RJM was up to 111% higher in the moderate acceleration strategy (P < 0.01). Angle specific comparisons revealed RJM in the <1:1 cadence strategy was significantly different from RJM in the 2:2 cadence through 108° (60%) of the range of motion (p<0.05). RJM was up to 47% higher in the <1:1 cadence (p<0.01). RJM in the low acceleration strategy was significantly greater with 30% elastic start strain relative to 0% elastic start strain through 180º of angular excursion (p<0.001). The pattern and magnitude of neuromuscular loading was significantly different in higher acceleration movement strategies (moderate acceleration and fast cadence). Conclusions: These findings indicate that differential limb acceleration as a result of movement strategy significantly affects shoulder load during elastic resistance exercise. The pattern and magnitude of load was different in each movement strategy and could result in differential neuromuscular adaptation through training. Clinicians and exercise professionals should consider movement strategy/acceleration as an important factor when prescribing elastic resistance exercise for safety and efficacy.

This study determined whether a cadenced-based exercise prescription (CBEP) enabled participants to increase the time they spend doing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) to a greater extent than Standard Care (SC). Forty-six participants were recruited from the ENCOURAGE study and were allocated to SC (n=25) or CBEP (n=21). Data was collected at baseline (T0), prior to the intervention (T1) and then again at 16 (T2) and 24 (T3) weeks. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was assessed by accelerometry in 10 minute (MVPA10min) and sporadic bouts (MVPASpor) as well as step counts (StepsTotal, StepsMVPA). Although participants reported that CBEP helped them to increase their motivation to become more active, none of the accelerometer parameters differed between SC and CBEP at baseline, 8, 16, or 24 weeks. These data suggest that CBEP did not have an added benefit for influencing physical activity over time amongst a population of previously sedentary adults.